EMV代表Europay、Mastercard和VISA。EMV卡是这三家公司的共同努力，旨在为持卡人的安全打造更好的卡。普通借记卡有一个磁条，其中包含持卡人的所有账户信息，而EMV卡则有一个芯片。芯片更难克隆，因此与磁条卡相比，对卡的保护更好。本文着眼于两种类型的EVM卡：(EVM)芯片(Chip)和PIN卡和芯片(Chip)和签名(Signature)卡。
什么是 EMV 信用卡
虽然世界其他地区已经使用EMV卡很长时间了，但由于更换可以读取(EMV)EMV卡的终端所涉及的成本，美国迟迟没有采用这些卡。带有磁卡的卡中的信息很容易被欺诈者窃取，他们随后通过在暗网上购物或出售信息来利用这些信息为自己谋取利益。
EMV信用卡的变化主要是因为大型实体和在线零售商出现大量数据泄露。由于增加了安全协议，芯片(Chip)卡几乎不可能对非法获得的信用卡号码做任何事情。
阅读我们关于信用卡掠夺(Credit Card skimming)的文章，了解欺诈者如何从磁条卡中窃取信息。
EMV 卡(EMV cards)也称为IC（集成电路）卡(IC (Integrated circuits) cards)，因为该芯片基本上是一种固件类型的芯片，包含进行借记和贷记交易所需的信息。截至目前，以下公司提供并支持EMV卡：
- 万事达卡（包括 EuroPay）
- 签证
- JCB
- 美国运通
- 中国银联和
- 发现
有这么多公司提供与EMV(EMVs)的兼容性，这些卡可以在世界任何地方使用。直到最近，美国才要求机构向其用户提供基于芯片的卡。一些这样的机构是美国运通(American Express)、美国(America)银行(Bank)、巴克莱卡(Barclay Card)、第一资本(Capital One)、摩根大通(JP Morgan)、花旗银行和(Citibank)Discover等(Discover)。根据您的需要，您可以更换磁卡或获得一张EMV卡作为现有卡的补充。
EMV 卡有两种类型：
- 芯片和密码
- 芯片和签名
芯片卡和密码卡
为了打击非法使用卡，每笔交易都必须由持卡人进行一些活动。此活动可能是输入类似于借记卡PIN的(PINs)PIN，也可以是持卡人的签名。根据需要携带的内容，EMV卡分为芯片(Chip)和PIN卡或芯片(Chip)和签名(Signature)卡。
芯片(Chip)和PIN卡要求持卡人输入一个四位数的PIN 码(PIN)，类似于ATM借记卡中使用的 PIN 码。但是，并非每个机构都接受CHIP和PIN卡。更适用于无人终端，如停车位、自动售票等。持卡人只需刷卡进入打印。
当交易终端没有服务员时，芯片卡和密码卡很有用。(PIN)大多数其他交易者更喜欢持卡人的签名。
阅读(Read)：您如何保护自己免受Carding 信用卡欺诈(Carding credit card fraud)？
芯片和签名卡
从名称可以看出，芯片(Chip)卡和签名(Signature)卡要求持卡人在机器读取卡芯片后出现的一张纸上签名。大多数交易者更喜欢签名而不是PIN，因为签名意味着更好的防盗卡保证。超市等有服务员的地方，芯片(Chip)和签名EMV卡使用较多。
大多数银行为您提供芯片(Chip)和签名(Signature)卡，因为它们比芯片(Chip)和密码(PIN)更安全。甚至芯片(Chip)和PIN 码(PIN)也是安全的，因为一旦交易完成，数据就会从读卡器中删除。
与带有磁条的普通卡相比，“芯片和 PIN”卡和“芯片和签名”卡都提高了安全级别。使用EVM卡，无需担心数据被盗。
Merchants need to upgrade their point-of-sale (POS) terminals and ATMs. The new cards and card readers require the use of a PIN or signature. But some terminals only allow PIN authentication, rather than a signature. These sorts of terminals are common in kiosks in Europe and may grow in popularity. And it’s these terminals that won’t be able to process cards without PINs—such as our current magnetic stripe cards, says Microsoft.
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What are 'Chip and PIN' or EMV Credit Cards
EMV stands for Europay, Mastercard, and VISA. EMV cards are a joint effort by these three companies to create better cards for the safety of cardholders. While the regular debit cards have a magnetic stripe containing all the account information of the cardholder, the EMV cards have a chip instead. The chips are harder to clone and hence the protection of cards is better when compared to magnetic strip cards. This article looks at EVM cards that are of two types: Chip & PIN and Chip & Signature cards.
What Are EMV Credit Cards
While the rest of the world has been using EMV cards for a long time now, the US has been late to adopt the cards – due to costs involved in changing the terminals that can read EMV cards. The information in cards with magnetic cards can easily be stolen by fraudsters who later use the information for their own benefit by shopping or selling off the information on the darknet.
The change to EMV credit cards is happening primarily because of the massive data leaks seen at large brick-and-mortar and online retailers. Chip cards will make it nearly impossible to do anything with illegally acquired credit card numbers because of the increased security protocols.
Read our article on Credit Card skimming to know how fraudsters steal information from magnetic stripe cards.
EMV cards are also known as IC (Integrated circuits) cards as the chip is basically a firmware type chip containing the information required to conduct debit and credit transactions. As of now, the following companies provide and support EMV cards:
- Mastercard (includes EuroPay)
- VISA
- JCB
- American Express
- China UnionPay and
- Discover
With so many companies offering compatibility with the EMVs, the cards can be useful anywhere in the world. Only recently did the US ask institutions to provide chip-based cards to their users. Some such institutions are American Express, Bank of America, Barclay Card, Capital One, JP Morgan, Citibank, and Discover among others. You can get your magnetic card replaced or get one EMV card as an addition to the existing card, depending upon your needs.
The EMV Cards are of two types:
- Chip and PIN
- Chip and Signature
Chip and PIN Cards
To counter the illegal use of cards, each transaction must be followed by some activity by the cardholder. This activity could be entering a PIN similar to the debit card PINs or can be the card holder’s signature. Based on what needs to be accompanied, EMV cards are categorized into Chip and PIN or Chip and Signature cards.
A Chip and PIN card requires the cardholder to enter a four-digit PIN similar to the ones used in ATM with debit cards. However, not every institution accepts CHIP and PIN cards. They are better used at unmanned terminals such as parking places, automatic ticketing, etc. The cardholder just swipes the card and enters a print.
Chip and PIN cards are useful when there are no attendants present at the transaction terminals. The majority of other traders prefer cardholders’ signature.
Read: How do you protect yourself against Carding credit card fraud?
CHIP and Signature Cards
As evident from the name, Chip and Signature cards require the cardholders to sign on a piece of paper that comes up after a machine reads the card’s chip. Most traders prefer a signature to a PIN because a signature would mean a better guarantee of anti-theft cards. Where there are attendants such as the supermarkets, Chip and signature EMV cards are used more.
Most of the banks offer you the Chip and Signature card as they are more secure compared to Chip and PIN. Even Chip and PIN are secure as the data is erased from card readers as soon as the transaction is complete.
Both “Chip and PIN” and “Chip and Signature” cards increase the level of security over regular cards with magnetic strips. With EVM cards, one need not worry about data being stolen.
Merchants need to upgrade their point-of-sale (POS) terminals and ATMs. The new cards and card readers require the use of a PIN or signature. But some terminals only allow PIN authentication, rather than a signature. These sorts of terminals are common in kiosks in Europe and may grow in popularity. And it’s these terminals that won’t be able to process cards without PINs—such as our current magnetic stripe cards, says Microsoft.
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