任何计算机（移动或台式机）中最基本和最快的存储系统是其内部存储。在计算机语言中，它被称为硬盘(Hard Disk)，由许多磁盘组成——每个磁盘都有自己的内存读取器/写入器头。与电子产品一样，即使是硬盘(Hard)驱动器的寿命也有限，但有时它们会崩溃。这就是我们将在本文中讨论的内容。在讨论了硬盘故障的原因(why a hard disk fails)(why a hard disk fails) 远早于其估计寿命之后，我们将介绍如何从故障硬盘驱动器中恢复数据。(how to recover data from a failed hard drive)我们还讨论了如何知道硬盘驱动器是否出现故障。
硬盘故障
硬盘驱动器和设计的工作
硬盘驱动器在其估计寿命之前出现故障的原因可能有“n”个。硬盘的结构很精致——尽管从外面看起来很坚固。在内部，它是许多相互平行排列的薄磁板。对于每个板，至少有一个头用于读取和写入该板。如果硬盘驱动器 ( HDD ) 支持双面写入，则预计每个板有两个磁头。同样(Again)，这些磁头的定位方式不会干扰板加磁头的对齐。硬盘驱动器(Hard Disk Drive)的下图显示了板和磁头如何在它所穿的坚固护套内对齐，以提供更好的保护。
如果由于任何原因，对齐被破坏 - 一个或多个印版无法读取。在某些情况下，如果文件分配表被破坏，如果不使用(File Allocation Table)硬盘(Hard)恢复工具，整个硬盘(HDD)将无法读取。下图显示了不正确的对齐如何在两个或多个板之间产生摩擦。
硬盘故障的最常见原因是不正确的对齐，导致一个板接触另一个 - 从而破坏另一个或两个板上的数据。不正确对齐的最常见原因是硬盘驱动器(Hard Drive Disk)处理不当。不要被硬盘(HDD)的硬壳所束缚。它确实可以防止小冲击，但磁盘仍然很脆弱，一点点干扰就会破坏整个硬盘。
硬盘驱动器发生故障的其他原因之一是通风不当。HDD内的磁盘不断旋转，磁头不断读取它们。由于摩擦，这会产生一定量的热量。如果硬盘驱动器(Hard Disk Drive)的通风口被堵塞，或者如果硬盘(HDD)驱动器被粗暴地使用而没有破裂——随着时间的推移，它们可能会损坏盘子和/或磁头——导致硬盘(HDD)驱动器崩溃！
阅读(Read)：如何在 Windows 11/10 中为即时硬盘备份创建镜像卷。(create Mirrored Volume for Instant Hard Drive Backup)
如何知道硬盘驱动器(Hard Drive)是否出现故障？
在大多数情况下，您可以感觉到它。就像驾驶汽车一样，如果你必须为汽油施加一点额外的动力，你就会知道你的一个轮胎需要空气。同样，故障硬盘也会发出警告。查找以下内容：
- 机器的声音——或者死亡之歌的咔哒声。
- (Heat)在HDD(HDD)所在位置的上方和周围加热
以上只是需要验证您的硬盘驱动器出现故障的提示。有一些免费工具可以帮助您检查硬盘是否存在问题。如果他们认为您可以解决硬盘故障的问题，其中一些甚至会提供解决方案。阅读我们关于免费软件以监控硬盘驱动器(freeware to monitor hard disk drive)的文章，了解有关该主题的详细信息。
阅读(Read)：RAM 故障的迹象是什么(What are the signs of RAM failure)？
硬盘恢复
如果您可以访问部分硬盘，您可能可以运行CHKDSK来扫描和恢复损坏的分区。阅读有关在 Windows 操作系统中使用 CHKDSK的信息。(using CHKDSK)
还有一些免费和付费工具。如果您的硬盘驱动器没有受到太大损坏，那么免费的就很好。如果它被严重压碎，您可能不得不致电专业人士，他们将使用自己的方法分析硬盘的每个盘子。但是，只有在您自己尝试（使用软件而不是手动）从损坏的磁盘中恢复数据之后，才建议这样做。有关更多详细信息，请阅读我们关于免费软件从损坏的硬盘中恢复数据(freeware to recover data from damaged hard disks)的文章。
相关(Related)：硬盘自行擦除！我该怎么办？
硬盘维护技巧
硬盘(Hard)最终会出现故障——总有一天。每个电子设备都会在某个时间点发生故障。最好的方法是继续制作备份副本。有许多免费服务，如Mozy、OneDrive和Google Drive，可让您备份到云端。您也可以备份到外部硬盘——这取决于您的预算和其他偏好。
无论如何，硬盘维护并不是一项艰巨的任务。一些简单的任务将确保您的硬盘寿命更长且运行顺畅。
1. 第一件事是 –小心处理(HANDLE WITH CARE)。这适用于所有类型的电子产品。您的硬盘驱动器可能很坚固，从而减少跌落时损坏的机会。但是为什么要冒险呢？确保(Make)将笔记本电脑和平板电脑放在易于握持的箱子中。将它们放在儿童接触不到的地方，远离高温和潮湿。
2. 节省定位和检索数据以及写入数据所需的旋转次数。这可以通过定期碎片整理来实现。与我们大多数人一样，我们经常倾向于忘记重要的计算机维护任务。如果您使用的是Windows Vista及更高版本，我建议您使用SmartDefrag之类的自动碎片整理程序，或者更好 - 将“ (SmartDefrag)defrag c: /x/h ”添加到不带引号的任务计划程序中。(Task Scheduler)我建议至少每月进行一次碎片整理。
3. 使用Windows 操作系统(Windows Operating System)中的电源选项(Power Options)如果您要离开计算机一段时间，请关闭硬盘驱动器。就我而言，它是20分钟。如果我 20 分钟不使用电脑，硬盘会自动关闭。
4. 使用Acronis(Acronis)等免费软件之一密切关注HDD温度。如果您收到警告说HDD比应有的温度高。检查通风口是否正常打开以及风扇等是否正常工作。
5.使用WMIC或Windows Management Instrumentation Command-line在Windows 11/10/8/7检查硬盘(Check up Hard Disk Health)运行状况。
这就是为什么硬盘发生故障以及如何从损坏的硬盘驱动器中恢复数据的结论。如果您有任何我没有在这里介绍的硬盘维护技巧，请与我们分享。(This concludes why hard disks fail and how to recover data from damaged hard disk drives. If you have any hard disk maintenance tips I did not cover here, please share it with us.)
Hard Drive Failure, Recovery, Repair, Causes, Prevention, Maintenance
The most bаsic and fastest storage system in any computer – mobile or desktop – is its internal ѕtorage. In cоmputer language, it is termed Hard Disk and comprises of a number of disks – each with its own memory reader/writer head. As wіth electronics, even Hard Drives have a limited life but ѕometimes they just crash. That iѕ what wе will talk about in thiѕ article. We will cover how to recover data from a failed hard drive after discussing why a hard disk fails much earlier than its estimated life span. We also discuss how to know if a hard drive is failing.
Hard Drive Failure
Working Of Hard Drives & Design
There can be ‘n’ number of reasons why hard drives fails much before its estimated life span. The structure of the hard disk is a delicate one – even though it looks tough from outside. Inside, it is a number of thin magnetic plates aligned in parallel to each other. For each plate, there is a minimum one head for reading from and writing to that plate. If the hard disk drive (HDD) supports both sides write, expect two heads for each plate. Again, these heads are positioned in a way that they do not disturb the alignment of plates plus heads. The following figure of Hard Disk Drive shows how the plates and heads are aligned inside the tough jacket it wears for better protection.
If due to any reason, the alignment is spoiled – one or more plates go unreadable. In some cases, if the File Allocation Table is destroyed, the entire HDD will be unreadable without usage Hard disk recovery tools. The following figure shows you how an improper alignment can create friction among two or more plates.
The most common reason for hard disk failure is an improper alignment that makes one plate touch the other – thereby destroying data on the other or both plates. And the most common reason for improper alignment is the mishandling of the Hard Drive Disk. Do not go by the tough jacket of HDD. It does protect from small shocks but the disks are still vulnerable and a little disturbance can destroy the entire hard disk.
Among other reasons why hard disk drives fail is improper venting. The disks inside the HDD keep on spinning and the heads are constantly reading them. This creates a certain amount of heat due to friction. If the vents of Hard Disk Drive are clogged or if the HDD is used roughly without breaks – over time, they may spoil the plates and/or the heads – leading to HDD crash!
Read: How to create Mirrored Volume for Instant Hard Drive Backup in Windows 11/10.
How To Know If Hard Drive Is Failing?
In most cases, you can sense it. Like with driving a car, if you have to exert a little extra power for gas, you know one of your tires needs air. Similarly, a failing hard disk can give away warnings. Look for the following:
- Sounds from the machine – or the click of death anthem.
- Heat just above and around the place where your HDD is seated
The above are just hints that need to be verified that your hard disk drive is failing. There are some free tools that help you check the hard disk for possible problems. Some of them even offer solutions if they think you can solve the issue of hard disk failing. Read our article on freeware to monitor hard disk drive for details on the topic.
Read: What are the signs of RAM failure?
Hard Drive Recovery
If you can access parts of your hard disk, you can probably run CHKDSK to scan and recover corrupt partitions. Read about using CHKDSK in Windows operating system.
There are some free and paid tools too. The free ones are good if your hard disk drive is not damaged much. If it is heavily crushed, you might have to call a professional who’ll analyze each plate of your hard disk using their own methods. But that is recommended only after you tried on your own – using software and not manually – to recover data from the damaged disk. For more details, read our article on freeware to recover data from damaged hard disks.
Related: Hard drive wiped itself! What do I do?
Hard Drive Maintenance Tips
Hard disks will fail eventually – someday or the other. Every electronic device fails at some point of time. The best method is to keep making backup copies. There are plenty of free services such as Mozy, OneDrive, and Google Drive that allow you to back up to the cloud. You may also back up to an external hard disk – depending upon your budget and other preferences.
Anyway, hard disk maintenance is not a tough task. A few simple tasks will make sure your hard disk lives longer and works smoothly.
1. The first thing is – HANDLE WITH CARE. This applies to all types of electronics. Your hard disk drive may be rugged thereby reducing chances of damage upon falling. But why take the risk? Make sure you are carrying your laptops and tablets in cases that are easy to hold on. Keep them out of reach of children and away from heat and humidity.
2. Save on the number of rotations required to locate and retrieve data as well as to write data. This can be achieved by regular defragmentation. As with most of us, we often tend to forget important computer maintenance tasks. I would suggest either an auto-defrag program such as SmartDefrag or better still if you are using Windows Vista and later – add ‘defrag c: /x /h‘ to Task Scheduler without the quotes. I recommend defragmentation at least once a month.
3. Using Power Options in Windows Operating System shut down the hard disk drives if you are leaving the computer for a while. In my case, it is for 20 minutes. If I am not using the computer for 20 minutes, the hard disks are turned off automatically.
4. Keep eyes on HDD temperature using one of the freeware such as Acronis. If you get an alert saying the HDD is hotter than it should be. Check to see if the vents are open properly and fans etc. are working.
5. Check up Hard Disk Health natively in Windows 11/10/8/7 using WMIC or Windows Management Instrumentation Command-line.
This concludes why hard disks fail and how to recover data from damaged hard disk drives. If you have any hard disk maintenance tips I did not cover here, please share it with us.
