网络犯罪(Cybercrime)被定义为任何涉及使用计算机或互联网(Internet)的犯罪。可能是网络钓鱼、跟踪、虚假报价、黑客攻击以获取乐趣或黑客攻击以获取经济利益。这篇文章的范围仅限于有组织和无组织的网络犯罪集团(organized and unorganized cybercrime syndicates)、网络恐怖主义、企业和国家支持的网络犯罪。
无组织的网络犯罪
这些人单独或在小团队中从事网络犯罪，例如网络钓鱼、网络跟踪和入侵其他计算机或网站。它也可能是身份盗窃(identity theft)或电子邮件、服务器等财产的损失。
在大多数情况下，这些罪犯不仅仅是为了钱而工作。成功犯下的罪行使他们感觉良好和强大。
他们中的一些人根本没有受过训练。这些犯罪分子从暗网(Dark Net)下载黑客代码并使用它。
这个类别中的一些人很有才华。如果未被发现，他们可以继续创建或加入有组织的网络犯罪集团。稍后我们将讨论网络犯罪集团。
无组织的网络犯罪就像无组织的劳务一样：缺乏规则，有点混乱。它也被称为网络犯罪的非技术部门，因为它需要的技能很少甚至不需要。如前所述，一切都在暗网上可用。
有组织的网络犯罪
辛迪加、企业赞助的黑客、网络恐怖主义和网络犯罪的国家赞助者构成了本节的精髓。
网络犯罪集团
辛迪加最好的例子是“匿名者”。他们是一群有组织的黑客，他们通常会通过黑客攻击来传达他们的信息。据我所知，这个集团并没有那么有害。他们只是帮助向重要的人传达信息。
Anonymous’ motivation was best described as giving voice for those not heard, and responding to unanswered abuses like racism and corruption, the group says.
有未公开命名的辛迪加；它们只是由安全机构代号。他们是通过互联网(Internet)将网络犯罪与毒品销售和人口贩运等其他犯罪混合在一起的集团。
网络恐怖主义
可能是也可能不是国家赞助的。网络恐怖主义引起广泛的恐惧，甚至造成生命损失。它可以定义如下。
Cyber terrorism is the use of computers and internet to cause severe disruption or widespread fear in society.
这些类型的组织（网络恐怖组织）扰乱了正常的日常生活，可能会破坏基本服务，发出威胁，严重伤害人们。他们有点绑架您的数据并要求赎金以归还数据。您可能听说过勒索软件(ransomware)。网络犯罪分子将您拒之门外，并要求以比特币或任何其他加密货币赎金，以(Bitcoins)允许您(cryptocurrency)访问您的计算机。
有关于驻留在固件上的恶意软件的消息。在这种情况下，您无法仅通过格式化并重新安装操作系统来摆脱它。这很可怕——恶意软件将自己写入闪存ROM（只读(Read)存储器(Memory)）并粘在那里。删除它的唯一方法是在不破坏计算机的情况下刷新和重写固件代码。这再次需要可以重写固件的专业人员（大多数情况下为ROM）
有组织的网络犯罪(Cybercrime)——企业(Corporate)和国家资助的(State-sponsored)犯罪
上面我只举了两个网络恐怖主义的例子，这不是极端情况。极端是指任何网络犯罪分子破坏您的电子邮件和网站等财产，从而对网络攻击的受害者造成直接损失。
公司(Corporate houses)使用黑客来缓解与竞争对手的竞争。他们聘请有才华的黑客闯入竞争对手的网络以获取他们想要的信息。主要(Mostly)是为了了解他们的竞争对手的计划。例如，一家公司聘请黑客闯入该公司的竞争对手，以了解投标的详细信息，以便他们在提交之前创建一个更好的投标。只要尝试取得成果，他们中的大多数人都不在乎是白帽黑客还是黑帽黑客。
国家支持的网络犯罪
这些是为政府工作的黑客。他们犯下网络犯罪但不会入狱，因为他们享有国家豁免权。他们为不同的政府工作。他们的大部分工作都倾向于窥探重要的人。
他们还攻击其他国家的网站并侵入其服务器以获取信息。一切都有条不紊。该州雇用以技能闻名的黑客。然后他们利用这些黑客来达到他们的目的：合法还是非法
国家资助的网络犯罪的一个例子可能是带来其他国家的基本服务。他们可以侵入电力部门的网络并摧毁整个电网，从而使人们几天没有电。
国家资助的黑客可能会也可能不会在安全机构办公室工作。他们可能正在自家的地下室或坐在星巴克(Starbucks)执行州令。当采取的行动成功时，他们会得到报酬。
摘要：无组织和有组织的网络犯罪
让我们快速浏览一下本文所涵盖的内容。
- 黑客可能有高技能，也可能没有技能；不同类型的黑客代码可在暗网上出售
- 业余黑客这样做主要是为了感觉强大和自己的快速满足感；他们不针对更大的实体，如FBI或其他联邦政府网站
- 有一些网络犯罪集团使用网络犯罪方法来传达他们的信息并削弱他人的意识形态。
- 网络(Cyber)恐怖分子大规模破坏财产；即使特朗普(Trump)在朝鲜与(North Korea)金正恩(Kim)会面，韩国网络犯罪集团仍不断入侵银行和其他基本服务网站，制造混乱。他们声称，当特朗普(Trump)前段时间说“金是火箭人”时，他们被冒犯了。(Kim)
- 企业赞助商通过网络犯罪获得竞争优势
- 政府雇佣黑客窥探人民和国家；他们还可能让黑客关闭电力或水等基本服务；他们有时还通过闯入和泄露敌对国家的数据库来犯罪
以上解释了无组织和有组织的犯罪。如果您想谈论网络犯罪，请在下面发表评论。
Cybercrime and its classification - Organized and Unorganized
Cybercrime is defined as any crime that involves the use of computer or Internet. It could be Phishing, stalking, fake offers, hacking for fun, or hacking for financial gains. The scope of this post is limited to organized and unorganized cybercrime syndicates, cyber terrorism, corporate, and state-sponsored cybercrimes.
Unorganized Cybercrimes
These are people working alone or in small teams to commit cybercrimes like phishing, cyberstalking, and hacking other computers or websites. It could also be an identity theft or loss of property like email, servers, etc.
In most cases, these criminals are not working just for money. A crime committed successfully makes them feel good and powerful.
Some of them are not trained at all. These criminals download hack code from the Dark Net and use it.
Some from this category are talented. They can if undetected, go on to create or join organized cybercrime syndicates. We’ll talk about cybercrime syndicates in a moment.
The unorganized cybercrime is just like the unorganized labor services: a bit chaotic as it lacks rules. It is also called the unskilled sector of cybercrime because it requires less to no skills. As said earlier, everything is available on the darknet.
Organized Cybercrime
Syndicates, corporate-sponsored hacking, cyber terrorism, and state sponsor of cybercrime forms the essence of this section.
Cybercrime Syndicates
The best example of syndicates would be “The Anonymous”. They are an organized group of hackers who generally hack things to get their message(s) across. This syndicate is not as harmful as far as I know. They just help in getting a message across to those who matter.
Anonymous’ motivation was best described as giving voice for those not heard, and responding to unanswered abuses like racism and corruption, the group says.
There are syndicates that are not named in public; they’re just code-named by security agencies. They are syndicates that mix cybercrime with other crimes like drug selling, and human trafficking, via the Internet.
Cyber Terrorism
May or may not be state-sponsored. Cyber terrorism causes widespread fear and even loss of life. It can be defined as follows.
Cyber terrorism is the use of computers and internet to cause severe disruption or widespread fear in society.
These types of organizations (cyber-terrorist cells) disturb normal routine and may bring down essential services, issue threats, harm people badly. They kind of kidnap your data and ask for ransom for returning it. You might have heard of ransomware. Cybercriminals lock you out and demand ransom in Bitcoins or any other cryptocurrency for allowing access to your computer.
There is news about malware that resides on your firmware. In this case, you cannot get rid of it just by formatting and reinstalling the operating system. This is frightening – a malware writing itself on the flash ROM (Read Only Memory) and sticking there. The only way to remove it is to flash and rewrite the firmware code without destroying your computer. This again requires professionals who can rewrite the firmware (ROM in most cases)
Organized Cybercrime – Corporate and State-sponsored crime
I gave just two examples of cyber-terrorism above, which are not extreme cases. Extreme is when any cybercriminal destroys properties such as your email, and websites to cause direct loss to the victim of the cyberattack.
Corporate houses use hackers to ease the competition with its rivals. They hire talented hackers to break into the networks of their rivals for the information they want. Mostly it is to find out the plans of their rivals. An example would be a company hired hacker breaking into the company’s rival to find out the details of a tender so that they can create a better one before submitting it. Most of them don’t care if it is a white hat hacking or black hat hacking as long as the attempts bear fruit.
State-backed cybercrime
These are hackers who work for the government. They commit cybercrimes but do not go to jails because they have state immunity. They work for different governments. Most of their work tilts towards snooping on people who are important.
They also attack other countries’ websites and hack into their servers for information. Everything is organized. The state hires hackers known for their skills. They then use these hackers to achieve their aim: legal or illegal
An example of state-sponsored cybercrime could be bringing essential services of other countries. They can hack into the network of electricity department and take down the entire grid so that people are left without power for days.
State-sponsored hackers may or may not work from the security agency offices. They could be working on a state order from their home’s basement or sitting at Starbucks. They are paid when the action taken is successful.
Summary: Unorganized and Organized Cybercrime
Let’s take a quick look at what is covered in this article.
- Hackers may have high skills to no skills; different types of hacking code are available for sale on the darknet
- The amateur hacker does it mostly for feeling powerful and own sense of quick gratification; They don’t target bigger entities like FBI or other federal government websites
- There are some cybercrime syndicates that use cybercrime methods to get their message across and to bring down others’ ideology.
- Cyber terrorists are harmful to properties at a large scale; Even as Trump was meeting Kim in North Korea, the Korean cybercrime syndicates kept hacking banking and other essential service websites to create chaos. They claim they were offended when Trump said, “Kim is a rocket man” some time ago.
- Corporate sponsors cybercrime to get an edge over their competition
- Governments hire hackers to snoop on people and countries; they may also get the hackers to bring down essential services like electricity or water; they also sometimes commit a crime by breaking into, and leaking databases of the rival countries
The above explains unorganized and organized crime. If you wish to talk about cybercrime, please comment below.
