在 Windows 10 中，旧的Windows 防火墙(Windows Firewall)已被Microsoft重新命名为Windows Defender 防火墙(Windows Defender Firewall)。它是一种内置于操作系统的安全功能，有助于阻止未经授权的访问您的计算机，同时允许授权通信。此工具可以过滤入站和出站流量或设置规则和例外，具体取决于您连接到的网络类型。在本文中，我们将向您展示如何允许应用程序通过Windows Defender 防火墙(Windows Defender Firewall)，以及如何阻止它们上网。您将学习编辑现有的连接规则，将新应用添加到例外列表中，以及从中删除它们。让我们开始吧：
在哪里可以找到允许的应用程序列表（Windows 防火墙(Windows Firewall)）
首先，打开 Windows Defender 防火墙(open Windows Defender Firewall)，然后在主窗口中单击或点击“允许应用程序或功能通过 Windows Defender 防火墙”。("Allow an app or feature through Windows Defender Firewall.")
您现在可以看到允许通过Windows 防火墙(Windows Firewall)进行通信的所有应用程序的列表。该列表很长，活动规则只有在其名称附近带有复选标记的规则。可以为一种类型的网络位置(network location)（私有或公共）或两者都启用所有规则。
要更改活动通信规则列表，您需要先单击或点击“更改设置”("Change settings")按钮。
现在，您可以通过勾选右侧的复选框来启用或禁用任何已经存在的Windows 防火墙规则。(Windows Firewall)您还可以通过选中相应的列来更改规则适用的网络位置类型：私有、公共(private, public,)或两者。
接下来，让我们看看如何允许应用程序通过Windows 防火墙(Windows Firewall)进行通信，然后如何阻止防火墙中的程序进入Windows 10：
如何允许应用通过Windows Defender 防火墙进行通信(Windows Defender Firewall)
允许应用程序通过Windows 防火墙(Windows Firewall)的最简单方法是在首次运行时这样做。发生这种情况时，Windows Defender 防火墙(Windows Defender Firewall)会询问您是否要让它联机。检查您要允许程序访问互联网的网络类型，然后按允许访问(Allow access)。
允许应用程序通过Windows 防火墙的另一种方法是在(Windows Firewall)“允许的应用程序和功能”("Allowed apps and features")列表中查找它们，正如我们在本指南的第一部分中向您展示的那样。当您找到它们时，请在右侧标记私有(Private)和/或公共(Public)选项，具体取决于您希望允许该应用程序通信的网络类型。
如果您想在允许特定应用程序通过Windows Defender 防火墙(Windows Defender Firewall)之前了解有关规则的更多信息，请先选择它，然后单击或点击详细信息(Details)。
然后，您会看到一个小窗口，为您提供所选应用程序的附加说明。阅读完毕后，单击或点击OK。
如果在允许的项目列表中找不到应用程序，您可以单击或点击“允许其他应用程序”("Allow another app")按钮添加它。
在“添加应用程序”("Add an app")窗口中，您可以看到计算机上安装的所有应用程序的列表。选择你想要的。如果找不到它，请按浏览(Browse)并选择其主要可执行文件。
您可以设置应用例外的位置类型。为此，请单击或点击“网络类型”。("Network types.")
然后，您可以检查任何位置类型：private或public。完成后，按OK。
接下来，按添加(Add)。
该应用程序现在已添加到允许的连接列表中，并且应该开始正常运行。
如何在Windows Defender 防火墙中阻止程序(Windows Defender Firewall)
要从Windows 10阻止防火墙中的程序，您可以遵循两条简单的路径。最好的也是我们推荐的方法是按照本教程中的步骤手动创建防火墙阻止规则：使用 Windows Defender 防火墙阻止应用和游戏访问互联网(Block apps and games from accessing the internet with Windows Defender Firewall)。
第二条路径有些不正统，但它确实有效。🙂 默认情况下，Windows Defender 防火墙(Windows Defender Firewall)设置为“阻止与不在允许应用列表中的应用的所有连接”。("block all connections to apps that are not on the list of allowed apps.")这意味着，如果您从列表中删除应用程序，它的互联网访问将被自动阻止。
按照(Follow)与本指南第一部分完全相同的步骤获取允许的应用程序列表。然后，当您找到它时，在防火墙中找到您要阻止的应用程序，选择它，然后将其从列表中删除。您可以通过按删除(Remove)按钮来做到这一点。
当系统要求您确认时，单击或点击是，该应用程序将从(Yes)Windows Defender 防火墙(Windows Defender Firewall)规则列表中删除。
这不会自动阻止该应用程序通过 Internet 进行通信。但是，下次您打开它并尝试联机时，Windows Defender 防火墙(Windows Defender Firewall)应该会询问您是否允许它。选择不让它上线，这样应用就被屏蔽了。
您(Are)是否习惯使用Windows Defender 防火墙(Windows Defender Firewall)？
使用Windows 防火墙(Windows Firewall)并不复杂，即使您可能会被它吓倒。如您所见，从允许的连接列表中添加或删除应用程序相当容易。如果您对此主题有任何疑问，请随时发表评论。此外，要了解有关此工具的更多信息，请查看下面推荐的文章。
How to edit the list of allowed apps in Windows Defender Firewall (and block others)
In Windows 10, the old Windows Firewall has been rebranded by Microsoft to Windows Defender Firewall. It is a security feature built into the operating system that helps block unauthorized access to your computer, while permitting authorized communications. This tool can filter both inbound and outbound traffic or set rules and exceptions, depending on the type of network to which you're connected. In this article, we're going to show you how to allow apps through Windows Defender Firewall, as well as how to block them from going online. You're going to learn to edit existing connection rules, add new apps to the list of exceptions, and remove them from it. Let's get started:
Where to find the list of allowed apps (Windows Firewall)
First, open Windows Defender Firewall and, in the main window, click or tap "Allow an app or feature through Windows Defender Firewall."
You can now see a list of all the apps that are allowed to communicate through the Windows Firewall. The list is pretty long, and the active rules are only those with a checkmark near their name. All the rules can be enabled either for one type of network location (private or public) or both.
To change the list of active communication rules, you need to first click or tap the "Change settings" button.
Now you can enable or disable any of the already present Windows Firewall rules by placing a checkmark in the checkboxes found on their right sides. You can also change the type of network location the rule applies to by checking the appropriate column: private, public, or both.
Next, let's see how to allow apps to communicate through Windows Firewall, and then how to block a program in the firewall from Windows 10:
How to allow apps to communicate through Windows Defender Firewall
The easiest way to allow an app through Windows Firewall is to do so when running it for the first time. When that happens, Windows Defender Firewall asks whether you want to let it go online or not. Check the network types on which you want to allow the program to access the internet, and then press Allow access.
An alternative method to allow apps through Windows Firewall is to look for them in the list of "Allowed apps and features" to which you can get as we've shown you in the first section of this guide. When you find them, mark the Private and/or Public options on the right, depending on which types of networks you want to allow that app to communicate.
If you want to know more about a rule before allowing a particular app through Windows Defender Firewall, first select it and then click or tap on Details.
Then, you see a small window, giving you an additional description of the selected app. When you're done reading it, click or tap OK.
If you cannot find an app in the list of allowed items, you can click or tap the "Allow another app" button to add it.
In the "Add an app" window, you can see the list of all apps installed on your computer. Select the one you desire. If you cannot find it, press Browse and select its main executable file.
You can set up which location type the exception is applied to. To do this, click or tap "Network types."
Then, you can check any of the location types: private or public. When done, press OK.
Next, press Add.
The app is now added to the list of allowed connections and should start functioning correctly.
How to block a program in Windows Defender Firewall
To block a program in the firewall from Windows 10, there are two easy paths that you can follow. The best and the one that we recommend is to manually create a firewall block rule by following the steps in this tutorial: Block apps and games from accessing the internet with Windows Defender Firewall.
The second path is somewhat unorthodox, but it works. 🙂 By default, Windows Defender Firewall is set to "block all connections to apps that are not on the list of allowed apps." This means that if you remove an app from the list, its internet access is automatically blocked.
Follow exactly the same steps as in the first section of this guide to get to the list of allowed apps. Then, when you get to it, locate the app that you want to block in the firewall, select it, and remove it from the list. You can do that by pressing the Remove button.
When you're asked to confirm, click or tap on Yes and the app is deleted from the Windows Defender Firewall rules list.
This doesn't automatically block that app from communicating over the internet. However, the next time you open it, and it tries to go online, Windows Defender Firewall should ask you whether to allow it or not. Choose not to let it go online so that the app is blocked.
Are you comfortable using Windows Defender Firewall?
Working with Windows Firewall is not that complicated, even if you may feel intimidated by it. As you can see, adding or removing apps from the list of allowed connections is reasonably easy. If you have questions about this topic, don't hesitate to leave a comment. Also, to find out more about this tool, check out the articles recommended below.
