公共计算机是由多个用户使用且通常不属于该用户的计算机。公共计算机的一个例子是网吧(Internet Cafes)的那些。即使您办公室的计算机也可以归类为公共计算机，因为您不是唯一使用它们的人，尽管您可能拥有自己的登录凭据。使用公用电脑时必须保持安全，因为一个小错误可能会导致您的帐户被黑客入侵或数据被盗。以下是一些在公共计算机上保持安全的提示。
如何在公共计算机上保持安全
在公共计算机上时，您不知道机器上安装了哪些软件。尽管您可以浏览程序文件，但可能安装了间谍软件或键盘记录程序。如果网吧(Internet Café)的老板不择手段，他可以安装一个键盘记录器来监视他的客户。他可以阅读聊天电子邮件甚至敏感数据。如果您必须使用它们，请非常小心您过度使用这些机器发送的数据以及您留下的数字足迹。(Digital Footprints)以下是使用公共计算机时必须遵循的一些做法。
1. 正确登出
很多时候，我们只是出于习惯而关上窗户。下一个碰巧打开URL/site的人将自动被定向到您的帐户——无论它是什么。然后，您完全依赖访问您帐户的人的怜悯。该人很有可能会弄乱您的帐户——社交、商业或办公室帐户。
始终记得在会话结束后正确注销。例如，如果您使用的是Facebook，请查看“记住我”(Remember Me)按钮未选中。有几个网站有这样的按钮。确保在登录之前未选中它。会话结束后，注销并关闭窗口。
2.不要将信息保存到本地磁盘
使用您自己的笔式驱动器下载所需的信息文件。在公共计算机上，您永远不应该将任何内容下载到本地硬盘。比将任何内容下载到此类计算机更糟糕的是忘记在离开之前将其删除。即使您确实删除了它们，它们也会进入回收站(Recycle Bin)并且很容易检索。即使您确实清空了回收站(Recycle Bin)，也总有一些方法可以检索已删除的文件。
使用公用电脑时，请务必随身携带笔式驱动器。如果您需要下载数据或信息文件，请将它们保存到笔式驱动器中，而不要保存在本地硬盘上。或者，如果您必须存储信息并且没有笔式驱动器，您可以将它们作为附件发送到您自己的电子邮件 ID，以便稍后回复。并在发送电子邮件后，删除您保存到本地磁盘的那些信息文件。
如果您必须将任何内容下载到本地磁盘，并且您忘记了自己的随身碟，请确保您已删除所有这些文件并清空回收站(Recycle Bin)，至少可以这么说。
3.删除浏览轨迹
浏览器中有InPrivate 或 Incognito 模式(InPrivate or Incognito mode in browsers)，可确保没有任何内容存储在本地磁盘上。您可以在浏览Internet时使用它。这样一来，在您关闭浏览器后，您访问过的URL(URLs)和任何 cookie 都不会存储在本地设备上。如果您忘记使用隐身模式，您可以使用浏览器中的(Incognito)工具(Tools)选项亲自删除浏览历史记录。所有浏览器都有一个设置，可让您删除浏览历史记录和 cookie。在您之后使用同一台计算机的人无法分辨您在做什么。
另一个好方法是在笔式驱动器上使用您自己的便携式浏览器。(portable browser)有一些不错的便携式浏览器，例如TOR（洋葱路由器(The Onion Router)）。虽然有点慢，但它不会留下您在Internet上所做的任何事情的痕迹。
如果不是有线连接，而是WiFi，您将面临更大的风险，因为使用公共或免费 WiFi 的危险(dangers of using a Public or Free WiFi)要高得多。您需要更多地保护自己免受可能劫持您的数据连接以了解您在做什么的黑客的侵害。他们所需要的只是一个可以在Internet和其他地方轻松获得的简单设备。阅读我们关于如何在公共 WiFi 上保持安全(how to stay safe when on public WiFi)的文章。
4. 敏感数据
我不建议在公共计算机上购物，因为您不知道计算机正在捕获的所有内容。同样(Likewise)，不要使用公共计算机发送任何敏感数据。最好事先在个人计算机上准备好数据文件，然后将其作为附件直接发送，以避免任何键盘记录器。另一种方法是手写信息，在咖啡馆扫描，然后通过电子邮件作为附件发送。
无法保证您使用的公共计算机完全干净，如文章开头所述。在公共计算机上工作时，您必须非常小心共享的内容。
5.避免被窥探
当您将公共计算机解锁以抽烟或其他事情时，可以进行窥探。或者它可能是站在你身后的人。如果您感觉到有人在窥视您的肩膀，请按WinKey+D隐藏所有窗口并显示桌面。当您暂时离开计算机时，不要忘记按WinKey+L将其锁定。
(Make)通过移动鼠标或按空格键解锁，确保它具有密码保护。您可以随时要求咖啡馆老板为您输入密码。最好的办法是在您暂时离开计算机之前关闭所有活动窗口并清除浏览历史记录。仅在必要时才让计算机在会话中途离开。
现在阅读：(Now read:) 在浏览时保持在线安全并保护个人信息。
Stay safe!
Tips on how to stay safe on public computers
Public computers are the onеs that are usеd by more than one user and do not often belong to the user. An example of public computers are the ones at Internet Cafes. Even computеrs at your officе can be categorized as рublic computers aѕ yoυ are not the only person usіng them, although yoυ may have your own logіn credentіals. You have to stay safe when using public computers because a slight mistake might result in the hacking of your accounts or data being stolen. Here are some tіps to stay safe on public computers.
How to stay safe on public computers
When on public computers, you do not know what software is installed on the machine. Though you can browse through the program files, there may be spyware or keyloggers installed. If the owner of the Internet Café is unscrupulous, he could install a keylogger to spy on his customers. He could read chats emails and even sensitive data for that matter. If you have to use them, be very careful about what data you are sending overusing those machines and what Digital Footprints you are leaving behind. Here are some of the must-follow practices while using public computers.
1. Log out Properly
More than often, we simply close the window out of habit. The next person who happens to open the URL/site will automatically be directed to your account – whatever it is. Then, you are totally dependent on the mercy of the person who accessed your account. There are high chances of the person messing up with your account – social, commercial, or office accounts.
Always remember to log out properly after the session is over. If you are using Facebook, for example, see that the Remember Me button is not checked. Several sites have such buttons. Make sure it is unchecked before logging in. After the session, log out and close the window.
2. Do not save information to local disk
Use your own pen drive to download the information files you want. You should never download anything to the local hard disk when on public computers. Much worse than downloading anything to such computers is forgetting to remove them before walking away. Even if you do delete them, they will land in the Recycle Bin and would be easily retrievable. And even if you do empty the Recycle Bin, there are always ways one can retrieve the deleted files.
Always carry a pen drive when going to use public computers. If you need to download data or information files, save them to the pen drive and never on the local hard disks. Alternatively, if you have to store information and if you do not have a pen drive, you can email them as attachments to your own email ID so that you can get back to them later. And after sending the email, delete those information files that you saved to the local disk.
In the eventuality that you have to download anything to the local disk, and you have forgotten to get your own pen drive, make sure you have deleted all those files and emptied the Recycle Bin, to say the least.
3. Delete browsing tracks
There is InPrivate or Incognito mode in browsers that makes sure nothing is stored on local disks. You can use it while browsing the Internet. That way, no history of URLs you visited nor will any cookies being stored on the local device after you close the browser. If you forgot to use Incognito mode, you may delete the browsing history personally using the Tools option in the browser. All browsers have a setting that enables you to delete the browsing history and cookies. People using the same computer after you, cannot tell what you were doing.
Another good method is to use your own portable browser on a pen drive. There are some good portable browsers such as TOR (The Onion Router). Though a bit slow, it won’t leave any tracks of what you were doing on the Internet.
If it is not a wired connection, but WiFi, you are at greater risk, as the dangers of using a Public or Free WiFi are much higher. You need to protect yourself much more against hackers who may hijack your data connections to know what you are doing. All they need is a simple device that is easily available on the Internet and elsewhere. Read our article on how to stay safe when on public WiFi.
4. Sensitive Data
I would not recommend shopping on public computers as you do not know what all things the computer is capturing. Likewise, do not send any sensitive data using public computers. It would be better to prepare the data files beforehand on a personal computer and then send it directly as an attachment to avoid any keyloggers. Another method is to write the information using hand, getting it scanned at the café, and sending it over with an email as an attachment.
There is no guarantee that the public computer you are using is totally clean as mentioned in the beginning of the article. You have to be very careful about what you are sharing when working on a public computer.
5. Avoid being snooped on
Snooping can be done when you left the public computer unlocked for a smoke or something else. Or it can be someone who is standing behind you. If you sense someone is looking over your shoulders, press WinKey+D to hide all the windows and show the desktop. When you are leaving a computer momentarily, do not forget to lock it by pressing WinKey+L.
Make sure it has password protection by moving the mouse or hitting the spacebar to unlock. You can always ask the café owner to type in the password for you. The best idea is to close all the active windows and clear browsing history before you leave the computer even temporarily. Leave the computer mid-session only if it is too necessary.
Now read: Stay Safe Online & Protect Personal Information While Browsing.
Stay safe!
