我们都下载图像或制作模因以随意或专业工作在社交媒体上分享它们。但是因为将所有内容都转换为PDF可以解决质量问题，所以我们似乎不需要查看图像文件格式。但是知道哪种图像文件格式最适合哪种用途有什么害处呢？这篇文章讨论了以下图像文件格式，并告诉您哪种图像格式适合哪些场合：
- JPG/JPEG/JFIF
- PNG
- TIF/TIFF
- 动图
- BMP。
PNG vs JPG vs GIF vs BMP vs TIF
我们都听说过这些文件格式中的大多数，并且我们中的许多人确切地知道何时使用哪种文件格式，但许多其他人不知道。所以，这里有一个快速教程。
光栅与矢量
在我们选择五种文件格式之前，很高兴知道有两个主要的图形系列，光栅(Raster)和矢量(Vector)，下面列出的所有图像文件格式都属于光栅(Raster)系列。光栅(Raster)图形由像素组成，而矢量(Vector)图形由路径组成。另外，当您谈论BITMAP时，您的意思是Raster。
有损与无损压缩
同样，可以根据压缩效果区分图像文件格式：
- 有损压缩(Lossy compression)：它可以非常有效地压缩图像，但由于它没有对所有信息进行编码，所以当它恢复为图像时，它不会是原始图像的精确表示。它们通常适用于照片，但不适用于绘画或插图。
- 无损压缩(Lossless compression)：它对原始信息中的所有信息进行编码，并在解压缩时保持原始信息的精确表示
未压缩(Uncompressed)的文件格式需要最多的数据，并且是图像的精确表示。
JPG/JPEG/JFIF 图像
完整形式(Full form)：联合摄影专家组。
扩展(Extension)名：.jpg/.jpeg
数码相机保存图像的最常见的图像文件格式。JPEG文件采用有损压缩方法，可以帮助显着减小文件大小而不会影响质量。这是Microsoft Paint文件的默认格式。
缺点(Cons)：这种格式不能免于世代退化。这意味着每次编辑和重新保存；图像质量会变差。
应用(Application)：静止图像、图像采集设备存储、明暗聚焦图像。
相关(Related)：JPEG和JPG图像格式有什么区别？
PNG图像格式
完整形式(Full form)：便携式网络图形
扩展(Extension)名：.png
这个免费的GIF(GIF)开源替代品提供 1600 万种颜色。这是需要完美色调平衡的真彩色图像的最佳文件格式。PNG的动画文件格式可用于APNG格式。这些文件具有透明背景。
缺点(Cons)：最适合较大的文件大小。PNG格式本身不支持动画图形。
应用(Application)：图像编辑、网络图像、涉及图层的图像，如透明度或褪色效果。它创建网络友好的图像(web friendly images)。
.TIF 文件扩展名
完整形式(Full form)：标记图像文件格式。
扩展(Extension)名：.tif/.tiff
灵活且易于扩展的文件格式，能够处理特定于设备的色彩空间。这些文件具有透明背景。它们非常适合公司徽标。
缺点(Cons)：不适合网络浏览器。
应用(Application)：印刷中的照片(Photographic)文件标准。OCR软件包。
GIF 文件格式
完整形式(Full form)：图形交换格式
扩展名(Extension)：.gif
虽然这种格式的压缩率比大多数视频格式低，但它是最常见的图像动画格式。
缺点(Cons)：仅限于 8 位调色板（256 色），不适用于摄影图像或抖动。
应用(Application)：需要少量颜色的图形，例如，具有大部分单一颜色的简单图表、徽标和动画。
BMP 图像文件格式
完整形式(Full form)：代表位图
扩展(Extension)名：.bmp
这些大型未压缩文件与Windows 操作系统(Windows OS)内的图形文件相关联。
缺点(Cons)：这种格式是无损的，这意味着它不能被压缩。
应用(Application)：它们简单的结构使它们成为Windows程序的理想选择。
这些是我们使用的最常见的图像文件格式。既然您知道哪个最适合什么目的，您将能够更好地管理您的图像文件。
PNG vs JPG vs GIF vs BMP vs TIF: Image file formats explained
We all download images or make memеs to share them on social media casually or for professional work. But because turning eνerуthing into PDF solves quality issues, we don’t seem tо need to look into the image file formats. But what’s thе harm in knowing which image file formats are best suited for which purpose? This post discusses the following image file formats and tells you which image format is suited for whiсh occasions:
- JPG/JPEG/JFIF
- PNG
- TIF/TIFF
- GIF
- BMP.
PNG vs JPG vs GIF vs BMP vs TIF
We all have heard about most of these file formats, and many of us know exactly when to use which, but many others don’t. So, here is a quick tutorial.
Raster vs. Vector
Before we go into the five file formats picked, it is good to know that there are two main graphic families, Raster and Vector, and all the image file formats listed below belong to the Raster family. The Raster graphics are made of pixels while Vector graphics are made of paths. Also, when you are talking about BITMAP, you mean Raster.
Lossy vs Lossless compression
Again, image file formats can be distinguished based on the compression effects:
- Lossy compression: It can compress images very effectively, but since it does not encode all the information, it will not be an exact representation of the original when it is recovered as an image. They are usually suited for photographs, but not for drawings or illustrations.
- Lossless compression: It encodes all the information from the original and remains and remains an exact representation of the original when it is decompressed
Uncompressed file format takes the most amount of data and is the exact representation of the image.
JPG/JPEG/JFIF images
Full form: Joint Photographic Experts Group.
Extension: .jpg/.jpeg
The commonest image file format that digital cameras save their images in. JPEG files apply the lossy compression method which can help reduce the file size significantly without compromising the quality. This is the default format for Microsoft Paint files.
Cons: This format is not immune to generational degradation. This means with every edit and resave; the image quality will deteriorate.
Application: Still images, image capture device storage, light, and darkness focused images.
Related: What is the difference between JPEG and JPG image formats?
PNG image format
Full form: Portable Network Graphics
Extension: .png
This free open-source alternative to GIF offers 16 million colors. This is the best file format for true-color images that need perfect tone balance. The animated file format of PNG is available with the APNG format. These files have a transparent background.
Cons: Works best with larger file sizes. The PNG format itself doesn’t support animated graphics.
Application: Image editing, web images, images involving layers, like transparency or fading effects. It creates web friendly images.
TIF file extension
Full form: Tagged Image File Format.
Extension: .tif/.tiff
Flexible and easily extensible file format capable of handling device-specific color spaces. These files have a transparent background. They are perfect for company logos.
Cons: Not ideal for web browsers.
Application: Photographic file standard in print. OCR software packages.
GIF file format
Full form: Graphics Interchange Format
Extension: .gif
Though this one has a low compression ratio than most video formats, it is the most common image animation format.
Cons: Limited to the 8-bit palette (256 colors), not suitable for photographic images or dithering.
Application: Graphics that require few colors, for example, simplistic diagrams, logos, and animations that have large portions of a single color.
BMP image file format
Full form: Stands for Bitmap
Extension: .bmp
These large uncompressed files are associated with graphic files inside the Windows OS.
Cons: This format is lossless, meaning it cannot be compressed.
Application: Their simplistic structure makes them ideal for Windows programs.
These are the commonest image file formats we use. Now that you know which one is ideal for what purpose, you will be able to manage your image files better.
