将近一年半前的2020 年 3 月(March 2020)，世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)宣布 2019 年冠状病毒病 ( COVID-19 ) 为大流行病。从那时起，变种出现了。迄今为止，全球已有超过 2 亿例病例和超过 400 万例确诊死亡病例。
作为人类历史上最致命的流行病之一，COVID-19扰乱了生活和经济，导致了(COVID-19)自大萧条(Great Depression)以来最大的全球衰退。尽管错误信息的传播加剧了紧张局势并降低了我们克服这一流行病的集体能力，但也有一些亮点。一缕阳光是科技巨头苹果(Apple)和谷歌(Google)共同努力创建接触者追踪的暴露通知系统(Exposure Notifications System)。
谷歌(Google)和苹果(Apple)表示，他们“出于共同的责任感 创建了暴露通知系统，以帮助政府和我们的全球社区通过接触者追踪来抗击这一流行病。”(Exposure Notifications System)
无论(Whether)您是否接种过疫苗，您都可以帮助保护您的社区。如果您是Android用户，您可以找到并安装适用于您所在地区的应用程序(find and install the app for your area)。iPhone 用户可以在其设备设置中选择加入接触史通知。(Exposure Notifications)
什么是接触者追踪？
接触者追踪是一种公共卫生(health)技术，用于寻找与确诊病例接触的任何人，以测试该人或监测他们的感染情况。这是通过发现和隔离患者来阻止疾病传播的有效方法。例如，天花最终通过详尽的接触者追踪被根除。(Smallpox)
想象一下(Imagine)，你被要求列出你昨天接触过的每个人的名单。容易(Easy)，对吧？你知道你和谁住在一起，和谁交往。但它比这更复杂。您知道在杂货店排队等候的每个人的姓名和联系信息吗？(contact info)在公共交通工具上或在音乐会等拥挤的活动中怎么样？
Google和 Apple 的暴露通知系统(Exposure Notifications System)旨在通知您接触过但您无法直接识别的人。它在不牺牲任何人隐私的(sacrificing anyone’s privacy)情况下做到这一点。
什么是接触通知系统(Exposure Notifications System)？
当您选择加入系统 (iPhone) 或安装属于暴露通知系统(Exposure Notifications System)( Android ) 的应用程序时，它会通知您是否接触过COVID-19。这是它的工作原理。
- 为您的设备生成一个随机密钥。该密钥将每 10-20 分钟更改一次，以确保没有人可以使用它来识别您或您的位置。
- 设备使用蓝牙(Bluetooth)交换这些随机密钥，无论您是否打开应用程序。
- 您的手机会经常将与 COVID-19 阳性病例相关的随机密钥列表与您接触过的随机密钥列表进行比较。
- 如果找到匹配项，则意味着您已与与已确认病例相关联的密钥保持联系。在这种情况下，您将收到通知以及当地或州公共卫生当局的指示。
您可以看到这项技术如何使您在与COVID-19 患者(COVID-19)接触时更有可能收到通知，即使该人是陌生人。
您的身份和位置将保持私密(Location Will Remain Private)
谷歌(Google)和苹果(Apple)在考虑隐私的情况下共同构建了暴露通知系统。(Notifications System)
- 该计划是可选的。您可以随时关闭接触史通知(Exposure Notifications)。
- 其他用户看不到您的身份。谷歌(Google)或苹果(Apple)也不能。
- 系统不会跟踪您的位置。相反，它使用蓝牙(Bluetooth)来查看两个设备是否彼此靠近。既不收集也不利用设备的位置。
- 只有合法的公共卫生系统才能使用暴露通知系统(Exposure Notification System)，并且它们必须满足有关隐私、数据使用和安全的特定标准。
该系统仅在人们使用它时才有效，因此创建者有动力将用户信息保密。
我的地区有应用程序吗？
您可以查看此列表(check this list)以查看您所在地区是否已经创建了暴露通知系统(Exposure Notification System)应用程序。到目前为止，已有 43 个国家/地区拥有应用程序。在美国，有 25(United) 个(States)州或地区有可用的应用程序。该列表每两周更新一次。
If you don't see an app for your region, contact your elected officials and ask for one.
如果我的COVID-19检测呈阳性会怎样？
如果您的COVID-19检测呈阳性，您所在地区的卫生当局可能会与您联系。他们会给您一个代码，您可以使用该代码将您的诊断结果上传到暴露通知系统(Exposure Notifications System)。您的身份将保持私密。
如果接触史通知系统(Exposure Notifications System)的其他用户与您联系，他们会收到通知。他们将获得的唯一信息是他们暴露了多少天。同样(Again)，您的任何个人信息都不会与其他用户共享。
如果我接种了疫苗，我应该使用接触通知系统吗？(Exposure Notification System)
首先感谢您接种疫苗！您感染病毒的风险较低，而且如果您确实感染了突破性感染，那么您住院或死于该病毒的可能性就会大大降低。
其次，是的，即使您已经接种过疫苗，您也应该使用暴露通知系统。(Exposure Notification System)使用该系统的人越多，它的效果就越好。
此外，美国疾病(Centers)控制(Disease Control)和预防中心(Prevention)主任(Director)Rochelle Walensky 博士(Dr. Rochelle Walensky)最近表示，完全接种疫苗的人如果感染了COVID-19 ，就会传播病毒。
由于所有这些原因，即使您接种了疫苗，您仍应使用接触通知系统。(Exposure Notification System)
帮助结束 COVID-19 大流行
我们都想恢复正常的生活。这是否可能取决于我们的集体意愿和行动。除了接种疫苗、戴上口罩和保持社交距离之外，您还可以通过参与暴露通知系统(Exposure Notification System)来帮助为您的社区创造另一层保护。
What Is Google Exposure Notifications for COVID Protection?
Nearly a уear and a hаlf ago in March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic. Since then, variants have emerged. So far worldwide, there have been over 200 million cases and over four million confirmed deaths due to the νirus.
One of the most deadly pandemics in human history, COVID-19 has disrupted lives and economies, causing the biggest global recession since the Great Depression. While the spread of misinformation has increased tensions and decreased our collective ability to overcome the pandemic, there are a few bright spots. One ray of sunshine is the joint effort between tech giants Apple and Google to create the Exposure Notifications System for contact tracing.
Google and Apple say they have created the Exposure Notifications System “out of a shared sense of responsibility to help governments and our global community fight this pandemic through contact tracing.”
Whether or not you’ve been vaccinated, you can help protect your community. If you’re an Android user, you can find and install the app for your area. iPhone users can opt-in to Exposure Notifications in their device settings.
What Is Contact Tracing?
Contact tracing is the public health technique of finding anyone who came in contact with a confirmed case to test that person or monitor them for infection. It is an effective way to stop a disease from spreading by finding and isolating patients. Smallpox, for example, was ultimately eradicated by exhaustive contact tracing.
Imagine you are asked to make a list of everyone you came into contact with yesterday. Easy, right? You know who you live with and who you socialize with. But it’s more complicated than that. Do you know the name and contact info of every person you waited next to in line at the grocery store? How about on public transportation or at a crowded event like a concert?
Google and Apple’s Exposure Notifications System is designed to notify the people you came into contact with but who you can’t identify directly. And it does that without sacrificing anyone’s privacy.
What is the Exposure Notifications System?
When you opt in to the system (iPhone) or install an app that’s part of the Exposure Notifications System (Android), it’ll notify you if you’ve been exposed to COVID-19. Here’s how it works.
- A random key is generated for your device. That key will change every 10-20 minutes to ensure that no one can use it to identify you or your location.
- Devices exchange these random keys using Bluetooth, whether or not you have the app open.
- Your phone will frequently compare the list of random keys associated with positive COVID-19 cases against the list of random keys you have come into contact with.
- If it finds a match, that means you have been in contact with a key associated with a confirmed case. In that case, you’ll get a notification along with instructions on what to do from your local or state public health authority.
You can see how this technology makes it far more likely that you’ll be notified if you come in contact with someone who has COVID-19, even if that person is a stranger.
Your Identity and Location Will Remain Private
Google and Apple jointly built the Exposure Notifications System with privacy in mind.
- The program is opt-in. You can turn off Exposure Notifications any time you want.
- Other users can’t see your identity. Neither can Google or Apple.
- The system doesn’t track your location. Instead, it uses Bluetooth to see if two devices are near one another. The device’s location is neither collected nor utilized.
- Only legitimate public health systems can use the Exposure Notification System, and they have to meet specific criteria around privacy, data use, and security.
This system only works if people use it, so the creators have an incentive to keep users’ info private.
Does My Area Have an App Yet?
You can check this list to see if your region has created an Exposure Notification System app yet. So far, 43 countries have apps. In the United States, 25 states or regions have available apps. The list is updated every two weeks.
If you don’t see an app for your region, contact your elected officials and ask for one.
What Happens If I Test Positive for COVID-19?
If you test positive for COVID-19, your region’s health authority might contact you. They will give you a code you can use to upload your diagnosis into the Exposure Notifications System. Your identity will remain private.
If other users of the Exposure Notifications System came into contact with you, they’ll be notified. The only information they’ll get is how many days ago they were exposed. Again, none of your personal information will be shared with other users.
Should I Use the Exposure Notification System if I’m Vaccinated?
First, thank you for getting vaccinated! You’re at a lower risk for contracting the virus, and if you do get a breakthrough infection, you’re way less likely to wind up in the hospital or die from it.
Second, yes, you should use the Exposure Notification System even if you’ve been vaccinated. The more people who are using the system, the better it works.
Moreover, Dr. Rochelle Walensky, Director of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, recently said that fully vaccinated people who get a COVID-19 breakthrough infection can transmit the virus.
For all these reasons, you should still use the Exposure Notification System even if you’re vaccinated.
Help End the COVID-19 Pandemic
We all want to get back to normal life. Whether or not that’s possible depends on our collective will and action. Beyond getting vaccinated, wearing a mask, and practicing social distancing, you can help create another layer of protection for your community by taking part in the Exposure Notification System.
