就像我们以秒为单位测量时间、以千克为单位的质量、以米为单位的高度等日常事物一样；计算机内存(computer memory)和磁盘空间是基于字节测量的。您可能会遇到诸如Kilobytes、Gigabytes、Terabytes、Petabytes等术语，尤其是当您购买新的笔记本电脑或手机或新的存储设备（如硬盘）时。这些术语是最常用的数据存储容量指标，当您想购买基于内存的新数字设备时非常有用。
话虽如此，您有没有想过实际有多少可用的内存空间可用于千兆字节、太字节或 PB？乍一看，这些度量单位最容易混淆，理解这些术语对于使用计算机的任何人来说都是典型的。
计算机内存大小解释
要了解计算机内存和数据存储容量的确切工作原理，您首先需要能够了解一个字节、千字节、千兆字节、太字节、拍字节或艾字节描述的空间。要测量确切的大小，您首先需要了解计算机的工作原理。
字节、千字节、千兆字节、太字节、拍字节和艾字节有多大？
计算机使用二进制数字系统(binary number system)作为数字的基本表示。与通常称为以十进制为基数的十进制系统不同，它使用十个数字 0、1、2、... 9；二进制系统只有两个数字 1 和 0。虽然我们实际上并不直接处理 1 和 0 ，但这两个数字在计算机的工作方式中起着重要作用。
有了这两个数字，我们可以数到任何数字。十进制数可以转换为二进制数，所有这些数学运算都由您的计算机完成。计算机由电子电路和电线组成，这些电子电路承载着计算机中的所有信息。所有信息都使用电力存储和表示。
少量
就像我之前说的，计算机是由信号线组成的，这些信号可以打开也可以关闭。电线的这种开或关状态称为位(Bit)。该位是计算机可以存储的最小信息。如果你有更多的电线，你会得到更多的 1 和 0 和更多的位。并且可以使用更多的位来表示一条复杂的信息。
这里重要的是，任何数字都可以用 1 和 0 或一堆打开或关闭(Off)的电线和晶体管表示。电线或晶体管越多，您可以存储的数量就越大。假设(Suppose)您要存储文本、图像或声音等信息，所有这些都可以用数字表示。然后可以将这些数字存储为开或关电信号。
字节
二进制数可以是 0 或 1，分别表示开关为关闭或打开。开关的这种 On 或Off状态称为位。一个字节是位的集合，单个字节由八个二进制数字组成。位被分组为八个二进制数字，因为大多数存储芯片具有八个通路的电子电路，每个通路具有开启状态或关闭状态。一个字节可以表示 2^8 (256) 个不同的值，即 0.1 个字节可以表示从零 (00000000) 到 255 (11111111) 的值。
千字节
字节被分组以表示更大的数字。一个千字节(Kilobyte)包含 1024 个字节。一般情况下，当我们为千加前缀时，它会建议 1000 字节。这适用于基于因子 10 的十进制数字系统。但是，由于计算机使用二进制系统来存储数据，因此我们需要使用 2 的二进制因子来表示字节。这意味着一千字节包含 2^10 个字节，即 1024 个字节。千字节(Kilobyte)度量通常用于描述CPU缓存大小和RAM容量
兆字节
兆字节(Megabyte)包含 1024 千字节。通常，当我们为 mega 加上前缀时，它表示一百万字节。这适用于基于因子 10 的十进制数系统。由于我们需要在计算机二进制系统中表示，我们需要使用 2 的二进制因子来表示字节。这意味着一兆字节(Megabyte)包含 1024 千字节。
千兆字节
技嘉(Gigabyte)包含 1024 兆字节。通常，当我们为Giga 加上(Giga)前缀时，它表示十亿字节。这适用于基于因子 10 的十进制数系统。由于我们需要在计算机二进制系统中表示，我们需要使用 2 的二进制因子来表示字节。这意味着千兆字节(Gigabyte)实际上包含 1024 兆字节。为了衡量它究竟是如何消耗内存的，让我们假设您有一个 2 GB 的磁盘驱动器。凭借 2GB 的容量，您可以存储大约 500 首音乐曲目。
太字节
太(Tera)字节包含 1024 GB。前缀Tera表示一万亿字节。在二进制系统中，它将代表 1024 Gigabytes。1TB 是一个很大的存储空间，并且正确地看待它；它可以存储大约一百万张照片。如今，大多数硬盘驱动器的容量都在 1 到 3 TB 之间
拍字节
一拍字节几乎是一万亿字节。在计算机二进制系统中，1 PB 是 1024 TB 的数据。这个尺寸实际上很难想象。如今，大多数现代技术处理器和服务器都存储超过 PB 的信息。换个角度来看，一个 PB 大小的内存可以存储超过 10,000 小时的电视节目。
艾字节
Exabyte 或 EB 是一个非常大的数据存储单元。1 EB = 1000 PB(Petabytes)。
Hope this clears up the air!
Bits, Bytes, Kilobytes Gigabytes, Terabytes, Petabytes, Exabytes explained
Just like we measure daу-tо-daу things like time in seconds, mass in kilograms, height in meters; computer memory and disc space are measured based on bytes. You would have probably come across terms like Kilobytes, Gigabytes, Terabytes, Petabytes, etc., especially when you are buying a new laptop or a phone or a new storage device like a hard disk. These terms are most commonly used metrics of data storage capacity and are useful when you want to buy a new digital device based on memory.
That being said, have you ever visualized how much memory space is available in the real for gigabytes, terabytes or a petabyte? These units of measurement are most often confusing at first glance and understanding these terminologies is quintessential for anyone who works with a computer.
Computer Memory sizes explained
To understand how exactly the computer memory and data storage capacity works, you need to be able first to understand how much space a byte, kilobyte, gigabyte, terabyte, petabyte or an exabyte describe. To gauge the exact size, you need first to understand how a computer works.
How big are byte, kilobyte, gigabyte, terabyte, petabyte & exabyte?
Computers use a binary number system for the basic representation of a number. Unlike the decimal system generally referred to as base ten number system that uses ten numerals 0, 1, 2, … 9; the binary system has only two numerals 1 and 0. Although we don’t actually directly deal with 1’s and 0 ’s, these two digitals play a significant role in how computers work.
With these two digits, we can count up to any numbers. A decimal number can be converted to binary, and all of this math is done by your computer. Computers are made up of electronic circuits and wires, and these electronics circuits carry all the information in a computer. All the information is stored and represented using electricity.
Bit
Like I said before, computers are made of signal wires these signal can be either on or off. This on or off state of wire is called a Bit. This bit is the smallest piece of information the computer can store. If you have more wires, you get more 1’s and 0’s with more bits. And more bits can be used to represent a piece of complex information.
What is important here, is that any number can be represented with ones and zeros or by a bunch of wires and transistors that are on or Off. The more the wires or transistors, the larger number you can store. Suppose you want to store information like text, images or sound, all these can be represented with numbers. These numbers can then be stored as on or off electrical signals.
Bytes
A binary number can be either 0 or 1 which represents the switch as off or on respectively. This On or Off state of a switch is called a bit. A byte is a collection of bits, and a single byte is made up of eight binary digits. Bits are grouped as eight binary digits because most of the memory chips have an electronic circuitry of eight pathways with each pathway having either on state or off state. A byte can represent 2^8 (256) distinct values, ie, .1 byte can represent values from zero (00000000) to 255 (11111111).
Kilobytes
Bytes are grouped to represent a larger number. A Kilobyte contains 1024 bytes. Generally, when we prefix kilo, it would suggest 1000 bytes. This holds true for the decimal number system that is based on factors of 10. However since computers use the binary system to store the data, we need to use a binary factor of 2’s to represent bytes. That means a kilobyte contains 2^10 bytes that are 1024 bytes. Kilobyte measure is often used to describe CPU cache size and RAM capacity
Megabyte
Megabyte contains 1024 kilobytes. Generally, when we prefix mega, it suggests a million bytes. This holds true for the decimal number system that is based on factors of 10. Since we need to represent in computer binary system, we need to use a binary factor of 2’s to represent bytes. That means a Megabyte contains 1024 kilobytes.
Gigabytes
Gigabyte contains 1024 megabytes. Generally, when we prefix Giga, it suggests a billion bytes. This holds true for the decimal number system that is based on factors of 10. Since we need to represent in computer binary system, we need to use a binary factor of 2’s to represent bytes. That means a Gigabyte actually contains 1024 megabytes. To gauge how exactly it consumes memory, let us consider that you have a 2 GB of the disk drive. With 2GB of capacity, you can store around 500 music tracks.
Terabyte
Terabyte contains 1024 gigabytes. A prefix Tera suggests a trillion of bytes. In the binary system, it would represent 1024 Gigabytes. 1TB is a lot of storage space and to put it in perspective; it can store around a million photos. Nowadays most of the hard drives come in the rage of 1 to 3 TB
Petabyte
A petabyte is almost one quadrillion bytes. In computer binary system, a petabyte is 1024 terabytes of data. This size is quite hard to imagine practically. Nowadays most of the modern technology processors and servers store over petabytes of information. To put it in perspective, one petabyte sized memory can store over 10,000 hours of TV programming shows.
Exabyte
Exabyte or EB is a very large unit of data storage. 1 EB = 1000 Petabytes.
Hope this clears up the air!
