NTFS 和 FAT 文件系统(NTFS and FAT file systems)等术语对某些人来说可能是同义词。这是因为我们中的许多人不知道这些术语的精确定义。在这篇文章中，我们将尝试回答其中一些问题，例如 - 什么是FAT、FAT32、ex FAT和NTFS文件系统，以及它们之间的区别。
NTFS vs FAT vs FAT32 vs exFAT
NTFS和FAT文件系统都在操作系统中使用，但与其他文件系统相比， NTFS支持大文件和卷大小并提供有效的数据组织。
什么是FAT , FAT32 , ex FAT & NTFS文件系统
NTFS和FAT是一种文件系统，代表了一种在驱动器上组织和存储数据的技术。这些文件系统还指定可以附加到文件的属性类型，例如文件名、权限和其他属性。
FAT文件系统
首字母缩略词FAT代表文件分配表( File Allocation Table)。它是一个简单的文件系统，最初是为小磁盘和简单的文件夹结构而设计的。简而言之，它是一种组织方法，一个文件分配表，它驻留在卷的开头。万一发生不幸，会保留两个表副本以保护卷。
FAT32是事实上的标准。但是，这个标准有一个限制。FAT32驱动器上的单个文件不能超过 4 GB 大小限制。此外，FAT32分区必须小于 8 TB。这就是为什么认为FAT32适用于USB闪存驱动器或外部媒体但不适用于内部驱动器的原因。
exFAT 文件系统
顾名思义，exFAT是“扩展文件分配表(Extended File Allocation Table)”的缩写。它是微软(Microsoft)创建的FAT32的升级版本。它类似于FAT32文件系统，但没有 FAT32 文件系统的限制，(FAT32)即；它允许用户存储比FAT32(FAT32)允许的 4 GB 大得多的文件。
NTFS 文件系统
NTFS的创建主要是为了消除FAT文件系统的限制。此外，启用强大的安全性。因此，NTFS文件系统通过实施名为(NTFS)Encryption File System的加密系统来防止对文件内容的未经授权的访问，该加密系统使用公钥安全性。
除此之外，FAT文件系统无法打开文件名使用非英文字母的文件。NTFS消除了此限制。它可以使用任何UTF字符。因此，它可以很容易地使用印地语(Hindi)、韩语(Korean)或西里尔(Cyrillic)语等难懂的语言命名。
阅读(Read)：快速格式与完整格式(Quick Format vs Full Format)解释。
NTFS、FAT、FAT32和 ex FAT文件系统之间的区别
FAT系统最多支持 4GB 大小的文件。NTFS最多可以有 16 TB 的文件。NTFS速度更快，允许扩展文件名、外来字符并通过文件加密提供更高的安全性。FAT与最新版本的(FAT)Windows不兼容，并且缺乏在更现代的NTFS文件系统中发现的安全功能。其他区别是：
NTFS
- 支持超过 40GB 到 2TB 文件超过 GB 的驱动器。
- 允许扩展文件名、外来字符。
- 在 chkdsk 有一个严重瘫痪的维护系统。
- Chkdsk 是出了名的慢。
- 通过文件加密提高安全性
- 在小于 40GB 的驱动器上速度更快。
- 较小的文件簇，4kb。
- 压缩以减少磁盘空间。
- 文件和文件夹的用户(User)权限。
- 如果清理了中断的集群，文件副本将被“撤消”。
- 小文件保存在驱动器开头的主文件表中。(Master)
胖的
- 与最新版本的 Windows 不兼容
- 支持超过 32MB 到 2TB 的驱动器
- 具有更好的更多和交互式恢复实用程序
- 检查磁盘操作是否快速
- 只是操作系统读取文件的空间
- 在小于 10GB 的驱动器上更快（FAT 16簇大小为 32kb）
- 包含来自中断副本的数据的集群链被标记为损坏
- 主文件(Master File)表与文件分开。
脂肪 32
- 缺乏(Lacks)更现代的NTFS文件系统中的安全功能。
- 无法安装现代版本的Windows（因为文件很大，可以安装到使用NTFS格式化的驱动器）。
exFAT
- 通过安装适当的软件，可以在Linux上访问 exFAT 驱动器。(Linux)
- 适用于所有版本的Windows和现代版本的Mac OS(Mac OS X) X。
希望这可以澄清问题。
快速阅读(Quick read)：如何更改硬盘簇大小(How to change Hard Disk Cluster Size)。
Difference between NTFS, FAT, FAT32 and exFAT file systems
Terms like NTFS and FAT file systems may appear synonymous to some. This is because many of us are not aware of the precise definition of these terms. In this post, we’ll attempt to answer a few of these questions like – What are FAT, FAT32, exFAT and NTFS file systems, and what are the difference between them.
NTFS vs FAT vs FAT32 vs exFAT
Both NTFS and FAT file systems are used in an operating system, but NTFS supports large file and volume size and provides efficient data organization in comparison to the other file systems.
What are FAT, FAT32, exFAT & NTFS file systems
NTFS and FAT are a file system that represents a technique of organizing and storing the data on the drive. These file systems also specify what type of attributes can be attached to a file such as filenames, permission, other attributes.
FAT file system
The acronym FAT stands for File Allocation Table. It is a simple file system designed originally for small disks and simple folder structures. In short, it is a method of organization, a file allocation table, which resides at the beginning of the volume. In the event of misfortune, two copies of the table are kept to protect the volume.
FAT32 is the de-facto standard. However, there’s a limitation of this standard. Individual files on a FAT32 drive cannot exceed 4 GB size limit. Also, FAT32 partition must be less than 8 TB. This is the reason why FAT32 is considered suitable for USB flash drives or external media but not for an internal drive.
exFAT file system
As the name suggests, exFAT is the abbreviation for ‘Extended File Allocation Table‘. It is an upgraded version of FAT32 created by Microsoft. It is similar to the FAT32 files system but does not have the limits of the FAT32 file system, i.e.; it allows users to store files much larger than the 4 GB allowed by FAT32.
NTFS file system
NTFS was mainly created with the intent of removing the limitations of the FAT file systems. Also, enable robust security. As such, the NTFS file system prevents unauthorized access to file contents by enforcing an encryption system named Encryption File System which uses public-key security.
Apart from the above, the FAT file system cannot open files with file names using non-English letters. This limitation is removed by NTFS. It can use any UTF characters. As such, it can easily be named using even difficult languages like Hindi, Korean, or Cyrillic.
Read: Quick Format vs Full Format explained.
Difference between NTFS, FAT, FAT32 & exFAT file systems
The FAT system, at the most supports, files up to 4GB in size. NTFS can have files up to 16 TB. NTFS is faster, allows extended file names, foreign characters & offers increased security with file encryption. FAT is Not compatible with the recent version of Windows & lacks security features found in the more modern NTFS file system. The other differences are:
NTFS
- Support for Drives over 40GB to 2TB Files over GB.
- Allows extended file names, foreign characters.
- Has a severely crippled maintenance system in chkdsk.
- Chkdsk is notoriously slow.
- Increased security with file encryption
- Faster on drives less than 40GB.
- Smaller file clusters, 4kb.
- Compression to reduce disk space.
- User permissions for files and folder.
- File copies are “undone” if the interrupted cluster is cleaned.
- Small files are kept in the Master file Table at the beginning of the drive.
FAT
- Not compatible with the recent version of Windows
- Support for Drive over 32MB to 2TB
- Features better more and interactive recovery utilities
- Check Disk operation is quick
- Just space for the OS to read files
- Faster on drives less than 10GB (FAT 16 cluster size is 32kb)
- Cluster chains containing data from interrupted copies are marked as damaged
- Master File table is separate from files.
FAT 32
- Lacks security features found in the more modern NTFS file system.
- Fails to install modern versions of Windows (Since the file is large in size and can be installed to drives formatted with NTFS).
exFAT
- exFAT drives can be accessed on Linux by installing the appropriate software.
- Works with all versions of Windows and modern versions of Mac OS X.
Hope this clarifies the matter.
Quick read: How to change Hard Disk Cluster Size.
