在Windows 11/10/8/7中，微软(Microsoft)试图让用户的 PC 体验变得简单、整洁。它具有许多自动优化功能，可以让您的 PC 运行更流畅，但您必须了解一些基本的计算机优化技巧，以提高 Windows 11 性能并让您的计算机高效运行。
不管新电脑有多快或多闪亮，它们似乎都会随着时间的推移而变慢。您去年购买的最先进的 PC 在安装了十几个程序、加载了反间谍软件和防病毒工具并从Internet下载了无数的垃圾之后，可能不会让人觉得如此尖叫。减速可能会如此缓慢地发生，以至于你几乎没有注意到它，直到有一天你试图打开一个程序或文件并想知道，“我的电脑怎么了？” (“What happened to my PC?”)这种减速称为Windows Rot；尽管微软(Microsoft)已经做了很多工作来减少这种情况，但自Windows Vista以来。
优化 Windows(Optimize Windows) v 以获得更好的性能
不管是什么原因，即使不升级硬件，也有很多方法可以帮助加速Windows并使您的 PC 工作得更好。以下是一些非常简单且基本的提示，可帮助您调整 Windows(tune-up Windows)并对其进行优化以获得更快的性能：
- 使用性能疑难解答
- 删除您从不使用的程序
- 管理您的启动程序
- 对硬盘进行碎片整理
- 使用磁盘清理(Use Disk Cleanup)来清理硬盘(Hard Drive)
- (Run)只同时运行必要的程序
- 关闭视觉效果
- 偶尔重启你的电脑
- 添加更多内存
- 检查病毒和间谍软件。
1]使用性能疑难解答
您可以尝试的第一件事是性能(Performance)疑难解答，它可以自动查找并修复性能问题(find and fix performance problems)。性能(Performance)疑难解答检查可能会降低计算机性能的问题，例如当前登录计算机的用户数量以及是否同时运行多个程序。要运行性能疑难解答(Performance Troubleshooter)，请按照以下简单步骤操作：
打开控制面板 > 所有控制面板项目 > 故障排除
单击(Click)运行维护(Run)任务以打开性能故障排除(Performance Troubleshooter)程序。
按照向导中提供的步骤修复与性能相关的问题。
2]删除您从不使用的程序
许多 PC 制造商在新计算机中包含许多您可能永远不会使用的不需要的软件。这些通常是软件或垃圾软件的有限版本或试用版，在一定时间段后没有用处。您安装的实用程序和程序可能毫无用处，因为许多软件都捆绑了许多不需要的选项，例如工具栏、注册表扫描器、Web 浏览器。继续安装不需要和无用的软件会对 PC 性能产生不利影响，因此最好卸载它们并节省磁盘空间。
3]管理您的启动程序
许多程序设计为在Windows启动时自动启动。软件(Software)制造商经常将他们的程序设置为在后台打开，您看不到它们在运行。这对您经常使用的程序很有帮助，但对于您很少或从不使用的程序，这会浪费宝贵的内存并减慢Windows完成启动所需的时间。
要管理您的启动(manage your startups)，Windows 10 用户需要打开Task Manager > Startup选项卡。
突出显示(Highlight)该条目并右键单击并选择Disable/Enable。
Windows 7 用户可以使用系统配置(System Configuration)实用程序。
- 单击开始并在搜索栏中键入MSCONFIG。
- 打开它并单击启动(Startup)选项卡。
- 取消选中您在Windows 启动(Windows Startup)时发现不需要运行的条目。
- 单击应用(Click Apply)和确定以保存设置，然后重新启动您的 PC。
4]对硬盘进行碎片整理
碎片(Fragmentation)化会使您的硬盘做额外的工作，从而降低您的计算机速度。磁盘碎片整理程序(Disk Defragmenter)重新排列碎片数据，以便您的硬盘可以更有效地工作。磁盘碎片整理(Disk Defragmenter)程序会自动按计划运行，但您也可以手动对硬盘进行碎片整理。要使用Windows 内置的磁盘碎片整理程序，请导航到“开始”菜单中的“(Start)附件(Accessories)”文件夹，然后单击“ 系统工具(System Tools)”并运行“磁盘碎片整理程序(Disk Defragmenter)” 。
您可以使用其他几种免费的磁盘碎片整理软件。(free Disk Defragmentation software)
5]使用磁盘清理(Use Disk Cleanup)清理硬盘驱动器(Hard Drive)
硬盘上不必要的文件会占用磁盘空间并降低计算机速度。磁盘清理实用程序(Disk Cleanup Utility) 删除临时文件，清空回收站(Recycle Bin)，并删除各种系统文件和您不再需要的其他项目。要使用磁盘清理(Disk Cleanup)，请按照下列步骤操作：
- 打开计算机(Computer)，右键单击(Right-click)要运行磁盘清理(Disk Cleanup)的硬盘(Hard Disk)分区。
- 然后单击磁盘清理(Disk Cleanup)按钮。开始需要一些时间，因为它将分析垃圾(Junk)文件。
- 选中无用文件的复选框，然后单击确定。
CCleaner是我个人最喜欢的垃圾清理工具。
6]同时只运行(Run)必要的程序
很多时候，我们会同时运行多个程序，而更多的时候，其中有一半仍然处于打开状态而没有任何用处。有时改变使用 PC 的行为也有利于获得更好的性能。如果您发现 PC 速度变慢，请问问自己是否需要同时打开所有程序和窗口。找到一种更好的方法来提醒自己回复电子邮件，而不是让所有邮件都打开。确保(Make)您只运行一个防病毒程序。运行多个防病毒程序也会降低您的计算机速度。幸运的是，如果您正在运行多个防病毒程序，操作中心(Action Center)会通知您并帮助您解决问题。
阅读(Read)：如何使Windows 保持良好的运行状态(maintain Windows in good running condition)。
7]关闭视觉效果
如果Windows运行缓慢，您可以通过禁用它的一些视觉效果来加速它。它归结为外观与性能。您希望Windows运行得更快还是看起来更漂亮？如果您的 PC 速度足够快，则不必进行此折衷，但如果您的计算机对于Windows 10/8/7的功能还不够强大，则缩减视觉花哨可能会很有用。
您可以选择关闭哪些视觉效果，一一选择，也可以让Windows为您选择。您可以控制 20 种视觉效果，例如透明玻璃外观、菜单打开或关闭方式以及是否显示阴影。
调整所有视觉效果以获得最佳性能：(To adjust all visual effects for best performance:)
- 右键单击(Click)计算机(Computer)图标，然后单击属性。
- 在左侧窗格中，单击高级设置(Advanced Settings)。如果系统提示您输入管理员密码或确认，请键入密码或提供确认。
- 单击(Click)性能中的设置，然后选中或取消选中选项以调整以获得最佳性能，然后单击确定。（对于不太激烈的选项，请选择让 Windows 选择最适合我的计算机的选项）。((For a less drastic option, select Let Windows choose what’s best for my computer).)
8]偶尔重启你的电脑
这个技巧很简单。每周至少重新启动一次 PC，尤其是在您经常使用它的情况下。重新启动 PC 是清除其内存并确保任何开始运行的错误进程和服务关闭的好方法。重新启动会关闭您 PC 上运行的所有软件，不仅是您在任务栏上看到的正在运行的程序，而且还有数十个服务和驱动程序，这些服务和驱动程序可能已由各种程序启动并且从未停止过。此步骤会刷新您的Windows 操作系统(Windows OS)。
阅读(Read)：优化和提高 Windows 10 计算机性能(Optimize and improve Windows 10 computer performance)。
9]添加更多内存
这不是购买可以加快计算机速度的硬件的指南。但是，如果不提及您应该考虑为您的 PC添加更多随机存取存储器 ( RAM )，那么关于如何使 Windows 运行得更快的讨论将是不完整的。(RAM)
如果运行Windows 10/8/7的计算机看起来太慢，通常是因为 PC 没有足够的RAM。加速它的最好方法是添加更多。Windows 7 可以在具有 1GB RAM的 PC 上运行，但它在 2 GB 的情况下运行得更好。为了获得最佳性能，最好使用 3 GB 或更多。另一种选择是通过使用Windows ReadyBoost来增加内存量。
10]检查病毒和间谍软件
如果您的 PC 运行缓慢，则它可能感染了病毒或间谍软件。这不像其他问题那样普遍，但值得考虑。在您担心太多之前，请使用反间谍软件和防病毒程序检查您的 PC。病毒的一个常见症状是计算机性能比正常慢得多。其他迹象包括 PC 上弹出的意外消息、自动启动的程序或硬盘持续工作的声音。
间谍软件(Spyware)是一种通常在您不知情的情况下安装的程序，用于监视您在Internet上的活动。您可以使用Windows Defender(Windows Defender)或其他反间谍软件程序检查间谍软件。处理病毒的最佳方法是首先预防它们。始终运行防病毒软件并保持最新状态。但是，即使您采取了这些预防措施，您的 PC 也有可能被感染。
想要更多？(Want more?)
Beginners Guide to optimize Windows 11/10 for better performance
With Windows 11/10/8/7, Microsоft has tried to mаke the РC expеriеnce easy and clutter-free for its usеrs. It has many auto-оptimizing features to make your PC run smoother, but you mυst know some basiс computer optіmizаtion tips to improve Windows 11 performance and make your computer work efficiently.
It doesn’t matter how fast or shiny computers might be when they’re new, they all seem to get slower over time. That state-of-the-art PC you bought last year might not feel like such a screamer after you install a dozen programs, load it with antispyware and antivirus tools and download untold amounts of junk from the Internet. The slowdown might happen so gradually that you hardly notice it, until one day you’re trying to open a program or file and wonder, “What happened to my PC?” This slowdown is called Windows Rot; although Microsoft has done a lot to reduce this, since Windows Vista.
Optimize Windows v for better performance
Whatever the cause, there are lots of ways to help speed up Windows and make your PC work better even without upgrading your hardware. Here are some very easy and basic tips to help you tune-up Windows and optimize it for faster performance:
- Use Performance Troubleshooter
- Remove programs you never use
- Manage your startup programs
- Defragment your hard disk
- Use Disk Cleanup to clean Hard Drive
- Run only the necessary programs at the same time
- Turn off Visual Effects
- Restart your PC occasionally
- Add more Memory
- Check for viruses and spyware.
1] Use Performance Troubleshooter
The first thing that you can try is the Performance troubleshooter, which can automatically find and fix performance problems. The Performance troubleshooter checks issues that might slow down your computer’s performance, such as how many users are currently logged on to the computer and whether multiple programs are running at the same time. To run the Performance Troubleshooter follow these simple steps:
Open ControlPanel > All Control Panel Items > Troubleshooting
Click on Run maintenance tasks to open the Performance Troubleshooter.
Follow the steps available in the wizard to fix the performance-related issues.
2] Remove programs you never use
Many PC manufacturers pack new computers with many unwanted software which you may never use. These are often limited versions or trial versions of software or crapware which are after a certain time period have no use. Utilities and programs installed by you may have no use, as many software are bundled with lots of unwanted options like toolbar, registry scanners, web browsers. Keeping unwanted and useless software installed can have an adverse effect on PC performance, and so it’s better to uninstall them and save disk space.
3] Manage your startup programs
Many programs are designed to start automatically when Windows starts. Software manufacturers often set their programs to open in the background, where you can’t see them running. That’s helpful for programs you use a lot, but for programs you rarely or never use, this wastes precious memory and slows down the time it takes Windows to finish starting up.
To manage your startups, Windows 10 users need to open the Task Manager > Startup tab.
Highlight the entry and right-click and select Disable/Enable.
Windows 7 users can use the System Configuration utility.
- Click on Start and type MSCONFIG in the search bar.
- Open it and click on the Startup tab.
- Unchecked the entries which you’ll found unnecessary to run at Windows Startup.
- Click Apply and Ok to save the settings and then restart your PC.
4] Defragment your hard disk
Fragmentation makes your hard disk do extra work that can slow down your computer. Disk Defragmenter rearranges fragmented data so your hard disk can work more efficiently. Disk Defragmenter runs on a schedule automatically, but you can also defragment your hard disk manually. To use Windows inbuilt Disk Defragmenter utility, navigate to Accessories folder in Start menu, then click on System Tools and run Disk Defragmenter.
There are several other free Disk Defragmentation software that you can make use of.
5] Use Disk Cleanup to clean Hard Drive
Unnecessary files on your hard disk take up disk space and can slow down your computer. The Disk Cleanup Utility removes temporary files, empties the Recycle Bin, and removes a variety of system files and other items that you no longer need. To use Disk Cleanup, follow these steps:
- Open Computer, Right-click on Hard Disk partition for which you want to run Disk Cleanup.
- Then click on the Disk Cleanup button. It will take some time to start as it will analyze for Junk files.
- Check the boxes for files which are useless and click Ok.
CCleaner is my personal favorite for junk cleaning.
6] Run only the necessary programs at the same time
Many times, we keep on running several programs at the same time, and more often half of them remain open without any use. Sometimes changing the behavior of using your PC also benefits in gaining better performance. If you find your PC slowing down, ask yourself if you need to keep all your programs and windows open at once. Find a better way to remind yourself to reply to email messages rather than keeping all of them open. Make sure you’re only running one antivirus program. Running more than one antivirus program can also slow down your computer. Fortunately, if you’re running more than one anti-virus program, the Action Center notifies you and can help you fix the problem.
Read: How to maintain Windows in good running condition.
7] Turn off Visual Effects
If Windows is running slowly, you can speed it up by disabling some of its visual effects. It comes down to appearance versus performance. Would you rather have Windows run faster or look prettier? If your PC is fast enough, you don’t have to make this tradeoff, but if your computer is just barely powerful enough for Windows 10/8/7, it can be useful to scale back on the visual bells and whistles.
You can choose which visual effects to turn off, one by one, or you can let Windows choose for you. There are 20 visual effects you can control, such as the transparent glass look, the way menus open or close, and whether shadows are displayed.
To adjust all visual effects for best performance:
- Right Click on the Computer icon and click on Properties.
- In the left pane, click on Advanced Settings. If you’re prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.
- Click on settings in performance and then check or uncheck options to adjust for best performance and then click OK. (For a less drastic option, select Let Windows choose what’s best for my computer).
8] Restart your PC occasionally
This tip is simple. Restart your PC at least once a week, especially if you use it a lot. Restarting a PC is a good way to clear out its memory and ensure that any errant processes and services that started running get shut down. Restarting closes all the software running on your PC, not only the programs you see running on the taskbar but also dozens of services and drivers that might have been started by various programs and never stopped. This step refreshes your Windows OS.
Read: Optimize and improve Windows 10 computer performance.
9] Add more Memory
This isn’t a guide to buying hardware that will speed up your computer. But no discussion of how to make Windows run faster would be complete without mentioning that you should consider adding more random access memory (RAM) to your PC.
If a computer running Windows 10/8/7 seems too slow, it’s usually because the PC doesn’t have enough RAM. The best way to speed it up is to add more. Windows 7 can run on a PC with 1GB of RAM, but it runs better with 2 GB. For optimal performance, 3 GB or more would be preferred. Another option is to boost the amount of memory by using Windows ReadyBoost.
10] Check for viruses and spyware
If your PC is running slowly, it’s possible that it’s infected with a virus or spyware. This is not as common as the other problems, but it’s something to consider. Before you worry too much, check your PC using antispyware and antivirus programs. A common symptom of a virus is a much slower-than-normal computer performance. Other signs include unexpected messages that pop up on your PC, programs that start automatically, or the sound of your hard disk constantly working.
Spyware is a type of program that’s installed, usually without your knowledge, to watch your activity on the Internet. You can check for spyware with Windows Defender or other antispyware programs. The best way to deal with viruses is to prevent them in the first place. Always run antivirus software and keep it up to date. Even if you take such precautions, however, it’s possible for your PC to become infected.
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