甘特(Gantt)图是跟踪项目的一种流行方式，特别是对于需要牢记任务持续时间的团队而言。通过有效地使用甘特(Gantt)图，您可以确保不同的任务不会相互干扰，甚至可以确定一个任务应该何时完成以便另一个任务可以开始。
制作甘特(Gantt)图有多种方法，但在本文中，我们将向您展示如何在您可能可用的程序中制作一种：Microsoft Excel。虽然在管理大量任务时它可能不会超过定制软件，但对于小型项目来说，它是一个非常好的选择。
如何在Microsoft Excel中创建(Microsoft Excel)甘特图(Gantt Charts)
在Excel(Excel)中创建甘特(Gantt)图的好处是您可能已经拥有电子表格的副本并且知道如何使用它。如果没有，我们建议您查看我们的Excel 教程(Excel tutorial)。最新版本的Microsoft Excel（我们在本指南中使用Office Online，尽管您也可以免费获得 Office 365(Office 365 for free)）包含甘特(Gantt)模板，所以在我们向您展示如何制作自己的模板之前，让我们快速浏览一下.
Microsoft Excel 甘特图模板(Microsoft Excel Gantt Template)
在开始从头开始构建图表之前，请注意Excel中包含(Excel)甘特图(Gantt)模板。如果您使用的是Office Online，它是Excel主屏幕中可用的工作簿(Workbooks)之一
甘特(Gantt)图模板非常好。您可以在表格中输入数据，然后表格会自动将数据导出到倒置条形图中。我们建议稍微弄乱一下，看看Excel 甘特(Excel Gantt)图有什么可能。但是，该模板有点不灵活，所以如果它不适合您，那么您将不得不从头开始构建您的甘特图。(Gantt)
制作自己的甘特图(Making Your Own Gantt Chart)
- 如果您希望事情完全按照您喜欢的方式进行，则需要从空白工作簿开始。为此，请从最顶部的栏中选择按钮新建空白工作簿(new blank workbook)（一直到左侧），然后等待它加载。完成后，您将看到一个空白电子表格。
- 在制作甘特(Gantt)图之前，您需要整理一些数据。出于说明目的，我们假设我们有五个任务，并将它们编号为 1 到 5。这些进入 A 列。在 B 列中，添加一些虚构的开始日期，四个任务 - 确保单元格设置为接受日期。最后，在 C 列中，以天为单位设置每个任务的持续时间。
如果需要，您还可以在 C 列中添加结束日期，然后自动减去日期(subtract the dates automatically)并将结果持续时间显示在 D 列中。但是，仅出于设置甘特(Gantt)图的目的，开始日期和持续时间是足够。
- 准备好日期后，下一步是根据我们任务的开始日期创建一个堆叠图表。(stacked chart)为此，您需要选择表格中的所有数据，从 A1 到 C6，然后选择页面顶部的插入（阅读有关(insert)在 Excel 中制作图表的(making charts in Excel)所有内容）。
- 工具栏将变为多个图形选项，您需要转到图形选项并单击向下箭头。将出现一长串选项，在条(bars)下选择堆叠条(stacked bar)。确保不要选择称为 100% 堆叠条的那个，因为那不起作用。
- Microsoft Excel将开始工作，屏幕中间会弹出一个新图表。这是您的甘特(Gantt)图的开始，尽管您还没有到达那里。
- 一方面，您可能需要调整窗口大小（我们在上面的示例中已经这样做了），然后通过单击图表标题(chart title)框重命名图表。当你在它的时候，。还可以删除图表底部的图例（其中显示开始日期(start date)和持续时间(duration )），方法是选择它并按键盘上的Delete键。
- 接下来，您需要重新排序图表。现在，任务 5 位于顶部，任务 1 位于底部，它需要正好相反。要解决此问题，请右键单击图表上的任意位置，然后在出现的对话框中选择格式。(Format)
- 屏幕右侧将打开一个新的任务栏，名为“图表”。(Chart.)” 从所有选项中，选择垂直轴(Vertical Axis)。
- 在展开的菜单中，选中显示以相反顺序(categories in reverse order)显示类别的设置旁边的框。这应该将任务 1 放在图表的顶部。
- 完成此操作后，只剩下一步，即从图表中删除代表开始日期的蓝色部分。毕竟，在甘特(Gantt)图中，您只关心任务的持续时间；蓝条只是碍事。
- 要摆脱它，请右键单击任何蓝条。会弹出另一个格式框；点击它。再次，您将打开右侧窗格。不过，这一次，我们需要单击系列“开始日期”的条目。(Series “Start Date.”)
- 在此菜单中，单击“填充(Fill)”项，然后在弹出的大颜色菜单上一直到底部并选择“无填充”(No fill)。
有了这个，你的甘特(Gantt)图就完成了。橙色框（如果需要，可以使用填充命令重新着色）显示正在处理某个任务的时间。
Excel中的甘特图
这应该足以让您开始制作自己的甘特(Gantt)图。尽管Excel提供的模板（更不用说量身定制的项目管理软件）如果您计划管理许多任务，可能是更好的选择，但如果您要跟踪少量任务，使用上述自制选项可能会更好。任务或想为演示文稿添加一些简单的味道。
How to Create Gantt Charts in Microsoft Excel
Gantt charts are a popular way to keep track of projects, especially for teams that need to keep the duration of a task in mind. By using a Gantt chart effeсtively, уou can make sure dіfferent taѕks don’t interfere with each other, and evеn determine when one should finish so another can start.
There are several ways to make Gantt charts, but in this article we’ll show you how to make one in a program that you probably have available: Microsoft Excel. Though it probably won’t outdo custom-made software when managing a large number of tasks, for small projects it’s a perfectly good alternative.
How to Create Gantt Charts in Microsoft Excel
The nice thing about creating a Gantt chart in Excel is that you probably already own a copy of the spreadsheet and know how to use it. If not, we recommend you check out our Excel tutorial. Most recent versions of Microsoft Excel (we’re using Office Online for this guide, though you can also get Office 365 for free) have a Gantt template included, so let’s take a quick look at that before we show you how to make your own.
Microsoft Excel Gantt Template
Before starting to build a chart from scratch, please note that there’s a Gantt template included in Excel. If you’re using Office Online, it’s one of the available Workbooks in Excel’s home screen
The Gantt chart template is pretty good. You can enter your data in a table, which then automatically exports the data into an inverted bar chart. We recommend messing with it a bit to see what’s possible with Excel Gantt charts. However, the template is a bit inflexible, so if it doesn’t work for you then you’ll have to build your Gantt charts from scratch.
Making Your Own Gantt Chart
- If you want things to be exactly the way you like, you’ll need to start with a blank workbook. To do so, select the button new blank workbook from the topmost bar — it’s all the way to the left — and wait for it to load. Once that’s done, you’ll be presented with a blank spreadsheet.
- Before you can make the Gantt chart, you need to put together some data. For illustration purposes, we’ll pretend we have five tasks and number them 1 through 5. Those go into column A. In column B, add some fictitious start dates four the tasks — make sure the cells are set to accept dates. Finally, in column C, set the duration of each task in days.
If you want, you could also add an end date in column C, then subtract the dates automatically and have the resulting duration be displayed in column D. However, just for purposes of setting up the Gantt chart, the start date and the duration is enough.
- With the dates ready, the next step is to create a stacked chart based on the start date of our tasks. For that, you need to select all the data in the table, from A1 to C6, and then select insert at the top of the page (read all about making charts in Excel).
- The toolbar will change to a number of graph options, you need to go to the graphical options and click the down arrow. A long list of options will appear, under bars pick stacked bar. Make sure not to pick the one called 100% stacked bar as that won’t work.
- Microsoft Excel will get to work and a new chart will pop up in the middle of the screen. This is the beginnings of your Gantt chart, though you’re not there yet.
- For one, you’ll probably need to resize the window (we already did that in the above example), then rename the chart by clicking on the chart title box. While you’re at it,. Also remove the legend at the bottom of the chart — where it says start date and duration — by selecting it and hitting the Delete key on your keyboard.
- Next, you need to reorder the chart. Right now, task 5 is at the top and task 1 is at the bottom, and it needs to be exactly the other way around. To fix that, right-click anywhere on the chart and select Format in the dialog box that appears.
- A new task bar will open up on the right side of your screen, called “Chart.” From all the options, choose Vertical Axis.
- In the menu that folds out, check the box next to the setting that says categories in reverse order. That should put task 1 on top in the chart.
- With this done, there’s only one step remaining, namely removing the blue part — which represents the start date — of the bar from the chart. After all, in a Gantt chart you only care about the duration of tasks; the blue bar is just getting in the way.
- To get rid of it, right-click any of the blue bars. Another format box will pop up; click it. Once again, you’ll have the right hand pane open up. This time, though, we need to click on the entry for Series “Start Date.”
- In this menu, click on the item that says Fill, then on the large color menu that pops up go all the way to the bottom and select No fill.
With that, your Gantt chart is all done. The orange boxes (you can recolor them using the fill command if you want) show when a certain task is being worked on.
Gantt Charts in Excel
That should be enough to get you started with making your own Gantt charts. Though the templates that Excel offers — not to mention tailor-made project management software — are probably a better option if you plan to manage many tasks, using a homebrew option like above might be better if you’re keeping track of a small number of tasks or want to add some easy flavor to presentations.
