(Masking)当您开始使用Photoshop时，(Photoshop)蒙版是一项重要的学习技巧。您可以将其用于多种用途，例如删除照片的一部分或隐藏不需要的对象。幸运的是，了解如何在Photoshop中蒙版很容易在几分钟内开始！
在本文中，您将学习如何遮罩和使用遮罩来隐藏您不想出现在最终照片中的图层部分。
什么是口罩？(What Are Masks?)
当您向图层添加蒙版时，它实质上使您能够添加或删除该图层的某些部分。在图层旁边，添加蒙版后，您会看到一个灰度正方形，显示蒙版更改了图层的哪些部分。
当您使用画笔工具(Brush tool )并在黑色图层上移动时，它将删除该部分。如果你把它涂成白色，它会加回来。通过使用选择工具并用任何一种颜色填充选择，您可以更加精确。
您可能想知道为什么应该使用蒙版而不是仅擦除图层的一部分。蒙版是非破坏性的，这意味着当您删除部分图层时，您不会删除任何内容。因此，如果您决定要返回特定部分，则图像不会丢失质量。您还可以使用蒙版来实现比仅橡皮擦工具所允许的更多效果。
如何在 Photoshop 中添加蒙版(How to Add a Mask in Photoshop)
要将新蒙版添加到Photoshop 图层(Photoshop layer)，请按照以下步骤操作。
- 如果要为背景图层添加蒙版，请右键单击它并转到背景图层，将其变为常规(Background)图层(Layer From Background)。然后命名图层并选择OK。
- 从“图层(Layers)”面板中 选择要添加蒙版的图层。
- 在“图层(Layers)”面板的底部，单击“添加图层蒙版(Add layer mask)”图标。然后Photoshop(Photoshop)会将蒙版添加到您选择的图层。
- 要删除蒙版，请右键单击它并选择删除图层蒙(Delete Layer Mask)版。
如何使用蒙版隐藏部分图层(How to Use a Mask to Hide Parts of Layers)
现在您已经添加了遮罩，是时候使用它了。在此示例中，我将更改(change the background)图像中咖啡背后的背景。
- 首先，我在背景图像中添加了一个新图层，并将其放在咖啡图像图层的后面。
- 现在，要使用蒙版，首先选择它。
- 选择一个选择工具，然后选择要保留的图层部分。
- 转到选项栏中的选择和蒙版(Select and Mask)，然后单击它。
- 在右下角的Output下拉菜单中，选择(Output)Output to Layer Mask。
- 蒙版现在应该隐藏未选择的部分，并且下面的任何图层都将可见。
如果您愿意，可以使用画笔工具清理选区，用黑色删除它，然后添加白色。
如何使用蒙版隐藏或显示整个图层(How to Use a Mask to Hide or Show an Entire Layer)
在Photoshop(Photoshop)中使用蒙版的另一种方法是隐藏或显示任何图层的整体。去做这个：
- 在“图层(Layers)”面板中，选择要隐藏或显示的图层。
- 转到Layer > Layer Mask> Hide all或全部显示(Reveal all)，具体取决于您想要的。
取消图层与蒙版的链接(Unlinking Masks From Layers)
蒙版会自动链接到所选图层，这意味着当您移动图层时，蒙版会随之移动。如果您取消它们的链接，您将能够彼此独立地移动它们。
- 在“图层(Layers)”面板中，查找图层图像和蒙版之间的小链链接图标。
- 单击(Click)此图标可将它们彼此取消链接。
- 要将蒙版链接到图层，请再次在图像和蒙版之间单击。
更改蒙版透明度或羽化(Change Mask Transparency or Feathering)
更改蒙版的不透明度以及羽化蒙版边缘可以帮助您在照片中获得所需的外观。
以下是更改蒙版透明度的方法：
- 找到要更改蒙版的图层，然后选择蒙版本身。
- 在“图层(Layers)”面板上方的“属性”面板中，找到“密度(Density)”滑块。
- 将滑块移近 0% 将使所选蒙版更加透明，而 100% 将完全覆盖底层。
要更改蒙版羽化(feathering)：
- 执行与上述第一步相同的操作。
- 在“属性(Properties)”面板中，找到羽化(Feather)滑块。移动此滑块将更改蒙版边缘的羽化效果值。较高的值将意味着更多的羽化。
羽化可以是使图层更自然地融合而不是粗糙边缘的好方法。
细化蒙版边缘(Refining Mask Edges)
完美地选择对象的边缘可能很困难，因此您可以通过多种方式来优化您的选择。使用蒙版执行此操作的一种简单方法是通过Photoshop 中 的“选择和蒙版”工作区。(Select and Mask)
- 选择带有要编辑的蒙版的图层，然后单击蒙版缩略图以将其选中。
- 在选项栏中，选择Select and Mask。
您将进入Select and Mask工作区。在这里，您可以从多个选项中进行选择以完善您的优势。一个简单的尝试是不同的细化模式。
13-精炼
(Object aware)当您选择复杂的形状（例如头发或背景模糊）时，可以选择对象感知。如果图像具有易于定义的纯色，则 颜色感知很好。(Color aware)
蒙面是必不可少的基本技能(Masking Is an Essential Basic Skill)
隐藏、显示或隔离图像部分的能力使蒙版成为您可以使用的强大的Photoshop编辑工具。例如，图层蒙版可以帮助您替换任何照片中的颜色(replace a color in any photo)。
您是否尝试过在Photoshop中使用图层蒙版进行快速编辑？
How to Mask in Photoshop to Hide Layers
Masking is an important technique to learn whеn you’re starting with Photoshop. You can use it for many purposes, such as removing a portion of a photo or hiding unwanted objects. Fortunately, understanding how to mask in Photoshop is easy to start doing within a few minutes!
In this article, you’ll learn how to mask and use masking to hide portions of layers you don’t want to appear in your final photo.
What Are Masks?
When you add a mask to a layer, it essentially gives you the ability to add or remove parts of that layer. Beside the layer, after adding a mask, you’ll see a greyscale square showing you what parts of the layer the mask has changed.
When you use the Brush tool and go over the layer in black, it will remove that part of it. If you paint it in white, it will add it back. You can be more precise by using a selection tool and filling in the selection with either color.
You may wonder why you should use a mask instead of just erasing portions of a layer. Masks are non-destructive, meaning when you remove parts of the layer, you aren’t deleting anything. So if you decide you want a particular part back, the image will not lose quality. You can also use masks to achieve many more effects than just the eraser tool alone would allow.
How to Add a Mask in Photoshop
To add a new mask to a Photoshop layer, follow the steps below.
- If you want to add a mask to the Background layer, turn it into a regular layer by right-clicking on it and going to Layer From Background. Then name the layer and select OK.
- Select the layer you want to add a mask to from the Layers panel.
- At the bottom of the Layers panel, click on the Add layer mask icon. Photoshop will then add the mask to your chosen layer.
- To delete the mask, right-click on it and select Delete Layer Mask.
How to Use a Mask to Hide Parts of Layers
Now that you’ve added the mask, it’s time to use it. In this example, I’m going to change the background behind the coffee in the image.
- First, I added in the background image on a new layer and placed it behind the coffee image layer.
- Now, to use the mask, select it first.
- Choose a selection tool, and select the part of the layer you wish to keep.
- Go to Select and Mask in the options bar and click it.
- In the Output dropdown in the bottom right, select Output to Layer Mask.
- The mask should now hide the unselected portion, and any layers below will be visible.
You can clean up the selection if you wish by going in with the brush tool, removing it with black, and adding white.
How to Use a Mask to Hide or Show an Entire Layer
Another way to use a mask in Photoshop is to hide or reveal the entirety of any layer. To do this:
- In the Layers panel, select the layer you want to hide or show.
- Go to Layer > Layer Mask> Hide all or Reveal all, depending on which you want.
Unlinking Masks From Layers
A mask is automatically linked to a chosen layer, meaning when you move the layer, the mask moves with it. If you unlink them, you’ll be able to move them independently of each other.
- In the Layers panel, look for the small chain link icon between the layer’s image and mask.
- Click on this icon to unlink them from each other.
- To link a mask to a layer, click in between the image and mask again.
Change Mask Transparency or Feathering
Changing the opacity of the mask, as well as feathering mask edges, can help you achieve the desired look in your photo.
Here’s how to change a mask’s transparency:
- Find the layer with the mask you want to change, and select the mask itself.
- In the Properties panel above the Layers panel, find the Density slider.
- Moving the slider closer to 0% will make the selected mask more transparent, while 100% will completely cover the bottom layer(s).
To change mask feathering:
- Do the same as in step one above.
- In the Properties panel, find the Feather slider. Moving this slider will change the value of the feather effect on the mask’s edges. A higher value will mean more feathering.
Feathering can be a good way to make layers blend more naturally instead of having rough edges.
Refining Mask Edges
It can be hard to select the edges of an object perfectly, so there are ways you can refine your selections. An easy way to do this with masks is through the Select and Mask workspace in Photoshop.
- Select the layer with the mask you want to edit, then click the mask thumbnail to select it.
- In the options bar, choose Select and Mask.
You’ll enter the Select and Mask workspace. Here, you can choose from multiple options to refine your edge. An easy one to try is the different refine modes.
13- refine
Object aware is good to choose when you select complex shapes such as hair or the background is fuzzy. Color aware is good if the image has easily defined, solid colors.
Masking Is an Essential Basic Skill
The ability to hide, reveal, or isolate parts of an image makes masks a powerful Photoshop editing tool at your disposal. For instance, layer masks can help you replace a color in any photo.
Have you tried layer masking in Photoshop for quick edits yet?
