云计算(Cloud computing)的范围是巨大的。如果您正在寻找与云相关的工作，请考虑学习这些云计算技能(cloud computing skills)。云(Cloud)计算面试问题也将基于其中一项或多项技能。
在本文中，我整理了涉及Microsoft Azure的最常见的(Microsoft Azure)云计算面试问题和答案(Cloud Computing interview questions and answers)。尽管AWS是目前使用最多的云服务，但Microsoft Azure正在迎头赶上，并且已经成为许多组织的支柱。在下面最常见的云计算面试问题中查看Microsoft Azure上的面试问题。(Microsoft Azure)请注意，这些问题的措辞可能会有所不同，因此您可以调整答案以适应问题的语气。
云计算(Cloud Computing)面试题及答案
本部分包括通用的云计算面试问题，适用于AWS、Microsoft Azure或Google Apps等所有平台。
Q1：您如何向外行解释云？或者什么是云计算(What is cloud computing)？(Q1: How do you explain cloud to a layperson? Or What is cloud computing?)
A1：云是本地或本地计算的扩展。当我们说我们使用云计算时，我们是在使用其他人（通常是云服务提供商）的资源。这些资源可以是任何东西，从外部存储空间到远程基础设施。服务提供商根据资源的使用情况向用户收费。
Q2：云计算的基本特征是什么？-或者- 你什么时候调用服务，云计算？(Q2: What are the basic traits of cloud computing? -OR- When do you call a service, cloud computing?)
A2：云计算供应商应提供以下基本功能，这些功能对于将服务称为云计算服务是必不可少的。服务应该是可扩展的。也就是说，当需要时，云服务提供商应该能够增加资源，而当需求减少时，云服务提供商应该能够为其他客户释放资源，从而不会向用户多收费用。其他功能包括实时备份、高正常运行时间和安全性。日志也是必不可少的，但它们仅按需提供。这些日志包含谁在什么时间访问了什么服务等信息。
Q3：什么是网格计算？和云计算一样吗？网格计算和云计算有什么区别？(Q3: What is grid computing? Is it the same as cloud computing? What are the differences between grid computing and cloud computing?)
A3：为了更好地理解云计算和网格计算的区别，请阅读这篇文章——网格与云( Grid vs Cloud)。
Q4：实践中有多少种云？-或- 解释当今使用的云部署模型。(Q4: How many types of clouds are there in practice? -OR- Explain cloud deployment models in use today.)
A4：有三种云部署类型。首先(First)是托管多个租户数据的公共云。公共云的一个示例是 OneDrive，因为相同的服务器在每个服务器上托管许多帐户。第二种部署模型是私有云。在这种情况下，资源托管在专用云上。私有云的一个示例可能是使用特定托管服务提供商托管的网站。第三个也是最后一个部署模型是混合云。在这种情况下，部分资源托管在公共云上，其中一些资源专门从私有云中使用。混合网络的一个示例可以是在线商店。网站的一部分托管在公共云上，而其他重要的工件则托管在本地，以免受到损害。阅读有关云计算部署的详细信息(cloud computing deployment).
Q5：云计算的三种服务模式是什么？(Q5: What are the three service models of cloud computing?)
A5：软件(Software)即服务(Service)、平台(Platform)即服务、IaaS（基础设施(Infrastructure)即服务）。请阅读有关云服务模型的这篇文章，了解有关每种服务模型的更多详细信息。
Q6：云计算中的“桉树”是什么意思？(Q6: What do you mean by the term “Eucalyptus” in cloud computing?)
A6：Eucalyptus代表“用于将您的程序链接到有用系统的弹性实用计算架构”。它基本上适用于AWS（亚马逊网络(Amazon Web) 服务(Services)）。
Q7：什么是 OpenStack？或者 OpenStack 有什么用？(Q7: What is OpenStack? OR What is the use of OpenStack?)
A7：OpenStack 是服务于IaaS(IaaS)（基础设施(Infrastructure)即服务(Service)）的开源云计算元素。有关更多详细信息，请查看OpenStack.org。
Q8：云计算比内部计算有什么好处？(Q8: What are the benefits of cloud computing over in-premise computing?)
A8：本地(On-Premise)计算需要大量的准备工作——在金钱和时间方面。如果一个组织选择使用云，它可以节省很多初始设置成本。在云计算中，维护由服务提供商负责。在本地(On-Premise)计算中，我们至少需要一名专门的 IT 技术人员来处理故障排除。云(Cloud)在需要时提供升级和可扩展性。可以根据使用情况增加或减少资源的数量。另一方面，本地计算将需要采购更多的硬件和软件，而且这些采购是永久性的，因此在某种程度上，云可以在提供备份等功能的同时节省资金。
Q9：什么是 IaaS？它有什么作用？举一些 IaaS 的例子(Q9: What is IaaS? What does it do? Give some examples of IaaS)
A9：IaaS 代表基础设施即服务(Infrastructure as a Service)。当云提供出租/出租的基础设施时，它被称为IaaS。IaaS的例子有AWS（亚马逊网络(Amazon Web) 服务(Services)）、微软 Azure(Microsoft Azure)、谷歌计算机引擎(Google Computer Engine)和CISCO Metapod。
Q10：解释 AWS 及其组件(Q10: Explain AWS and its components)
A10：AWS代表亚马逊网络(Amazon Web) 服务(Services)。它基本上是基础设施即服务。AWS的主要组件如下：
- DNS——提供基于域名服务器的服务平台；也称为 53 号公路
- 电子邮件服务简单(E-mail Service Simple)：除了SMTP（简单主传输协议(Simple Main Transfer Protocol)）之外，还可以使用AWS本地的(AWS)API调用发送电子邮件。
Azure云计算面试题
本节介绍与Microsoft Azure(Microsoft Azure)（基础架构(Infrastructure)即服务(Service)平台）相关的基本但最常被问到的云计算面试问题。
问题 11：什么是 Microsoft Azure -或者- 你对 Microsoft Azure 了解多少？(Question 11: What is Microsoft Azure -OR- What do you know about Microsoft Azure?)
答案 11：Microsoft Azure是 Microsoft 的云产品(Microsoft)。它提供内容交付网络 ( CDN(CDNs) )、虚拟机(Machines)(VM) 等服务，以及一些非常出色的专有软件，使其成为IaaS的完美之选。例如，RemoteApp有助于使用虚拟机部署(RemoteApp)Windows程序。然后是Active Directory服务和SQL服务器。它还支持开放技术，例如可以包含在虚拟机中的Linux发行版。(Linux)
Q12：Azure 中帮助您管理资源的服务名称是什么？(Q12: What is the name of the service in Azure that helps you manage resources?)
A12：Azure 资源管理器
Q13：命名一些可以使用 Azure 部署的 Web 应用程序(Q13: Name some web applications that can be deployed with Azure)
A13：包括开源在内的许多 Web 应用程序都可以部署在Azure上。一些示例是PHP、WCF和ASP.NET。
Q14：Microsoft Azure 中的三种角色是什么？-或者- Microsoft Azure 中的角色是什么？(Q14: What are the three types of roles in Microsoft Azure? -OR- What are Roles in Microsoft Azure?)
A14： Microsoft Azure(Microsoft Azure)中有三种类型的角色。这些角色是Web Role、Worker Role和VM Role。Web 角色(Web Roles)有助于部署网站。它适用于运行 Web 应用程序。Worker Role辅助Web Role。它运行后台进程以支持Web 角色(Web Role)。VM 角色(VM Role)允许用户自定义运行Web 角色(Web Role)和辅助角色(Worker Roles)的服务器。
Q15：什么是 Azure Active Directory 服务？(Q15: What is Azure Active Directory service?)
A15：Azure Active Directory 服务(Active Directory Service)是一种基于多租户云的目录和身份管理服务，它结合了核心目录服务、应用程序访问管理和身份保护。换句话说，它是一个身份和访问管理系统。它有助于授予用户对网络上不同资源的访问权限。它还用于维护有关网络和相关资源的信息。
Q16：AD 和 Azure AD 是一样的吗？(Q16: Are AD and Azure AD same?)
A16：不可以。Windows中的 Active Directory是一个本地目录，用于存储有关网络的信息。大多数人将Azure AD混淆为(Azure AD)Windows AD的在线版本。但事实并非如此。Azure AD是云配置助手，而 AD 用于本地网络
Q17：AD 和 Azure AD 有什么作用？(Q17: What do AD and Azure AD do?)
A16：Windows AD是为本地网络创建的系统，而Azure AD是仅为云创建的单独系统。两者都保留有关网络、网络资源的信息，并帮助为不同用户提供对网络上不同资源的访问或限制权限。Azure AD可扩展，旨在支持全球规模的资源分配。当您将本地计算迁移到云时，Azure AD还可以为您提供帮助。(Azure AD)
Q18：Azure 是 IaaS 还是 PaaS？(Q18: Is Azure IaaS or PaaS?)
A18：Azure提供所有三种类型的服务——SaaS、PaaS和IaaS。但它主要用作PaaS。虽然许多开发人员更喜欢在Azure(Azure)上部署他们的应用程序（PaaS模型），但有些人热衷于开发整个应用程序并将其托管在Azure上，而不是使用本地计算机（IaaS模型）。因此，它同时用作IaaS和PaaS。
Q19：什么是 Azure 存储队列？(Q19: What are Azure Storage Queues?)
A19：Azure 队列(Queue)存储是一项Azure服务，它允许从地球上的任何地方检索和访问消息。该服务使用简单的超文本传输协议(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)（HTTP或HTTPS）。
Q20：Azure 存储队列中的毒是什么？(Q20: What is Poison in Azure Storage Queues?)
A20：在Microsoft Azure(Microsoft Azure)语言中，超过应用程序的最大传递尝试次数的消息称为毒消息。发生这种情况的原因可能有很多。
以上是一些最常被问到的云计算面试问题和答案。我用我有限的知识写了答案。由于您可能已经参加了适当的课程来学习云计算，因此您总是可以更好地回答。我只是给出了指示。读者可以使用他们拥有的任何资源来改进指针。
提示(TIP)：Microsoft MVP(Microsoft MVPs)发布的Microsoft Azure 面试问答 PDF会让您感兴趣。
All the best!
Cloud Computing interview questions and answers
Thе scope of Cloud computing is huge. If you are looking for a cloud-related job, consider learning these cloud computing skills. Cloud computing interview questions will also be based on one or more of those skills.
In this article, I have compiled the most asked Cloud Computing interview questions and answers involving Microsoft Azure. Though AWS is the most used cloud service as of now, Microsoft Azure is catching up and is already the backbone of many organizations. Check out the interview questions on Microsoft Azure among the most asked cloud computing interview questions below. Note that the wording of these questions may vary so you can tweak answers to suit the tone of questions.
Cloud Computing interview questions and answers
This section includes cloud computing interview questions that are generic and apply to all platforms like AWS, Microsoft Azure, or Google Apps, etc.
Q1: How do you explain cloud to a layperson? Or What is cloud computing?
A1: Cloud is the extension of local or on-premise computing. When we say we use cloud computing, we are using someone else’s (generally a cloud service provider’s) resources. These resources can be anything from just external storage space to remote infrastructure. The service provider charges users based on the usage of resources.
Q2: What are the basic traits of cloud computing? -OR- When do you call a service, cloud computing?
A2: The cloud computing vendor should provide the following basic features that are essential for the service to be called cloud computing service. The service should be scalable. That is, when required, the cloud service provider should able to increase the resources and when the demand reduces, the cloud service provider should be able to release the resources for other customers so that the user is not overcharged. Other features are real-time backup, high uptime, and security. Logs are also essential, but they are presented on-demand only. These logs contain who accessed what service at what time etc. information.
Q3: What is grid computing? Is it the same as cloud computing? What are the differences between grid computing and cloud computing?
A3: For a better understanding of the difference between cloud computing and grid computing, please read this article – Grid vs Cloud.
Q4: How many types of clouds are there in practice? -OR- Explain cloud deployment models in use today.
A4: There are three cloud deployment types. First is the public cloud that hosts several tenants’ data. An example of a public cloud is OneDrive as the same servers host many accounts on each. The second deployment model is a private cloud. In this, the resources are hosted on a dedicated cloud. An example of a private cloud could be website hosting with a particular hosting provider. The third and last deployment model is the hybrid cloud. In this, parts of the resources are hosted on the public cloud, and some of them are used exclusively from a private cloud. An example of a hybrid network can be an online store. Part of the website is hosted on the public cloud, and other important artifacts are hosted locally so that they are not compromised. Read the details on cloud computing deployment.
Q5: What are the three service models of cloud computing?
A5: Software as Service, Platform as a service, IaaS (Infrastructure as a service). Please read this article on cloud service models for more details on each type of service model.
Q6: What do you mean by the term “Eucalyptus” in cloud computing?
A6: Eucalyptus stands for “Elastic Utility Computing Architecture for Linking your Programs to useful Systems”. It is basically for AWS (Amazon Web Services).
Q7: What is OpenStack? OR What is the use of OpenStack?
A7: OpenStack is an open-source cloud computing element serving IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service). For more details, check out OpenStack.org.
Q8: What are the benefits of cloud computing over in-premise computing?
A8: On-Premise computing requires a lot of preparation – in terms of both money and time. If an organization chooses to go for the cloud, it saves much on the initial setup cost. In cloud computing, maintenance is taken care of by the service provider. In On-Premise computing, we’ll need at least one dedicated IT technician to take care of troubleshooting. Cloud provides upgrade and scalability as and when required. One can increase the number of resources or reduce them according to the usage. On-premise computing, on the other hand, will require procurement of more hardware and software and these purchases are permanent so in a way, the cloud saves money while providing back-ups, etc. features.
Q9: What is IaaS? What does it do? Give some examples of IaaS
A9: IaaS stands for Infrastructure as a Service. When a cloud offers an infrastructure for hire/rental, it is called IaaS. Examples of IaaS are AWS (Amazon Web Services), Microsoft Azure, Google Computer Engine, and CISCO Metapod.
Q10: Explain AWS and its components
A10: AWS stands for Amazon Web Services. It is basically infrastructure as a service. The main components of AWS are as follows:
- DNS – It offers a service platform that is based on a domain name server; also called route-53
- E-mail Service Simple: Other than SMTP (Simple Main Transfer Protocol), the email can also be sent using API calls local to AWS.
Azure cloud computing interview questions
This section covers basic but most asked cloud computing interview questions related to Microsoft Azure, which is Infrastructure as a Service platform.
Question 11: What is Microsoft Azure -OR- What do you know about Microsoft Azure?
Answer 11: Microsoft Azure is a cloud offering from Microsoft. It offers services such as content delivery networks (CDNs), Virtual Machines (VM), and some really good proprietary software that makes it perfect as an IaaS. RemoteApp, for example, helps in using virtual machines to deploy Windows programs. Then there is Active Directory service and SQL server. It also supports open technologies such as Linux distributions that can be contained in virtual machines.
Q12: What is the name of the service in Azure that helps you manage resources?
A12: Azure Resource Manager
Q13: Name some web applications that can be deployed with Azure
A13: Many web applications including open source can be deployed on Azure. Some examples are PHP, WCF, and ASP.NET.
Q14: What are the three types of roles in Microsoft Azure? -OR- What are Roles in Microsoft Azure?
A14: There are three types of roles in Microsoft Azure. These roles are Web Role, Worker Role, and VM Role. Web Roles help in deploying websites. It is good for running web applications. Worker Role assists Web Role. It runs background processes to support Web Role. The VM Role lets the users customize the servers on which the Web Role and Worker Roles are running.
Q15: What is Azure Active Directory service?
A15: Azure Active Directory Service is a Multi-Tenant Cloud-based directory and identity management service that combines core directory services, application access management, and identity protection. In other words, it is an identity and access management system. It helps in granting access privileges to users to different resources on the network. It is also used for maintaining information about the network and related resources.
Q16: Are AD and Azure AD same?
A16: No. Active Directory in Windows is an on-premise directory that stores information about the network. Most people confuse Azure AD to be an online version of Windows AD. But that’s not the case. Azure AD is a cloud configuration helper while AD is for local networks
Q17: What do AD and Azure AD do?
A16: Windows AD is a system created for local networks whereas Azure AD is a separate system created only for the cloud. Both keep information about networks, network resources, and help in providing accessing or restricting privileges to different users for different resources on the network. Azure AD is scalable which has been built to support global-scale resource allotments. Azure AD also helps you when you move your on-premise computing to the cloud.
Q18: Is Azure IaaS or PaaS?
A18: Azure offers all three types of services – SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS. But it is mostly used as a PaaS. While many developers prefer to deploy their apps on Azure (PaaS model), some are keen on both developing the whole app and hosting it on Azure instead of using local computers (IaaS model). Thus, it serves both as IaaS and PaaS.
Q19: What are Azure Storage Queues?
A19: Azure Queue storage is an Azure service that allows messages to be retrieved and accessed from anywhere on the planet. The service uses simple Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP or HTTPS).
Q20: What is Poison in Azure Storage Queues?
A20: Messages that have exceeded the max number of delivery attempts to the application is called poison in the language of Microsoft Azure. There can be many reasons why this happens.
The above are some most asked cloud computing interview questions and answers. I wrote the answers with my limited knowledge. Since you may have taken a proper course to learn cloud computing, you can always answer better. I’ve simply given pointers. It is up to the readers to improve upon the pointers using whatever resources they have.
TIP: This Microsoft Azure Interview Questions & Answers PDF released by Microsoft MVPs will interest you.
All the best!
