使用Google(Google)或Bing等搜索引擎进行的搜索通常会为每个键入的关键字返回数百万页。您可以通过考虑如果人们使用“n”个关键字来搜索信息会有多少个网站来估计Internet的规模。(Internet)互联网(Internet)的这一部分只是可见的。但是，在无数的网站中，存在着一个超出搜索引擎和一般浏览范围的互联网。(Internet)这是暗网、暗网、深网、深网、隐形网(Darknet, Dark Web, Deepnet, Deep Web, Invisible Web )或隐藏的互联网(Hidden Internet)。本文对此进行了解释，并向您展示了如何访问它以及采取的预防措施。
什么是 Deepnet 或 Deep Web
因此，普通搜索引擎无法访问的网站形成了Deepnet。这包括其robots.txt设置为阻止Google和其他搜索引擎在 Internet 上将其编入索引的网站(Internet)，以便将其排除在搜索之外。它们可能是私人的个人网站、内联网等。简而言之——这是互联网(Internet)中未被索引的部分，因此不可“搜索”。
什么是暗网或暗网
暗网(Darknet)不仅仅是防止搜索引擎索引。Darknet上的网站是匿名的，即当您访问此类Darknet网站时，您无法分辨网站是谁、所有者。仍然可以通过查看谁购买了域名等来追踪未索引的网站所有者。暗网(Darknet)中的网站是使用Tor（洋葱路由器）网络的网站(Tor (The Onion Router) network)。Tor网络的基础是包含如此多的节点，以至于来源无法追踪数据的去向或来源。
暗网(Darknet)是互联网(Internet)的一部分，托管可能提供或不提供合法内容的匿名网站。
普通浏览器无法打开顶级域名为.onion的(.onion)暗网(Darknet)网站，因为它们不是普通域名，而是一串随机字符，后跟.onion。当您使用Onion(Onion)或Tor网络托管匿名网站时，这些域名由Onion创建。(Onion)因此，DNS服务器不知道它们是什么，如果您尝试访问Darknet中的某个网站，您将收到一个 site not found 错误。只有Onion服务器知道如何解析这些域名。
您将需要Tor浏览器来查看这些网站。阅读我们对 TOR 浏览器(review of the TOR browser)的评论，以了解有关 The Onion Router及其工作原理的更多信息。
谁使用暗网(Dark Web)或深网(Deep Web)？危险(Dangerous)吗？
可能就像一群朋友在讨论严肃的问题一样简单，也可能像刺客提供服务一样危险。可能是记者想要工作而不会因说真话而入狱，也可能是销售违禁药物和大麻的人。有些告密者不怕被抓就泄露信息——有些网站显示虐待儿童。
大多数暗网(Darknet)被犯罪分子滥用。这是因为它提供了几乎完全的匿名性。他们在那里出售服务，例如付费杀人（刺客服务）、各种类型的性虐待、妓女、违禁药物销售商、杂草销售商等。这就是为什么暗网(Darknet)被认为是危险的。
除非您从可靠的暗网(Darknet)目录访问它们，否则通常有一些链接不会告诉您它们的方向。您可能会点击某个讨论的链接，然后进入雇佣刺客的页面。如果出现任何问题，警察会敲你的门。
为什么当局不能禁止暗网(Darknet)？
TOR网络最初是由美国军事基地创建的，用于匿名通信。他们仍然在暗(Darknet)网上倾倒政府文件——不向公众开放。有匿名的 Intranet 存储这些文件，拥有密码的人可以访问这些文件。由于联邦政府和其他政府自己也在使用暗网(Darknet)，他们认为命令TOR关闭它是不可行的。
这让犯罪分子、记者、告密者等人可以自由发挥。他们可以创建和托管匿名网站，提供几乎所有内容，但无法从表面网络（或普通网络 - 因为这些网站从未被索引）搜索，主流浏览器也无法打开此类网站，因为它们不依赖于传统的DNS服务器。所有Darknet/Deepnet都有.onion域，只能通过TOR浏览器访问，还有一些可以利用TOR网络的项目。但进入暗网最简单的方法是(Darknet)TOR浏览(TOR)器。
隶属于国家犯罪局(National Crime Agency –)的儿童剥削(Child Exploitation)和在线保护司令部(Online Protection Command)将根据报告或投诉尝试跟踪暗(Darknet)网上的非法活动。您可以在此处向CEOP报告令人担忧的事件。
阅读：(Read:) 什么是去中心化互联网。
如何访问暗网(Dark Web)和深网(Deep Web)？
您可以使用 TOR 浏览器访问暗网(access the Dark Web using the TOR browser)。
你需要两件事来访问暗网：
- 可以解析.onion网站的浏览器；
- 包含指向不同网站或网站类别的URL(URLs)的URL或目录，以便您知道在浏览器的地址栏中输入什么内容。
有几个转储站点(several dump sites)可以称为暗网(Darknet)目录。当您单击链接时，并非所有这些都被正确分类可能会通过将您发送到错误的地方（网站）而使您感到沮丧。(can frustrate you)在单击链接之前您需要非常小心，因为它们可能会将您带到意想不到的页面，例如犯罪销售杂草、一些成人网站等等。暗网(Darknet)不是一个安全的地方。您在浏览时必须保持匿名(stay anonymous)，否则当局很容易知道您一直在访问什么。您的 ISP 知道您在Internet上所做的事情(Internet); 它保存日志，如果需要，它可以与警察和其他当局共享日志。这产生了匿名的强烈需求。而对于匿名浏览，没有什么比TOR 浏览器(TOR browser)更好的了。为了安全起见，您还应该采取一些预防措施。我们将在以下部分中讨论它。
与之相处，暗网的洋葱目录(Onion Directory of Darknet)是最安全的选择。它检查了URL(URLs)以查看它们的引导位置，并相应地对它们进行了分类。您可以通过http://am4wuhz3zifexz5u.onion/Darknet的Onion目录。
请记住，您只能使用 TOR 打开链接。(Remember that you can open the link using TOR only.)如果您使用普通浏览器，他们无法解析地址，因为.onion不是真正的域，DNS服务器将无法检索其位置。
TOR 目录或库(TOR Directory or Library)包含按语言和链接所代表的类别分类的链接。例如，Mail/SMS、Forums、Discussion Boards等。这些比其他目录存在的内容相对更安全，但您不能完全信任其他转储。
一个这样的转储是www.thehiddenwiki.org。现在，任何浏览器都可以打开主站点，但链接显示在以.onion结尾的目录中，这意味着您必须将URL(URLs)复制粘贴到TOR浏览器中。这个转储相当小，包含一些帮助您入门的链接。
很少有其他链接可以帮助您入门：(Few other links to get you started:)
- 洋葱.link
- tor2web.org
- vlib.org
- icerocket.com
- hss3uro2hsxfogfq.onion.to
- lookahead.surfwax.com
- DARPA Memex
- freebase.com
暗网搜索引擎
普通(Normal)搜索引擎无法帮助您检索您正在寻找的网站URL 。(URLs)您可以使用名为Torch的 Tor 搜索引擎(The Tor Search Engine)或Duck Duck Go 的(Duck Duck Go’s).onion版本来搜索网站。请记住，不能依赖这些搜索结果，因为网站的描述可能会显示与网站实际不同的内容。您必须小心点击链接。
Duck Duck Go 的Darknet版本可使用 TOR 在http://3g2upl4pq6kufc4m.onion访问。它会给你任何你想要的。同样(Again)，链接可能会产生误导，因此在点击进入暗网的更深领域之前要小心(Darknet)。
上面提到的 Tor 库(The Tor Library)也有一个隐形搜索引擎列表(list of Invisible Search engines)，可以在 .onion 域中搜索以返回可能对您有用的结果。如果您是暗网新手，(Darknet)最好的入门方法是使用Tor 库(Tor Library)进行浏览，因为那里的链接已经过检查是否不一致，可以让您远离危险网站和肮脏网站。
如何在Dark Web或Deep Web上保持安全？
深网(Deepnet)可能不危险，但暗网(Darknet)可能。我将在此处列出一些预防措施，以确保在暗(Darknet)网上保持安全。请记住(Remember)，当您浏览暗网(Darknet)时，警察当局也在浏览，目的是找出谁在托管网站以及谁在使用访问犯罪网站。要记住的主要事项包括：
- 使用TOR匿名（这是必须的）；
- 虽然TOR已经有点慢了，因为有 n 个节点要遍历，使用VPN来进一步匿名；
- (Turn)在TOR选项中(TOR)关闭正在运行的脚本（单击地址栏前的按钮）。这是因为暗网中的大多数网站本质(Darknet)上都是犯罪的。如果你降落在一个上面，他们可能想追踪你。如果使用JavaScript(JavaScript)创建的脚本设法在您的计算机上存储某些内容，则它们可能会很危险。
- 在单击目录转储中的任何链接之前请三思(Think)而后行，因为这些链接可能是也可能不是它们所归类的内容。最安全的暗网(Darknet)目录是TOR 库(TOR Library)，最好从那里开始。
- 不要将任何内容下载到您的计算机(DO NOT DOWNLOAD ANYTHING TO YOUR COMPUTER)上。没有BitTorrent(BitTorrents)也没有下载，因为它们可能会在将内容存储到您的计算机时泄露您的实际 IP。那可能会带来麻烦。
我试图解释什么是Darknet和Deepnet以及如何访问它。文章不全面。如需更多知识，您可以访问www.hiddenwiki.or g（不带“the”）。www.hiddenwiki.org 只是一本电子书，它为您提供了有关Darknet/Deepnet的更多知识（稍微大肆宣传以使其看起来耸人听闻） 。
保持安全(Stay safe)！
评论？问题？(Comments? Questions?)
What is Dark Web or Deep Web? How to Access & Precautions.
A search, using a seаrch engine like Google or Bing, generally returns ѕоme millions of pages for every keyword typed. You can try to estimate the Internet’s ѕize by thinking of how many websites would be there if people are using ‘n’ nυmber of kеywords to search for informatiоn. This part of thе Internеt is just what is visіble. But there exists, within the countless websites, an Internet that is beyond the scope of search engines and general browsing. This is the Darknet, Dark Web, Deepnet, Deep Web, Invisible Web or the Hidden Internet. This article explains this and shows you how to access it and precautions to take.
What is Deepnet or Deep Web
As such, the websites inaccessible to normal search engines form the Deepnet. This includes websites whose robots.txt is set to prevent Google and other search engines from indexing them on the Internet, in order to exclude them from the search. They could be private personal websites, Intranets, etc. In short – this is the part of the Internet that is not indexed and therefore not ‘searchable’.
What is Darknet or Dark Web
Darknet is much more than just the prevention of indexing by search engines. The websites on Darknet are anonymous, i.e., you cannot tell who the website are, owners when visiting such Darknet websites. Non-indexed website owners can still be traced out looking at who purchased the domain name etc. Websites in Darknet are sites that are using the Tor (The Onion Router) network. The basis of Tor network is to include so many nodes that the origin cannot trace where the data is going or where it is coming from.
The Darknet is a part of the Internet that hosts anonymous websites that may or not be offering legal content.
Normal browsers cannot open the Darknet websites whose top-level domains are .onion because they are not normal domain names, but a string of random characters followed with .onion. These domain names are created by Onion when you host your anonymous websites using the Onion or Tor network. Thus, the DNS servers do not have a clue of what they are, and you will get a site not found the error if you try to access one of the websites in the Darknet. Only the Onion servers know how to resolve these domain names.
You will need a Tor browser to view these websites. Read our review of the TOR browser to know more about The Onion Router and how it works.
Who uses Dark Web or Deep Web? Is it Dangerous?
It could be as simple as a group of friends who do are discussing serious issues, or it could be something as dangerous as an assassin offering his services. It could be journalists who want to work without the possibility of getting jailed for speaking truth, or it could be people selling banned drugs and weed. There are whistle-blowers who let out information without the fear of getting caught – and there are websites that show child abuse.
Most of the Darknet is misused by the criminal types. This is because it offers almost full anonymity. They are there to sell services such as pay-to-kill (assassin services), sexual abuse of all types, prostitutes, banned-drug sellers, weed-sellers, etc. That is why Darknet is considered to be dangerous.
And often there are links that do not tell you where they are leading unless you access them from reliable Darknet directories. The possibility exists that you click on a link to some discussion and land upon a page of assassins-for-hire. And if anything goes wrong, the police would be knocking on your doors.
Why can’t the authorities ban Darknet?
The TOR network was initially created by the US military base to communicate anonymously. They still dump government files – not open to the general public – on the Darknet. There are anonymous Intranets where they store these files and people who have passwords can access these files. Since the federal and other governments are themselves using the Darknet, they do not consider it feasible to order TOR to shut it down.
That gives criminals, journalists, whistle-blowers, and the likes, a free hand. They can create and host anonymous websites offering just about anything but is not searchable from the surface web (or the normal web – because the websites were never indexed) nor can the mainstream browsers open such sites as they are not dependent on conventional DNS servers. All the Darknet/Deepnet has .onion domains that can be accessed only via the TOR browser and a few more projects that can utilize TOR networks. But the easiest way to get into the Darknet is the TOR browser.
The Child Exploitation and Online Protection Command, which is a part of the National Crime Agency – will try and track illegal activities on the Darknet, based on reports or complaints made. You can report worrying incidents here to CEOP.
Read: What is Decentralized Internet.
How to access Dark Web and Deep Web?
You can access the Dark Web using the TOR browser.
You will need two things to access the Darknet:
- A browser that can resolve .onion websites;
- A URL or directory that contains URLs to different websites or class of websites so that you know what to type in into the browsers’ address bar.
There are several dump sites that can be called Darknet directories. Not all of them are classified properly can frustrate you by sending you to the wrong places (websites) when you click on the links. You need to be very careful before clicking the links as they may land you up on unintended pages such as a criminal selling weed, some adult sites, and things like that. Darknet is not a safe place. You have to stay anonymous while browsing else it would be easy for authorities to know what you have been visiting. Your ISP knows what you have been doing on the Internet; it keeps logs, and it can share the logs with police and other authorities if required. That creates a strong need to go anonymous. And for anonymous browsing, nothing is better than the TOR browser. There are a few more precautions you should take to stay safe. We will talk about it in the following sections.
To being with, the Onion Directory of Darknet is the safest bet. It has checked the URLs to see where they lead and has classified them accordingly. You can get to the Onion directory of Darknet at http://am4wuhz3zifexz5u.onion/.
Remember that you can open the link using TOR only. If you use the ordinary browser, they cannot resolve the address, as .onion is not a real domain and the DNS servers would fail to retrieve its location.
The TOR Directory or Library contains links classified by language and by categories of what the links represent. For example, Mail/SMS, Forums, Discussion Boards, etc. These are comparatively safer to what other directories present, but you cannot fully trust the other dumps.
One such dump is www.thehiddenwiki.org. Now, the main site can be opened by any browser, but the links are shown in the directory end with .onion, meaning you have to copy-paste the URLs into the TOR browser. This dump is rather small and contains a few links to get you started.
Few other links to get you started:
- Onion.link
- tor2web.org
- vlib.org
- icerocket.com
- hss3uro2hsxfogfq.onion.to
- lookahead.surfwax.com
- DARPA Memex
- freebase.com
Dark Web Search Engines
Normal search engines cannot help you with retrieving website URLs for what you are seeking. You can use The Tor Search Engine called Torch or the Duck Duck Go’s .onion version to search for websites. Remember that these search results cannot be depended upon, as the websites’ description might show something that is way different than what the website actually is. You have to be careful in clicking the links.
The Duck Duck Go’s Darknet version is accessible using TOR at http://3g2upl4pq6kufc4m.onion. It will give you whatever you want. Again, links can be misleading so be careful before clicking your way into the deeper realms of Darknet.
The Tor Library, mentioned above, also has a list of Invisible Search engines that can search within .onion domains to return results that could be of use to you. If you are new to the Darknet, the best way to get started is to use The Tor Library for browsing as the links there have been checked for inconsistency and will keep you off dangerous sites and dirty sites.
How to stay safe on Dark Web or Deep Web?
The Deepnet may not be dangerous, but the Darknet could be. There are some precautions I will list here to stay safe on the Darknet. Remember that while you are browsing the Darknet, police authorities too are browsing with an aim to figure out who is hosting websites and who all are using visiting criminal websites. Among the main things to keep in mind are:
- Use TOR for anonymity (That’s a must);
- Though TOR is already a little slow, as there are n number of nodes to traverse, use a VPN for further anonymity;
- Turn off running scripts in the TOR options (click the button just before the address bar). This is because most of the sites in Darknet are criminal in nature. If you land on one, they might want to trace you down. And scripts created using JavaScript can be dangerous if they manage to store something on your computer.
- Think twice before you click any link from directory dumps as the links may or may not be what they are categorized as. The safest Darknet directory is the TOR Library, & it is better to start from there.
- DO NOT DOWNLOAD ANYTHING TO YOUR COMPUTER. No BitTorrents and no downloads as they may give away your actual IP when storing things to your computer. That could spell trouble.
I have tried to explain what is Darknet and Deepnet and how to access it. The article is not comprehensive. For more knowledge, you may visit www.hiddenwiki.org (without ‘the’). The www.hiddenwiki.org is just an e-book that gives you more knowledge (a little hyped to make it look sensational) about the Darknet/Deepnet.
Stay safe!
Comments? Questions?
