在了解坏扇区(Bad Sectors)以及如何修复坏扇区之前，您应该了解扇区及其作用。这篇文章解释了扇区、坏扇区，并告诉你如何修复坏扇区。所有磁存储设备都有扇区。这是使用计算机时在本地存储数据的地方。一个例子是硬盘驱动(HDD)器。
硬盘和 SSD 上的扇区
您的硬盘驱动器(Disk Drive)( HDD ) 包含多个用于存储数据的磁化磁盘。这些磁化磁盘被称为盘片(platters)。盘片可以在一侧或两侧包含数据 - 取决于您使用的HDD品牌。(HDD)因此，它包含的Read/Write磁头数量可以等于磁盘的数量（单面）或双倍磁盘数量（如果磁盘用于双面）。
每个磁化磁盘分为磁道和扇区。轨道是不可见的同心圆，直径有规律地变化，标记在每个磁盘上。扇区(The sector)是计算机一次可以读取或写入的最小数据大小。当数据写入文件时，它们（文件）分布在许多扇区 - 称为集群。(cluster. )每个集群都有自己的 ID，以便读/写头可以获取或存储数据。该文件可能会或可能不会存储在单个轨道中；它可以划分为不同的轨道和不同的集群（如碎片整理文件中）。
硬盘驱动器(Disk Drive)上的一个扇区可以保存 512 字节的数据。一些高级HDD可以在一个扇区中保存4K 位的数据。
什么是坏扇区？
坏扇区是计算机无法访问的扇区，(A bad sector is a sector that cannot be accessed by the computer)被某些软件或物理事故破坏。如果您从 2 米处掉落HDD，则某些扇区可能会变得不可用。 与SSD(SSDs)相比，HDD(HDDs)很脆弱。SSD对潜在冲击的抵抗力最强。这是有关HDD 与 SSD(HDD vs SSD)的更多信息。
如果硬盘(HDD)上有坏扇区，则无法访问存储在扇区中的数据。SSD(SSDs)（固态驱动器）也有扇区，但它们被称为块(blocks)。SSD(SSDs)没有为操作系统进行数据读/写操作而磁化和消磁的旋转磁盘。但在这种情况下，也有扇区损坏的可能性。
通常，扇区损坏表示HDD出现故障，可能会引起关注。在SSD(SSDs)中，即使有一些坏扇区也不必惊慌，因为它们并不意味着SSD出现故障。但为了安全起见，在任何一种情况下都请继续备份磁盘。
修复坏扇区
对扇区造成的损坏有两种类型：物理(Physical)和逻辑(Logical)。物理损坏无法修复，而软逻辑损坏可以使用内置命令CHKDSK Windows 磁盘错误检查工具或第三方磁盘错误检查软件进行修复。
对坏(Bad)扇区使用命令行CHKDSK
发现和修复坏扇区的最简单方法是使用DOS（磁盘操作系统(Disk Operating System)）命令行 CHKDSK(command-line CHKDSK)。
- 按 Windows 键和 R。
- 将出现运行(Run)命令对话框
- (Type CMD)在运行(Run)命令对话框中键入 CMD ，然后Enter/Return键
- 在Command Prompt的黑色窗口中，键入CHKDSK /F C: 并按 Enter
- 该命令将扫描您的 C 盘。
- 如果要检查另一个磁盘，请使用该驱动器字母，例如 D: 或 G:
- /F 表示该命令必须在它扫描的存储磁盘上查找并修复错误
一旦您发出CHKDSK命令，计算机可能不会开始扫描错误。它可能会要求您重新启动计算机，以便该命令对计算机存储设备的根目录（通常是 C 驱动器）具有独占访问权限。(Normally C Drive)
阅读(Read)：How to Migrate Windows 11/10 from HDD to SSD free。
使用Windows 磁盘错误检查工具(Windows Disk Error Checking Tool)
- 打开文件资源管理器(Open File Explorer)并右键单击要检查和修复的驱动器。
- 从出现的上下文菜单中，选择标记为Properties的选项。
- 在单击“属性”后出现的对话框中，单击“工具(Tools)”选项卡。
- 您将看到一个运行错误检查(Error Checking)工具的选项。点击(Click)立即(Check Now)检查
- 在出现的对话框中，选择两个选项 >自动修复文件系统错误(Automatically fix file system errors)和扫描并尝试恢复坏扇区(Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors)
- 错误检查器工具(Error Checker Tool)也可能会要求您重新启动，以便它可以在开始扫描之前访问根驱动器。
使用第三方软件修复坏道和恢复数据
有几个第三方磁盘错误检查软件(third-party disk error checking software)声称可以修复坏扇区并从中检索数据。此类软件可能是免费的或付费的。如果您向我寻求建议，EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard是一个不错的免费选择。(EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard)
相关(Related)： 如何保护固态硬盘并延长 SSD 寿命。
What are Bad Sectors? How do you repair Bad Sectors?
Before understanding Bad Sectors and how to repair bad sectors, you should know about sectors and what they do. This post explains sectors, bad sectors, and tells you how to repair bad sectors. All magnetic storage devices have sectors. This is where data is stored locally when using computers. An example is the HDD.
Sectors on Hard Disks and SSD
Your Hard Disk Drive (HDD) contains more than one magnetized disk to store data. These magnetized disks are known as platters. A platter can contain data on one side or on both sides – depending upon the make of HDD you are using. Accordingly, it contains a number of Read/Write heads that can be equal to the number of disks (single-sided) or double the number of disks in case the disks are used on both sides.
Each magnetized disk is divided into tracks and sectors. Tracks are invisible concentric circles with regularly varying diameters, marked on each disk. The sector is the smallest size of data that can be read or written, at a time, by a computer. When data is written into files, they (files) are spread across many sectors – called a cluster. Each cluster has its own ID so that the read/write heads can fetch or store data. The file may or may not be stored in a single track; it could be divided over different tracks and different clusters (as in defragmented files).
A sector on a Hard Disk Drive can hold 512 bytes of data. Some advanced HDD can hold 4K bits of data in a sector.
What are Bad Sectors?
A bad sector is a sector that cannot be accessed by the computer, being destroyed either by some software or by physical accidents. If you drop an HDD from 2 meters, the chances are that some of the sectors may become unusable. HDDs are fragile as compared to SSDs. SSD is most resistant to potential shocks. Here is more information on HDD vs SSD.
Data stored in sectors cannot be accessed in case of bad sectors on HDD. The SSDs (solid-state drives) also have sectors but they are called blocks. The SSDs don’t have rotating disks that are magnetized and demagnetized for data read/write operations by the operating system. But in this case, too, there are possibilities of sector damage.
Usually, sector damage indicates a failing HDD and may be a cause for concern. In SSDs, there is no need to panic even if there are some bad sectors because they don’t mean a failing SSD. But keep backing up the disks in either case, to be on the safe side.
Repair Bad Sectors
There are two types of damage done to sectors: Physical and Logical. The physical damages cannot be repaired while the soft logical damages can be repaired using the inbuilt command CHKDSK Windows Disk Error Checking Tool, or a third party disk error checking software.
Using command-line CHKDSK for Bad Sectors
The easiest method to discover and repair bad sectors is to use the DOS (Disk Operating System) command-line CHKDSK.
- Press Windows Key along with R.
- The Run command dialog box will appear
- Type CMD in the Run command dialog box and hit Enter/Return key
- In the black window of Command Prompt, type CHKDSK /F C: and press Enter
- The command will scan your C Drive.
- If you want to check another disk, use that drive alphabet like D: or G:
- /F indicates that the command has to find and repair errors on the storage disks it scans
It may happen that the computer will not start scanning for errors as soon as you issue the CHKDSK command. It may ask you to restart the computer so that the command has exclusive access to the root (Normally C Drive) of your computer’s storage devices.
Read: How to Migrate Windows 11/10 from HDD to SSD free.
Using Windows Disk Error Checking Tool
- Open File Explorer and right-click on the drive that you want to check and repair.
- From the context menu that appears, select the option labeled Properties.
- In the dialog box that appears after clicking on Properties, click on the tab saying Tools.
- You will see an option to run Error Checking tool. Click on Check Now
- In the dialog box that appears, select both options > Automatically fix file system errors and the Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors
- The Error Checker Tool too may ask you to reboot so that it can gain access to the root drive before starting the scan.
Using third party software to repair bad sectors and recover data
There are several third-party disk error checking software that claim to repair bad sectors and retrieve data from them. Such software may be free or paid. EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard is a good free option if you ask me for a recommendation.
Related: How to protect Solid State Drive and extend SSD life.
