在本文中，我们将讨论什么是 SNMP^{(what is SNMP)}以及如何在Windows 10中安装或启用和配置^{(Windows 10)}SNMP服务。代表简单网络管理协议的^{(Simple Network Management Protocol)}SNMP是一种标准的互联网协议，用于管理和管理通过 IP 连接的多个网络设备之间的通信。它使组织能够监控不同的网络设备，包括路由器、工作站、调制解调器、交换机、服务器、打印机等。大多数网络设备上已经配置了SNMP 。并且，一旦启用协议，设备性能统计数据就会被存储。

现在让我们讨论SNMP的主要组件。

SNMP的主要组成部分

以下是 SNMP 管理环境的关键组件：

SNMP 管理器：^{(SNMP manager:)}它是管理和监控SNMP网络的中央系统。它也称为网络管理站^{(Network Management Station)}( NMS )，运行在网络上的主机上。SNMP管理器基本上查询SNMP代理，获取请求，

SNMP 代理：^{(SNMP agent:)}它是一个软件进程，当它接收到SNMP查询时，它会给出网络节点的状态和统计信息。它是SNMP管理中的一个重要组件，用于收集、存储和传输监控数据给SNMP管理器。

受管设备：^{(Managed Devices:)}这些设备包括您要监控的所有启用 SNMP 的网络设备，例如打印机、路由器、无线设备等。

SNMP MIB： SNMP使用可扩展设计，其层次结构定义为使用对象标识符 ( OID^(OIDs) ) 网络实体管理的管理信息库^{(Management Information Base)}( MIB )。它主要被定义为SNMP管理模型中的信息交换格式。每个网络服务器都有MIB文件，需要查询这些文件以收集监控数据。

SNMP OID： OID又名对象标识符^{(Object Identifiers)}在MIB数据库中以树形结构组织，其中存在所有产品的可管理功能。

SNMP 版本

基本上存在三个版本的SNMP，它们是：

1. SNMPv1：在^(SNMPv1:)RFC 1155和 1157中定义的SNMP协议的第一个版本。
2. SNMPv2c：这是增强版本，在RFC 1901、RFC 1905和RFC 1906中定义。
3. SNMPv3：截至目前的最后一个SNMP版本，它也促进了^(SNMP)SNMP实体的远程配置。它是迄今为止最安全的版本，并在RFC 1905、RFC 1906、RFC 2571、RFC 2572、RFC 2574和RFC 2575中定义。

基本 SNMP 命令

以下是网络管理模型中使用的主要SNMP命令”^(SNMP)

• GET： SNMP管理^(SNMP)器向受管设备发送GET请求以接收一个或多个值。
• GET NEXT：此命令用于检索MIB树中的下一个OID值
• GET BULK：此命令用于从大型MIB表中查询和检索批量数据。
• SET：要编辑或添加受管设备的值，SNMP管理器使用此命令。
• TRAPS：此类命令由SNMP代理启动，以便在事件发生时向SNMP管理器发送信号。
• INFORM：由^(INFORM:)SNMP代理发起的另一个命令，包括SNMP管理器收到消息时的确认。
• 响应：^{(RESPONSE: )}此命令带回由SNMP管理器指示的操作的值或信号。

IT 组织可以使用PRTG Network Monitor^{(PRTG Network Monitor)}或Spiceworks Network Monitor等专用SNMP监控软件来管理和监控网络设备和性能统计数据。以下是SNMP监控工具的一些常见用途：

• 它用于发现、管理、组织和监视组织中的网络设备。
• 它可以全面了解网络设备的性能。
• 分析^(Analyze)连接网络设备的各种统计数据和信息，例如连接性、可用性、性能、带宽、流量、网络使用图等。
• 它允许为网络使用设置阈值限制。
• 它允许您在出现异常或不一致时触发警报。

现在，让我们看看如何安装和启用SNMP服务，然后在Windows 10上进行配置。

如何在Windows 11/10SNMP服务

SNMP曾经是Windows早期版本中的预装功能。但是，SNMP现在被视为已弃用，并在Windows 10版本 1809 及更高版本中成为可选功能/按需^(Demand)功能( FOD ) 。Windows 现在建议使用Windows 远程管理^{(Windows Remote Management)}支持的通用信息模型^{(Common Information Model)}( CIM ) 。

在最新的 Windows 10 版本中，可以使用可选功能选项通过设置^(Settings)应用程序安装和启用SNMP 。

以下是使用“设置”在Windows 10中启用和配置^{(Windows 10)}SNMP的步骤：

1. 单击Windows + I热键以打开设置应用程序。
2. 转到应用程序^(Apps)类别并移动到应用程序^(Apps)和功能选项卡。
3. 点击可选^(Optional)功能按钮。
4. 在新页面上，单击添加^(Add)功能按钮。
5. 向下滚动^(Scroll)到简单网络管理协议^{(Simple Network Management Protocol)}( SNMP ) 并选择它。
6. 按安装^(Install)按钮在您的 PC 上启用 SNMP。

如果您使用较旧的 Windows 10 版本甚至 Windows 8，您还可以使用控制面板^{(Control Panel)}在计算机上启用SNMP 。

只需^(Simply)使用以下步骤：

1. 使用Windows + R打开运行^(Run)并在其中输入“控制面板”，然后按Enter。
2. 转到程序^(Programs)和功能^(Features)，然后单击打开或关闭Windows^{(Turn Windows)}功能选项。
3. 在Windows 功能^{(Windows Features)}列表中，选择简单网络管理协议^{(Simple Network Management Protocol)}( SNMP )，然后按 OK 进行安装。

如何在Windows 10中配置^{(Windows 10)}SNMP服务

安装后，需要在Windows 10中配置^{(Windows 10)}SNMP服务。有两个主要的SNMP服务，包括：

• SNMP 服务^{(SNMP Service)}– 监控和发送信息的主要服务
• SNMP Trap – 接收来自SNMP代理的陷阱消息并将它们转发到SNMP管理软件。

这些服务必须在SNMP安装后自动启动。您可以从服务管理器^{(Services Manager)}检查和配置这些。只需按Windows + R热键打开“服务”应用程序即可调用^{(open the Services app)}“运行”^(Run)对话框并在其中输入“ services.msc ”。在“服务^(Servies)”窗口中，向下滚动到列表中的SNMP服务，查看它是否正在运行。如果它没有运行，只需单击“开始^(Start)”按钮即可启动SNMP服务。此外，将其启动类型设置为Automatic。

您可以进一步设置各种SNMP服务属性，包括代理、安全^{(Agent, Security,)}等。只需^(Just)右键单击SNMP服务并选择属性^(Properties)选项。

在“属性”窗口中，转到“代理^{( Agent)}”选项卡，您可以在其中配置SNMP代理信息。您可以添加联系人^(contact)和位置^(location)详细信息以指定用户或管理员的联系人姓名和计算机的物理位置。此外，您可以从接收监控数据的列表中启用或禁用五项服务，并将其发送到监控设备。这些服务包括物理、应用程序、数据链路和子网、互联网^{(Physical, Applications, Datalink and subnetwork, Internet,)}和端到端^(End-to-end)。

要为不同的SNMP^(SNMP)服务器配置一些与安全相关的设置，您可以转到“属性^(Properties)”窗口中的“安全^(Security)”选项卡。在Accepted community names 列表中，您可以查看和添加经过身份验证以发送SNMP请求的SNMP主机。^(SNMP)要添加社区，请单击“添加^(Add)”按钮并输入社区名称。您可以提供对特定社区的“无”、“通知”、“只读”、“读写”^{(None, Notify, READ ONLY, READ WRITE,)}或“读创建”访问权限。^{( READ CREATE)}

您可以在接受来自这些主机的 SNMP 数据包^{( Accept SNMP packets from these hosts)}列表中添加带有 IP 地址的SNMP监视服务器列表。这是为了指定接受SNMP数据包的服务器。如果您启用接受来自任何主机的SNMP数据包选项，则不会对SNMP代理实施任何 IP 限制以接收SNMP数据包。此选项不安全，因此不建议在公共计算机上使用。

IT 管理员可以进一步配置与 SNMP 相关的其他一些设置，并使用^(SNMP)SNMP管理软件和工具监控所有连接的网络设备。

希望本文能帮助您了解SNMP协议以及如何在Windows 10中启用和配置^{(Windows 10)}SNMP服务。

现在阅读：^{(Now read: )}Free Network and Internet Traffic Monitor Tools for Windows 11/10.

How to enable and configure SNMP service in Windows

In this article, wе аre goіng to disсuss what is SNMP and how to install or enable and configure SNMP service in Windows 10. SNMP which stands for Simple Network Management Protocol is a standard internet protocol that is used to govern and manage communication amongst multiple networking devices connected over an IP. It enables organizations to monitor different networking devices including routers, workstations, modems, switches, servers, printers, etc. SNMP is already configured on most of the networking devices. And, once the protocol is enabled, device performance statistics are stored.

Let us now discuss the main component of SNMP.

Main Components of SNMP

Here are the key components of an SNMP-managed environment:

SNMP manager: It is the central system that manages and monitors the SNMP network. It is also known as Network Management Station (NMS) and runs on a host on the network. The SNMP manager basically queries the SNMP agent, obtains requests,

SNMP agent: It is a software process that gives the status and statistics of a network node when it receives an SNMP query. It is an important component in SNMP management that collects, stores, and transmits monitoring data to SNMP managers.

Managed Devices: These devices include all SNMP-enabled networking devices that you want to monitor, such as printers, routers, wireless devices, etc.

SNMP MIB: SNMP uses an extensible design with hierarchies defined as Management Information Base (MIB) that uses object identifiers (OIDs) network entity management. It is mainly defined as the format of information exchange in an SNMP management model. Each of the network servers has MIB files that are queried to collect monitoring data.

SNMP OID: OID aka Object Identifiers are organized in the MIB database in a tree structure where manageable features of all products are present.

SNMP Versions

There are basically three versions of SNMP that are:

1. SNMPv1: The first version of SNMP protocol that is defined in RFC 1155 and 1157.
2. SNMPv2c: This is the enhanced version and is defined in RFC 1901, RFC 1905, and RFC 1906.
3. SNMPv3: The last version of SNMP as of now that also promotes remote configuration of SNMP entities. It is the most secure version as of yet and is defined in RFC 1905, RFC 1906, RFC 2571, RFC 2572, RFC 2574, and RFC 2575.

Basic SNMP Commands

Here are the main SNMP commands used in the network management model”

• GET: The SNMP manager sends GET requests to the managed devices to receive one or more values.
• GET NEXT: This command is used to retrieve the next OID value in the MIB tree
• GET BULK: This command is used to query and retrieve bulk data from a large MIB table.
• SET: To edit or add values of managed devices, this command is used by SNMP managers.
• TRAPS: Such command is started by an SNMP agent to send a signal to the SNMP manager when events occur.
• INFORM: Another command initiated by SNMP agent including a confirmation when SNMP manager receives the message.
• RESPONSE: This command carries back the values or signal of actions directed by the SNMP manager.

IT organizations can use dedicated SNMP monitoring software like PRTG Network Monitor or Spiceworks Network Monitor to manage and monitor networking devices and performance statistics. Here are some common uses of an SNMP monitoring tool:

• It is used to discover, manage, organize, and monitor network devices in an organization.
• It enables complete visibility of the performance of network devices.
• Analyze various statistics and information of connected network devices like connectivity, availability, performance, bandwidth, traffic, network usage graphs, and more.
• It allows to set up threshold limits for network usage.
• It lets you trigger alerts in case of exceptions or inconsistencies.

Now, let us check out how you can install and enable SNMP service and then configure it on Windows 10.

How to install and enable SNMP service in Windows 11/10

SNMP used to be a preinstalled feature in earlier versions of Windows. However, SNMP is now considered deprecated and is made an Optional Feature/ Feature on Demand (FOD) in Windows 10 version 1809 and later. Windows now recommend using Common Information Model (CIM) that is supported by Windows Remote Management.

In the latest Windows 10 builds, SNMP can be installed and enabled via the Settings app using the optional features option.

Here are the steps to enable and configure SNMP in Windows 10 using Settings:

1. Click Windows + I hotkey to open the Settings App.
2. Go to the Apps category and move to Apps & features tab.
3. Tap on the Optional features button.
4. On the new page, click on the Add a feature button.
5. Scroll down to Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and select it.
6. Press the Install button to enable SNMP on your PC.

You can also use Control Panel to enable SNMP on your computer if you use an older Windows 10 build or even Windows 8.

Simply use the following steps for that:

1. Open Run using Windows + R and enter “control panel” in it and press Enter.
2. Go to the Programs and Features and then click on the Turn Windows features on or off option.
3. In the Windows Features list, select Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and press OK to install it.

How to configure SNMP service in Windows 10

After installing, you need to configure the SNMP service in Windows 10. There are two main SNMP services that include:

• SNMP Service – main service to monitor and send information
• SNMP Trap – to receive trap messages from SNMP agents and forward them to SNMP management software.

These services must be started automatically after SNMP installation. You can check and configure these from the Services Manager. Simply open the Services app by pressing Windows + R hotkey to evoke Run dialog and entering “services.msc” in it. In the Servies window, scroll down to the SNMP service in the list and see if it is running or not. If it is not running, simply click the Start button to start the SNMP service. Also, set its startup type to Automatic.

You can further set up various SNMP service properties including Agent, Security, etc. Just right-click on the SNMP service and select the Properties option.

In the Properties window, go to the Agent tab where you can configure the SNMP agent information. You can add contact and location details to specify the user or administrator’s contact name and physical location of the computer. Furthermore, you can enable or disable five services from the list from which you receive monitoring data and send it to the monitoring device. These services include Physical, Applications, Datalink and subnetwork, Internet, and End-to-end.

To configure some security-related settings for different SNMP servers, you can go to the Security tab in the Properties window. In the Accepted community names list, you can view and add SNMP hosts that are authenticated for sending SNMP requests. To add a community, click on the Add button and type the community name. You can provide None, Notify, READ ONLY, READ WRITE, or READ CREATE access to a particular community.

You can add a list of SNMP monitoring servers with IP addresses in the list of Accept SNMP packets from these hosts. This is to specify the servers from which SNMP packets are accepted. In case you enable Accept SNMP packets from any host option, no IP restrictions will be enforced on the SNMP agent to receive SNMP packets. This option is not safe and hence is not recommended on public computers.

IT admins can further configure some other settings related to SNMP and monitor all connected networking devices using SNMP management software and tools.

Hopefully, this article helped you learn about SNMP protocol and how you can enable and configure SNMP service in Windows 10.

Now read: Free Network and Internet Traffic Monitor Tools for Windows 11/10.

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