VPN(VPNs)日新月异。如果您想要快速的服务器和更好的安全性，所有人都可以免费和付费使用它们。(for free)您可能听说过VPN 隧道(VPN Tunnel)。但是，你有没有想过它是什么以及它是如何工作的？这是您了解所有关于VPN 隧道(VPN Tunnel)和常见(Common)类型的VPN 隧道协议(VPN Tunneling protocols)的指南。
什么是 VPN 隧道
通常，当我们通过WiFi或以太网或移动数据将我们的设备连接到互联网时，我们的设备直接连接到互联网服务(Internet Service)提供商，中间没有任何东西。我们的整个流量都是通过互联网服务提供商路由的。
但是，当您通过VPN连接到互联网时，您并没有直接连接到互联网服务提供商。VPN充当您的设备和互联网服务提供商之间的中间人。您的全部流量和数据现在都通过VPN路由，您的互联网服务提供商无法访问它。在您的设备和VPN(VPN)之间建立的连接称为VPN隧道。在大多数免费VPN服务中，隧道未正确加密，从而使您的数据暴露在外。
阅读(Read)： 什么是 VPN，我们为什么要使用 VPN(What is a VPN, and Why should we use a VPN)？
VPN 隧道协议(VPN Tunneling Protocols)的常见类型(Types)
VPN隧道使用各种协议进行加密，这些协议依赖于每个VPN服务提供商并有所不同。每种类型的VPN隧道都为您提供一定程度的安全性，并确保您的数据安全。当我们在我们的设备上使用VPN程序时，我们不需要做任何事情。这些隧道协议由VPN程序承担。我们需要知道我们的VPN连接的安全性以及它们使用的隧道协议。让我们看看VPN 隧道协议(VPN Tunneling Protocols)的类型。
不同类型的VPN隧道协议是
- PPTP（点对点隧道协议(Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)）
- L2TP/IPsec
- SSTP
- 开放式VPN
- 线卫
让我们详细看看它们是什么。
1] PPTP（点对点隧道协议(Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)）
PPTP（点对点隧道协议(Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)）被认为是最不安全的隧道协议。它也是协议中最古老的。它由Microsoft创建并与Windows 95一起发布。您无需具备任何技术专长即可使用PPTP。您只需要一个(All)带有服务器地址的用户名和密码即可建立连接。PPTP也是最快的VPN 隧道(VPN Tunneling)协议，因为它的加密级别太低。如果您不关心安全性，那么这在速度方面可能对您有用。
2] L2TP/IPSec
第 2 层(Layer 2) 隧道协议(Tunneling Protocol)在安全性方面优于PPTP，在速度方面不被视为竞争。PPTP比L2TP更快。它没有自己的加密。通过此隧道发生的数据和流量使用Internet 协议安全(Internet Protocol Security)( IPSec ) 进行加密。L2TP/IPSec为用户提供最先进的加密技术，AES-256。L2TP因其高安全性而成为一种流行的协议，但它无法绕过一些限制性防火墙，因为它使用固定端口进行连接。
3] SSTP
安全套接字隧道协议(Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol)( SSTP ) 也是由Microsoft开发的，用于Windows Vista SP1和更高版本。它具有通过安全套接字层(Secure Sockets Layer)( SSL )传输数据的能力。因此(Hence)，名称安全套接字隧道协议(Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol)。SSL使用可以绕过大多数防火墙的不同端口来保护通过它的数据。SSTP在(SSTP)Windows上受原生支持，在任何其他平台上均不可用。甚至该协议也没有针对任何后门条目的可能性进行公开审核。
4] OpenVPN
OpenVPN是开源VPN隧道协议，它使用(VPN)AES-256（如L2TP ）对通过它的数据进行加密。两者的区别在于代码可以公开用于审计，任何人都可以找到漏洞并修复它们。这就是原因，它被认为是最安全的VPN隧道协议。此外，它在不同的平台上受支持，大多数VPN服务提供商出于同样的原因使用它。OpenVPN提供更快的连接，并且可以绕过几乎所有防火墙。
5]线卫
这是新的和最新的VPN隧道协议，旨在快速、安全、轻量级和易于使用。它是一种以安全为中心的协议，使用经过验证的加密协议和算法来保护数据。WireGuard在某些(WireGuard)VPN服务提供商上不可用，尽管它在速度和安全性方面比OpenVPN更好，因为它是最新技术，并且VPN服务提供商正在将其整合到他们的程序中。
这些是我们在VPN(VPN)中使用的各种类型的VPN隧道协议。
阅读(Read)：如何在 Windows 10 上导出和导入 VPN 连接。(How to Export and Import VPN connections on Windows 10.)
What is VPN Tunnel? Common Types of VPN Tunneling Protocols
VPNs аre becoming рopular with each pasѕing daу. They are available to everyone for free and premium if you want fast servers and better security. You might have heard about VPN Tunnel. But, have you ever wondered about what it is and how does it work? This is the guide for you to know all about VPN Tunnel and Common types of VPN Tunneling protocols.
What is VPN Tunnel
Normally, when we connect our devices to the internet via WiFi or ethernet, or mobile data, our devices directly connect to the Internet Service providers without anything in the middle. Our entire traffic is routed through the internet service provider.
But, when you connect to the internet through a VPN, you are not directly connected to the internet service provider. VPN acts as the middleman between your device and the internet service provider. Your entire traffic and data are now routed through VPN and your internet service provider has no access to it. The connection that establishes between your device and the VPN is called a VPN tunnel. In most of the free VPN services, the tunnels are not properly encrypted which leaves your data exposed.
Read: What is a VPN, and Why should we use a VPN?
Common Types of VPN Tunneling Protocols
VPN tunnels are encrypted using various protocols that depend and differ from every VPN service provider. Each type of VPN tunnel provides you with some level of security and makes your data secure. When we use a VPN program on our device, we don’t have to do anything. Those tunneling protocols are undertaken by the VPN program. There is a need that we have to know how secure are our VPN connections and what tunneling protocols are they using. Let’s see the types of VPN Tunneling Protocols.
The different types of VPN tunneling protocols are
- PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)
- L2TP/IPsec
- SSTP
- OpenVPN
- WireGuard
Let’s see what they are in detail.
1] PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) is considered the least secure tunneling protocol. It is also the oldest among the protocols. It was created by Microsoft and released with Windows 95. You don’t need to have any technical expertise to use PPTP. All you need is a username and password with a server address to make the connection. PPTP is also the fastest VPN Tunneling protocol since its encryption level is too low. If you don’t bother about security, this might work for you in terms of speed.
2] L2TP/IPSec
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol is better than PPTP in terms of security and not considered a competition in terms of speed. PPTP is speeder than L2TP. It does not have its own encryption. The data and traffic that happens through this tunnel are encrypted using Internet Protocol Security (IPSec). L2TP/IPSec provides the user with the most advanced encryption technology, AES-256. L2TP is a popular protocol for its high level of security but it cannot bypass some restrictive firewalls as it used fixed ports to connect.
3] SSTP
Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) is also developed by Microsoft and used with Windows Vista SP1 and later versions. It has the ability to transport data through Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). Hence, the name Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol. SSL secures the data that passes through it with different ports which can bypass most of the firewalls. SSTP is natively supported on Windows and not available on any other platforms. Even the protocol is not audited publicly for the possibility of any backdoor entries.
4] OpenVPN
OpenVPN is the open-source VPN tunneling protocol that encrypts the data that passes through it with AES-256 like L2TP. The difference between the two is the code that is available openly for audits and anyone can find the vulnerabilities and fix them. That is the reason, it is considered the most secure VPN tunneling protocol. Also, it is supported on different platforms and most of the VPN service providers use this for the same reason. OpenVPN provides faster connections and can bypass almost every firewall.
5] WireGuard
This is the new and latest VPN tunneling protocol which aims to be fast, secure, lightweight, and easy to use. It is a security-focused protocol that uses proven cryptography protocols and algorithms to secure the data. WireGuard is not available on some of the VPN service providers though it is better in speed and security than OpenVPN as it is the latest technology and the VPN service providers are in the process of incorporating it into their programs.
These are the various types of VPN tunneling protocols that we use in a VPN.
Read: How to Export and Import VPN connections on Windows 10.
