BCD 或称为引导配置数据^{(Boot Configuration Data)}包含有关如何启动Windows的引导配置参数。如果配置文件损坏，您将不得不重建BCD或引导配置数据^{(Boot Configuration Data)}文件。通常，当BCD损坏时，会导致Windows 11/10上出现无法启动的情况。

在早期版本的Windows中，启动信息存储在Boot.ini 文件^{(Boot.ini file)}中。在基于EFI的操作系统上，您将在EFI固件启动管理器中找到该条目，该条目位于 – \EFI\Microsoft\Boot\Bootmgfw.efi。

在 Windows 11/10 中重建 BCD

BCD或引导配置数据^{(Boot Configuration Data)}是一个独立于固件的数据库文件，它具有引导时配置数据。它是Windows 启动管理器^{(Windows Boot Manager)}所必需的，它取代了NTLDR之前使用的boot.ini 。在启动问题的情况下，您可能需要重建BCD。

1. 将您的计算机启动到高级恢复模式
2. 高级选项^{(Advanced Options)}下可用的启动命令提示符^{(Command Prompt)}。
3. 要重建 BCD^{(rebuild the BCD)}或引导配置数据^{(Boot Configuration Data)}文件，请使用命令 – bootrec /rebuildbcd
4. 它将扫描其他操作系统并让您选择要添加到BCD的操作系统。

如果这没有帮助，您可以手动设置引导路径。但是，仅当您是专家时才这样做，因为它可能会产生问题。

在命令提示符^{(Command Prompt)}中，键入以下命令并按Enter：

bcdboot c:\windows /s c:

BCDboot 工具是一个命令行工具，可让您管理系统分区文件。如果系统分区已损坏，您可以使用BCDboot将系统分区文件替换为Windows分区中这些文件的新副本。

请注意，您必须将计算机启动到高级恢复模式^{(Advanced Recovery Mode)}，然后执行此命令，否则您可能会在尝试复制启动文件^{(Failure when attempting to copy boot files)}错误消息时看到失败。

当你运行这个命令时，它会给你一个新的Bootloader。这里的“c”是系统^(System)驱动器。仅当您知道安装Windows的确切驱动器时才应执行此操作。

最后，我们建议您查看这篇文章，了解如何修复和重建 MBR^{(repair & rebuild MBR)}或主引导记录^{(Master Boot Record)}。如果您对这些命令不满意，则可以使用EasyBCD 或 Dual-Boot Repair等第三方工具来修复您的 BCD 文件。

阅读^(Read)：如何在 Windows中修复 EFI 引导加载程序。

重建 BCD 会删除文件吗？

不，重建BCD不会删除文件。Bootrec.exe、 fixmbr bootrec.exe、 fixboot 和 bootrec.exe 帮助我们修复启动文件，不会影响任何个人文件和文件夹。

相关阅读：^{(Related reading:)} Windows无法启动；自动启动修复、刷新、重置 PC 也失败^{(Windows fails to boot; Automatic Startup Repair, Refresh, Reset PC also fails)}

How to rebuild BCD or Boot Configuration Data file in Windows 11/10

BCD оr otherwise known as Boot Configuration Data contains boot configuration parameters on how to start your Windows. If the configuration file gets corrupted, you will have to rebuild BCD or Boot Configuration Data file. Usually, when BCD gets corrupted, it results in unbootable situations on Windows 11/10.

In earlier versions of Windows, the boot information was stored in the Boot.ini file. On EFI-based operating system, you’ll find the entry in the EFI firmware boot manager, which is available at – \EFI\Microsoft\Boot\Bootmgfw.efi.

Rebuild BCD in Windows 11/10

BCD or Boot Configuration Data is a firmware-independent database file which has boot-time configuration data. It is required by Windows Boot Manager and replaces the boot.ini that was used by NTLDR earlier. In the case of boot problems, you may be required to rebuild BCD.

1. Boot your computer into Advanced Recovery Mode
2. Launch Command Prompt available under Advanced Options.
3. To rebuild the BCD or Boot Configuration Data file use the command – bootrec /rebuildbcd
4. It will scan for other operating systems and let you select the OS’s you want to add to BCD.

If this does not help, you can manually set the boot path. However, do so only if you are an expert, as it could create issues.

In the Command Prompt, type the following command and hit Enter:

bcdboot c:\windows /s c:

The BCDboot tool is a command-line tool that enables you to manage system partition files. If the system partition has been corrupted, you can use BCDboot to replace the system partition files with new copies of these files from the Windows partition.

Do note that you have to boot your computer into Advanced Recovery Mode and then execute this command, else you may see a Failure when attempting to copy boot files error message.

When you run this command, it will give you a new Bootloader. Here “c” is the System drive.  You should only do this when you know the exact drive on which Windows was installed.

Lastly, we recommend you take a look at this post to how to repair & rebuild MBR or Master Boot Record. If you are not comfortable with the commands, then you can use third-party tools such as EasyBCD or Dual-Boot Repair to repair your BCD file.

Read: How to repair the EFI bootloader in Windows.

Does rebuilding BCD delete files?

No, rebuilding BCD does not delete files. Bootrec.exe, fixmbr bootrec.exe, fixboot and bootrec.exe help us to repair the boot files, which will not affect any of the personal files and folder.

Related reading: Windows fails to boot; Automatic Startup Repair, Refresh, Reset PC also fails

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