您过去可能听说过网络协议，但可能对它的全部内容知之甚少。现在可以肯定的是，我们可以说针对特定用例设计了不同类型的网络协议。
我们不会在本文中解释所有不同类型的网络协议，但可以肯定的是，我们将讨论其中的两种。它们是SNMP（简单网络管理协议(Simple Network Management Protocol)）和 NTP（网络时间协议(Network Time Protocol)）。
什么是NTP和SNMP网络协议
这里的想法是确保到最后，您应该对这些协议的全部内容有更深入的了解，特别是对于那些希望在不久或遥远的将来进入网络世界的人。(Networking)别(Make)搞错了；你将学到很多东西。
- 什么是计算机网络？
- 什么是网络协议(Network Protocols)，您想知道吗？
- SNMP（简单网络管理协议(Simple Network Management Protocol)）解释
- NTP（网络时间协议(Network Time Protocol)）解释
让我们从更详细的角度讨论这个问题。
1]什么是计算机网络？
简而言之，计算机网络(computer network)是一组连接在一起以共享资源和进行通信的计算机系统。
2]什么是网络协议？
好的，所以网络协议包含设备相互通信的所有指令和标准，包括设备可以相互连接和识别的多种方式。
我们应该指出，一些网络具有确认消息和网络通信数据压缩的能力，这提供了提供高性能和可靠性的服务。
3] SNMP（简单网络管理协议(Simple Network Management Protocol)）解释
据我们了解，简单网络管理协议(Simple Network Management Protocol)( SNMP ) 是一种应用层协议，主要用于管理网络设备。当涉及到来自交换机、路由器、服务器、打印机和其他设备的宝贵网络数据时，SNMP能够处理所有这些数据。
我们还应该注意，SNMP 管理的网络中有两个组件。它们如下：
- 网络管理站 (NMS)(Network management station (NMS))：好的，所以NMS旨在通过要求网络上的设备显示特定数据来收集SNMP信息。(SNMP)不仅如此，您网络上的设备还可以通过发送SNMP警报（也称为陷阱）将潜在问题通知NMS 。请记住(Bear)，NMS软件仅在管理计算机上运行。
- 代理：(Agent)代理(Agent)软件的有趣之处在于它运行在通过NMS向(NMS)SNMP报告数据的托管设备上。
相关(Related)：如何(How to enable and configure SNMP service)在 Windows 11/10 中启用和配置 SNMP 服务？
4] NTP（网络时间协议(Network Time Protocol)）解释
NTP和SNMP一样，也是一种应用层协议。尽管如此，它仍用于主机之间TCP/IP网络上的时钟同步。NTP的总体设计是确保特定网络上的所有计算机都同意相同的时钟时间。
时间(Time)同步是必要的，因为差异会给网络管理员带来麻烦。例如，假设Active Directory域控制器和主机不能同时就时间达成一致。在这种情况下，您可能会发现登录您的 AD 域具有挑战性。
我们应该注意到NTP使用时间源的分层系统。在结构的最顶部是精确的来源，例如GPS或原子钟。这些时钟被广泛称为Stratum 0服务器，它们直接链接到Stratum 1服务器以及所有运行NTP的计算机，这些计算机为(NTP)Stratum 2服务器提供时间。
请注意，NTP使用客户端-服务器架构，其中一台主机被构建为NTP服务器，而其他主机被配置为NTP客户端。
阅读(READ)：如何查看 Wi-Fi 网络适配器设置。(How to view Wi-Fi Network Adapter settings.)
What are NTP and SNMP network protocols?
Chanceѕ are you’vе heard about network protocоl in the past but likely have little idea of what it is all about. For sure right now, we can say that there are different tуpes of network protocols designеd for specific use cases.
We will not explain all the different types of network protocols in this article, but for sure, we will talk about two of them. They are SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), and NTP (Network Time Protocol).
What are NTP and SNMP network protocols
The idea here is to make sure that by the end, you should have a deeper understanding of what these protocols are all about, especially for those who are looking into entering the world of Networking in the near or distant future. Make no mistake; you’re about to learn a lot.
- What is a Computer Network?
- What are Network Protocols, you wonder?
- SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) explained
- NTP (Network Time Protocol) explained
Let us discuss this from a more detailed perspective.
1] What is a Computer Network?
In short, a computer network is a group of computer systems connected to share resources and communicate.
2] What are Network Protocols?
OK, so a network protocol contains all the instructions and standards for devices communicating with each other, including multiple ways devices can connect and identify one another.
We should point out that some networks possess the ability to acknowledge messages and data compression for network communication, which provides a service that delivers high performance and reliability.
3] SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) explained
From our understanding, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an application layer protocol that is primarily used for managing network devices. When it comes down to valuable network data from switches, routers, servers, printers, and others, the SNMP is capable of manipulating all of that.
We should also note that there are two components within an SNMP-managed network. They are as follows:
- Network management station (NMS): OK, so NMS is designed to gather SNMP information by demanding the devices on the network to reveal specific data. Not only that, but devices on your network can notify the NMS about potential problems by dispatching an SNMP alert, also known as a trap. Bear in mind the NMS software runs on the administrative computer only.
- Agent: What’s interesting about the Agent software is that it runs on managed devices that report data to the SNMP via NMS.
Related: How to enable and configure SNMP service in Windows 11/10?
4] NTP (Network Time Protocol) explained
NTP, like SNMP, is also an application layer protocol. Still, it is used for clock synchronization on a TCP/IP network between the hosts. The overall design of NTP is to make sure all computers on a particular network agree on the same clock time.
Time synchronization is necessary because differences can make life difficult for network administrators. For example, suppose the Active Directory domain controller and the host computer cannot agree on a time simultaneously. In that case, you may find it challenging to log into your AD domain.
We should note that NTP uses a hierarchical system of time sources. At the very top of the structure are accurate sources such as GPS or atomic clocks. These clocks are widely known as Stratum 0 servers, which are directly linked to Stratum 1 servers along with all computers running NTP that provide the time to the Stratum 2 servers.
Note that NTP makes use of a client-server architecture where one host is constructed as an NTP server while the other hosts are configured as NTP clients.
READ: How to view Wi-Fi Network Adapter settings.
