每当您创建新文件或文件夹时，Windows操作系统都会为其分配一组默认权限。这些称为有效权限^{(Effective Permissions)}。创建文件或文件夹的用户也可以更改并为其分配特定权限。本文将简要讨论什么是Windows中^(Windows)文件^(Files)和文件夹^(Folders)的有效权限，并告诉您如何为任何用户或用户组查看它们。

用户和用户组^{(User Groups)}的有效权限

如前所述，有效权限^{(Permissions)}是任何用户或用户组的文件或文件夹的一组权限。为了保护用户的内容，Windows为每个文件或文件夹对象设置了一些权限。它授予用户特定的用户权限，这将允许用户或用户组读取、修改、删除等对象。最低权限是读取权限。

此图表源自Windows 帮助^{(Windows Help)}，列出了每组特殊权限的访问限制。

^{(View Effective Permissions)}查看用户^(User)或用户组的^{(User Groups)}有效权限

要查看任何文件或文件夹的有效权限^{(Effective Permissions)}，请右键单击它并选择属性，然后单击安全^(Security)选项卡。

接下来，单击“高级^(Advanced)”按钮，然后单击“有效权限^{(Permissions)}”选项卡。

现在点击选择。

在这里，输入用户或用户组的名称，然后单击确定。

所有或部分复选框将自动被选中。这些将指示特定用户或用户组对该文件或文件夹的有效权限。

如果您需要解决文件和文件夹权限问题，请选中此项。^{(Check this if you need to troubleshoot File and Folder Permission issues.)}

有效的权限工具

如果您想了解用户或组对对象的权限，可以使用有效权限工具^{(Effective Permissions tool)}。它计算授予指定用户或组的权限。该计算包括来自组成员身份的有效权限以及从父对象继承的任何权限。它查找用户或组所属的所有域和本地组。

AccessChk是一个命令行工具，用于查看文件、注册表项、服务、进程、内核对象等的有效权限。您可能也会对这个工具感兴趣。
NTFS 权限工具^{(NTFS Permissions Tool)}允许您为系统文件^{(System Files)}设置文件^{(Set File)}和文件夹权限^{(Folder Permissions)}。它有一个漂亮的用户界面。
Permissions Time Machine将帮助您删除文件访问^{(File Access)} 被拒绝^(Denied)或访问^(Access)被拒绝^(Denied)错误消息。

您可以在TechNet^(TechNet)上阅读有关在 Windows 和服务器中管理文件和文件夹权限的更多信息。^{(You can read more on managing file and folder permissions in Windows and Server at TechNet.)}

您现在可能想了解如何在 Windows中重置 NTFS 文件权限。^{(reset NTFS file permissions)}

Effective Permissions Tool for Files and Folders in Windows 10

Whenever you create a new file or folder, the Windows operatіng system will assign it a sеt of default pеrmissions. These are called Effective Permissions. The user who creates the file or folder can also change and assign specific permissions to it. This article will discuss in brief what are Effective Permissions for Files and Folders, in Windows and tell you how to view them, for any user or user group.

Effective Permissions for Users and User Groups

As mentioned, Effective Permissions is a set of permissions of the file or folder for any user or user group. To secure the contents of the user, Windows sets some permission for each file or folder object. It grants users specific user rights, that will allow the user or user group to read, modify, delete, etc the object. The minimum permission is the Read permission.

This chart, sourced from Windows Help, lists the access limitations for each set of the special permissions.

View Effective Permissions for User or User Groups

To view the Effective Permissions for any files or folders, right-click on it and select Properties and click on the Security tab.

Next, click on the Advanced button and then on the Effective Permissions tab.

Now click on Select.

Here, enter the name of a user or user group and click on OK.

All or some of the checkboxes will automatically get selected. These will indicate the effective permissions of the particular user or user group for that file or folder.

Check this if you need to troubleshoot File and Folder Permission issues.