什么是物(Things)联网(Internet)？它没有什么新鲜事。在过去的许多年里，你一直陪伴着它。您可以想象的最常见的互联网(Internet)形式是人与人之间的互动。这可以称为人(Human)对人互联网(Human Internet)（H2H）。如果您查看许多H2H交互/互联网，您会发现由事物（或者更确切地说，机器）组成的分散的互联网。(Internet)我所说的分散是指几个分散的机构——每个机构都有自己的网络。这就是我们将在这里介绍的内容——物联网(Internet of things)！
在大约 10 年前谈论时，主要是人与人之间的互动——电子邮件、聊天室和留言板。主要的“互联网事物”(“things for the Internet”)是计算机和调制解调器。那是人类键入（输入）他们的“想法”以供其他人阅读和理解。或者我们可以用计算机术语说：人类用于输入信息或只是原始数据供其他大脑处理。 基本上，在 2Ks 之前，互联网是计算机的一部分(Basically, the Internet was a part of computers until 2Ks)。
什么是(IoT)物联网(Internet)( IoT(Things) )
与 2000 年代不同的是，“事物”在它们之间以及与人类之间相互作用。鸟瞰图为您提供了他们在终结者(Terminator)电影中引入的天网。(SkyNet)它只是机器，这些东西，在没有任何人类频繁干预的情况下自行运行。那就是当您将所有不同的、分散的网络结合起来，将它们视为一个横跨全球的庞大网络时！也称为机器对机器通信 (M2M)(Machine to Machine communication (M2M))，它是一种促进机器与机器之间甚至有时是机器与人之间的通信的系统。
当我们谈论物联网(Internet)时，我们谈论的是机器输入、机器处理信息以及机器对数据的消费。结果可以交给人类——只有在需要时，机器才会根据分析（处理）的输出来采取不同的行动——例如维持核反应堆的冷却。或者它可以像触发警报让人类或其他机器采取行动一样简单。
例如，附着在物体上的芯片如果移动，就会触发警报，导致其他机器触发某些动作，进而激活其他机器或提醒人类。这可能是静止物体上的GPS芯片的情况，如果移动，它会向中央服务器发送信号，中央服务器计算静止物体的位置，从而触发复合体的关闭，从而电动机械门自行关闭无需人类急于关闭它们。您一定听说过这样的过程——静态物体的GPS防盗机制！
看看您现在可以购买的一些物联网设备和小工具。(Take a look at some of the IoT Devices & Gadgets that you can buy now.)
物(Things)联网(Internet)中的“物(Things)”是什么
在物联网(Internet)中，任何具有能够访问输入（文本/图形/音频）的芯片的东西，并将其发送到其他预先确定的机器/服务器，无论是否在其自身端进行处理都是一回事。要成为物联网或机器对机器交互 (M2M) 中的活动(Internet)对象，(Machine)实体/(Machine)事物应该(M2M)能够(Things)：
- 捕获数据(Capture Data)——可以是图像、音频、视频、物理/化学数据（例如纬度/经度/海拔）、化学数据（例如湿度）或部分或所有类型的混合
- 传输数据(Transmit Data)——在大多数情况下，传输被定向到中央服务器或次中央服务器；可以通过Internet进行有线或无线连接(Internet)
- 应该是实时的(Should be Real-Time)——稍微延迟是可以接受的，但不应该太慢以显着改变结果）
- 应该是低电量或自供电——(Should be Low or Self-Powered – )如果传感器/事物使用太阳能或外部热量来保持足够的电量以继续工作，那没关系
- 应该有一个 IP 地址——(Should have an IP address –)互联网(Internet)上的所有东西都有一个 IP 地址。
这些“东西”不能作为豁免。如果他们没有 IP 地址，则他们不在Internet 上(Internet)，因此也不属于Internet。以农场为例。业主将传感器安装在他的每头牛和他农场上的其他重要物品上。然后，他使用计算机或电话来确定“事物”（在本例中是他的牛）的位置和状态。这是我能想到的关于物联网(Things)的(Internet)最小例子。这应该让您了解物联网(Internet)在更大范围内（例如洲际服务）被占用时的外观！(Things)
物联网是好是坏
物联网(Internet)不是一个特定的实体。(Things)它已经在我们身边。它一直在我们身边。这些天来的嗡嗡声是关于大数据(Big Data)的，而物联网(Internet)一直是这方面的主要资源。(Things)这就是为什么人们现在有兴趣了解物联网(Internet)。(Things)就我而言，除了监控问题，我看不到任何物联网的负面例子。(Internet)现在每个人都拥有一部手机，可以用来追踪你。即使你禁用GPS，你的手机SIM 卡(SIM)（互联网上的东西(Internet)事物）不断发送可用于跟踪您的动作的信号。
我还看到了禁用关闭GPS 选项的未来——(GPS –)考虑到我们的政府正在推进NSA PRISM等的方式。除此之外，事情可能会被设计成有害的方式。例如，一个微型炸弹附在您的车辆上，当您达到特定速度或使用刹车时就会触发。由于它们很小，因此您不会注意到它。这听起来会很奇怪。虽然在这个阶段不可能，但可能是机器的自我意识，以便它们互连所有网络，为您提供一个巨大的终结者天网（电影）。同样，那是小说，我们有很多关于这个问题的书籍和电影。(This will sound weird. Though impossible at this stage, could be self-awareness of the machines so that they interconnect all the networks to give you one huge Skynet of Terminator (the movie). Again, that is fiction, and we have plenty of books plus movies on the issue.)到目前为止，手表上的一个东西可以监控你的脉搏。如果它下降或上升，它可以给你指示——这取决于你的年龄。
此外，如果您没有响应，它可以触发警报信号，并将您的位置坐标发送到预先输入的电话号码，以便您获得帮助。车辆公司的服务器知道其所有车辆的下落，因此可以通过将自动电话呼叫引导至车辆，引导最近的空车从一个地方去接需要运输的人。它还可以分析车辆的运动和速度，以记录不稳定的驾驶员。有很多(Plenty)例子可供选择。最重要的是，统计学家很高兴，因为他们可以借此获得更多数据。他们获得更好的数据，从而获得更准确的预测！
阅读(Read)：物联网常见问题解答(IOT FAQ)
物联网(Internet)：我的结论
物联网(Internet)几乎可以用于任何事情，因为它需要廉价的硬件并且可以在任何地方轻松实施。与(Contrary)90 年代和 2000 年互联网(Internet)更多地是计算机系统的奢侈品和艺术相反，计算机现在只是互联网(Internet)上的“东西” ！十年前你只是互联网(Internet)的消费者，现在你也扮演着资源的角色！您的数据：您的个人资料、您的卡详细信息、您最喜欢的主题以及更多信息是否可用或存储在Internet的许多服务器上？
您可能还想阅读有关物联网危险的这篇文章。(You might want to also read this post on the Dangers of the Internet of Things.)
图片来源和进一步阅读：(Image Source & Further Reading:) IBM BIG DATA HUB。
What is Internet Of Things - Introducing the SkyNet!
What Is the Internet Of Thіngs? There is nothing new about it. You haνe been with it for the past mаny years. Thе most common fоrm of the Іnternet as you can imagine is human-to-human intеraction. That can be called Human to Hυman Internet (H2H). If you look at the many H2H interаctions/internet, you’ll discover a ѕcattered Internet that is comprised оf things – or rather, machines. By scattered, I mean several dесentralizеd establishments – each with its own network(ѕ). This is what we’ll cover here – Internet of things!
When talking about some 10 years ago, it was mostly interactions among humans – emails, chat rooms, and message boards. The main “things for the Internet” were a computer and a modem. That was humans keying in (input) their “thoughts” for others to read and understand. Or we can say in computer terminology: humans used to input information or just raw data for other brains to process. Basically, the Internet was a part of computers until 2Ks.
What Is the Internet of Things (IoT)
Unlike the 2000s, it is “Things” interacting among themselves and with humans. A bird’s view gives you the SkyNet they introduced in the Terminator movie. It is just machines, the things, operating on their own without any frequent intervention of humans. That is when you combine all the different, scattered networks to view them as one vast network spanning the entire globe! Also known as Machine to Machine communication (M2M), it is a system facilitating communication more of from machine to machine and sometimes from machine to human.
When we talk about the Internet of things, we talk about input by machines, processing of information by machines and consumption of data – too – by machines. The results can go to humans – only when required else it is machines that take care of different actions based on the output of analysis (processing) – such as maintenance of cooling in a nuclear reactor. Or it could be as simple as triggering an alarm for humans or other machines to take action.
For example, a chip attached to an object, if moved, triggers an alarm that causes other machines to trigger some action that in turn activates other machines or alerts a human. This could be a case of a GPS chip on a stationary object that if moved, sends signals to a central server that calculates the location of the stationary object and as a result, triggers shutdown of the compound whereby electro-mechanical doors close on their own without humans having to rush and close them. You must have heard of such processes – the GPS anti-theft mechanism for static objects!
Take a look at some of the IoT Devices & Gadgets that you can buy now.
What are The “Things” in the Internet of Things
In the Internet of things, anything with a chip capable of accessing input – text/graphic/audio and sending it to some other pre-determined machine/server with or without processing at its own end is a thing. To qualify as an active object in the Internet of Things or Machine to Machine interaction (M2M), the entity/thing should be able to:
- Capture Data – Can be an image, audio, video, physical/chemical data such as latitude/longitude/elevation, chemical data such as humidity, or a mix of some or all types
- Transmit Data – in most of cases, transmission is directed to a central server or sub-central server; can be wired or wireless over the Internet
- Should be Real-Time – a little delay is acceptable but should not be much slower as to alter the results significantly)
- Should be Low or Self-Powered – it is okay if the sensor/thing uses solar energy or external heat to maintain charge enough to keep working
- Should have an IP address – Everything on the Internet has an IP address.
These “things” cannot be an exemption. If they don’t have an IP address, they’re not on the Internet and hence, not part of the Internet. Take a farm for example. The owner attaches sensors to each of his cattle and other items of importance on his farm. He then uses a computer or phone to determine the location and well-being of the “things” (which, in this case, are his cattle). This is the smallest example I could come up with for the Internet of Things. This should give you an idea of how the Internet of Things would look when taken up, on a greater scale such as an intercontinental service!
Is Internet Of Things Good Or Bad
The Internet of Things is not a particular entity. It is already all around us. It has been around us. The buzz these days is about Big Data, and the Internet of Things has been the main resource for that. That is why people are now interested in knowing about the Internet of Things. As far as I am concerned, I could not see any negative example for the Internet of things except for the surveillance issue. Everyone now owns a phone, and that can be used to track you. Even if you disable GPS, your mobile phone SIM (the thing in the Internet of things) keeps sending signals that can be used to trace your movements.
I also see a future that disables the option of turning off GPS – given the way our governments are moving ahead with NSA PRISM, etc. Other than this, things can be designed in a way to harm. For example, a tiny bomb is attached to your vehicle that is triggered when you reach a specific speed or employ brakes. Since they are tiny, you cannot notice it. This will sound weird. Though impossible at this stage, could be self-awareness of the machines so that they interconnect all the networks to give you one huge Skynet of Terminator (the movie). Again, that is fiction, and we have plenty of books plus movies on the issue. As of now, a thing on your wristwatch can keep an eye on your pulse rate. If it drops or goes high, it can give you instructions – depending upon your age.
Further, it can trigger alarm signals if you do not respond and send your location coordinates to pre-fed phone numbers so that you can get help. A server in a vehicle company knows the whereabouts of all its vehicles and thus, can direct the nearest vacant vehicle from a place to go pick up someone in need of transport by directing an automated phone call to the vehicle. It can also analyze the movements of vehicles and speed to note down erratic drivers. Plenty of examples exists as options. More than anything, the statisticians are happy as they can lay their hands on much more data with this. They get better data and hence, more accurate predictions!
Read: IOT FAQ
The Internet of Things: My Conclusion
The Internet of things can be used for practically anything as it requires cheap hardware and can be easily implemented anywhere. Contrary to the 90s and 2000 where the Internet was more of a luxury and art of computer systems, computers are now just “things” on the Internet! A decade back you were just a consumer of the Internet, now you play the role of a resource as well! Isn’t your data: your personal profile, your card details, your favorite topics, and much more information available or stored somewhere on the many servers of the Internet?
You might want to also read this post on the Dangers of the Internet of Things.
Image Source & Further Reading: IBM BIG DATA HUB.
