您可能听说过Windows 10中可用的BitLocker驱动器加密，但这并不是唯一一种加密方法，因为Windows Pro & Enterprise Edition还提供加密文件系统^{(Encrypting File System)}或EFS。BitLocker和EFS加密之间的主要区别在于BitLocker加密整个驱动器，而EFS允许您加密单个文件和文件夹。

^(BitLocker)如果您想加密整个驱动器以保护您的敏感或个人数据并且加密不绑定到任何用户帐户，BitLocker非常有用，简而言之，一旦管理员在驱动器上启用BitLocker，每个用户帐户在那台 PC 上，该驱动器将被加密。BitLocker的唯一缺点是它依赖于PC 必须随附的受信任平台模块或TPM硬件，以便您使用^(TPM)BitLocker加密。

加密文件系统^{(File System)}( EFS ) 对于只保护其单个文件或文件夹而不是整个驱动器的人非常有用。EFS与特定用户帐户绑定，即加密文件只能由加密这些文件和文件夹的特定用户帐户访问。但是，如果使用不同的用户帐户，那么这些文件和文件夹将变得完全无法访问。

EFS的加密密钥存储在Windows内部，而不是 PC 的TPM硬件（在BitLocker中使用）。使用EFS的缺点是攻击者可以从系统中提取加密密钥，而BitLocker则没有这个缺点。但是，EFS仍然是一种快速保护 PC 上由多个用户共享的个人文件和文件夹的简单方法。无论如何^(Anyway)，不​​要浪费任何时间，让我们看看如何在Windows 10中使用加密文件系统^{(Encrypting File System)}( EFS )加密文件^(Files)和文件夹^(Folders)在下面列出的教程的帮助下。

^{(Encrypt Files)}在Windows 10^{(Windows 10)}中使用加密文件系统^{(Encrypting File System)}( EFS )加密文件和文件夹^(Folders)

注意：^(Note:)加密文件系统^{(File System)}( EFS ) 仅适用于Windows 10 专业版^(Pro)、企业^(Enterprise)版和教育^(Education)版。

方法一：如何在 Windows 10 中启用加密文件系统 (EFS)^{(Method 1: How to Enable Encrypting File System (EFS) in Windows 10)}

1. 按Windows Key + E打开文件资源管理器^{(File Explorer)}，然后导航到要加密的文件或文件夹。

2. 右键单击​​此文件或文件夹^{(this file or folder)}，然后选择属性。^{(Properties.)}

3. 在常规选项卡下单击高级按钮。^{(Advanced button.)}

4. 现在选中“加密内容以保护数据^{(Encrypt contents to secure data)}”，然后单击确定。^(Ok.)

6. 接下来，单击应用^(Apply)，将打开一个弹出窗口，询问仅将更改应用于此文件夹^{(Apply changes to this folder only)}或将更改应用于此文件夹、子文件夹^{(Apply changes to this folder, subfolders)} 和文件。^{(and files.)}

7. 选择您想要的，然后单击“确定”继续。^{( OK to continue.)}

8. 现在，您使用EFS加密的文件或文件夹将^(EFS)在缩略图的右上角^{(small icon on the thumbnail’s top-right corner.)}有一个小图标。

如果将来您需要禁用文件或文件夹的加密，请取消选中^(uncheck)文件夹或文件属性下的“加密内容以保护数据”框，然后单击“确定”。^{(Encrypt contents to secure data)}

方法 2：如何在命令提示符中使用加密文件系统 (EFS) 加密文件和文件夹^{(Method 2: How to Encrypt Files and Folders with Encrypting File System (EFS) in Command Prompt)}

1.打开命令提示符^{(Command Prompt)}。用户可以通过搜索“cmd”然后按 Enter 来执行此步骤。

2. 现在在 cmd 中输入以下命令并按Enter：

将更改应用到此文件夹、子文件夹和文件：^{(Apply changes to this folder, subfolders and files:)}密码 /e /s:”文件夹的完整路径”。
仅将更改应用到此文件夹： ^{(Apply changes to this folder only: )} cipher /e “带有扩展名的文件夹或文件的完整路径”。

注意：将文件夹或文件的完整路径^(Note:) 替换^(Replace)为您要加密的实际文件或文件夹，例如 cipher /e “C:UsersAdityaDesktopTroubleshooter” 或 cipher /e “C:UsersAdityaDesktopTroubleshooterFile.txt”。

3. 完成后关闭命令提示符。

这就是您 在 Windows 10 中使用加密文件系统 (EFS) 加密文件和文件夹的方式，^{(Encrypt Files and Folders with Encrypting File System (EFS) in Windows 10,)}但您的工作尚未完成，因为您仍需要备份EFS加密密钥。

如何备份您的加密文件系统 (EFS) 加密密钥^{(How to back up your Encrypting File System (EFS) encryption key)}

为任何文件或文件夹启用EFS后，任务栏中将出现一个小图标，可能位于电池或WiFi图标旁边。单击^(Click)系统托盘中的EFS图标以打开证书导出向导。 ^{( Certificate Export Wizard. )}如果您想要有关如何在 Windows 10 中备份 EFS 证书和密钥的详细教程，请转到此处。^{(How to Back Up Your EFS Certificate and Key in Windows 10, go here.)}

1.首先^(First)，确保将USB驱动器插入 PC。

2. 现在单击系统中的EFS图标尝试启动证书导出向导。^{(Certificate Export Wizard.)}

注意：^(Note:)或Press Windows Key + R然后键入 certmgr.msc并按 Enter 打开证书管理器。^{( Certificates Manager.)}

3. 向导打开后，单击立即备份（推荐）。^{(Back up now (recommended).)}

4. 单击下一步^{( Next)}，然后再次单击下一步继续。
^{(Next to continue. )}

5. 在安全^(Security)屏幕上，选中“密码^(Password)”框，然后在字段中输入密码。

6. 再次输入相同的密码进行确认，然后单击下一步。^{( Next.)}

7. 现在单击浏览按钮^{(Browse button)}，然后导航到USB驱动器并在文件名下键入任何名称。

注意：^(Note:)这将是您的加密密钥备份的名称。

8. 单击保存，然后单击下一步。^(Next.)

9. 最后，单击Finish关闭向导，然后单击OK。

如果您无法访问您的用户帐户，此加密密钥备份将非常方便，因为此备份可用于访问 PC 上的加密文件或文件夹。

受到推崇的：^{(Recommended:)}

• 在 Windows 10 中启用或禁用表情符号面板^{(Enable or Disable Emoji Panel in Windows 10)}
• 在 Windows 10 中打开提升的 Windows PowerShell 的 7 种方法^{(7 Ways to Open Elevated Windows PowerShell in Windows 10)}
• 在 Windows 10 中启用或禁用加密文件的索引^{(Enable or Disable Indexing Of Encrypted Files In Windows 10)}
• 在 Windows 10 中备份您的 EFS 证书和密钥^{(Back-Up Your EFS Certificate and Key in Windows 10)}

就是这样，您已经成功学习了如何在 Windows 10 中使用加密文件系统 (EFS) 加密文件和文件夹，^{(How to Encrypt Files and Folders with Encrypting File System (EFS) in Windows 10)}但如果您对这篇文章仍有任何疑问，请随时在评论部分提出。

Encrypt Files and Folders with Encrypting File System (EFS) in Windows 10

You may have heard about BitLocker drive encryption available in Windows 10, bυt that’s not the only one encryption method out there, because Windows Pro & Enterprise Edition also offers Εncrypting File System or EFS. The mаin difference between BіtLocker & EFS encryption is that BіtLockеr encrypts an entire drive whereas EFS lets you encrypt indivіdual files and foldеrs.

BitLocker is very useful if you want to encrypt the entire drive to protect your sensitive or personal data and the encryption isn’t tied to any user account, in short, once BitLocker is enabled on a drive-by an administrator, every single user account on that PC will have that drive as encrypted. The only drawback of BitLocker is that it is dependent on trusted platform module or TPM hardware which must come with your PC for you to use BitLocker encryption.

Encrypting File System (EFS) is useful for those who only protect their individual file or folders rather than the entire drive. EFS is tied to the particular user account, i.e. encrypted files can only be accessed by the particular user account who encrypted those files & folders. But if a different user account is used, then those files & folders will become completely inaccessible.

EFS’s encryption key is stored inside the Windows rather than the PC’s TPM hardware (used in BitLocker). The drawback of using EFS is that the encryption key can be extracted by an attacker from the system, whereas BitLocker doesn’t have this shortcoming. But still, EFS is an easy way to quickly protect your individual files & folders on PC shared by several users. Anyway, without wasting any time, let’s see How to Encrypt Files and Folders with Encrypting File System (EFS) in Windows 10 with the help of the below-listed tutorial.

Encrypt Files and Folders with Encrypting File System (EFS) in Windows 10

Note: Encrypting File System (EFS) is only available with Windows 10 Pro, Enterprise, and Education edition.

Method 1: How to Enable Encrypting File System (EFS) in Windows 10

1. Press Windows Key + E to open File Explorer and then navigate to the file or folder you want to encrypt.

2. Right-click on this file or folder then selects Properties.

3. Under General tab clicks on the Advanced button.

4. Now checkmark “Encrypt contents to secure data” then click Ok.

6. Next, click Apply and a pop-up window will open asking either Apply changes to this folder only or Apply changes to this folder, subfolders and files.

7. Select what you want then click OK to continue.

8. Now files or folders you have encrypted with EFS will have a small icon on the thumbnail’s top-right corner.

If in future you need to disable the encryption on the files or folders, then uncheck “Encrypt contents to secure data” box under the folder or file properties and click OK.

Method 2: How to Encrypt Files and Folders with Encrypting File System (EFS) in Command Prompt

1. Open Command Prompt. The user can perform this step by searching for ‘cmd’ and then press Enter.

2. Now type the following command into cmd and hit Enter:

Apply changes to this folder, subfolders and files: cipher /e /s:”full path of the folder.”
Apply changes to this folder only: cipher /e “full path of folder or file with the extension.”

Note: Replace full path of folder or file with extension with the actual file or folder you want to encrypt, for example, cipher /e “C:\Users\Aditya\Desktop\Troubleshooter” or cipher /e “C:\Users\Aditya\Desktop\Troubleshooter\File.txt”.

3. Close command prompt when finished.

That’s is how you Encrypt Files and Folders with Encrypting File System (EFS) in Windows 10, but your work isn’t complete yet, as you still need to back up your EFS encryption key.

How to back up your Encrypting File System (EFS) encryption key

Once you enabled the EFS for any file or folder, a small icon will appear in the taskbar, probably next to the battery or WiFi icon. Click on the EFS icon in the system tray to open the Certificate Export Wizard. If you want a detailed tutorial of How to Back Up Your EFS Certificate and Key in Windows 10, go here.

1. First, make sure to plug in your USB drive into the PC.

2. Now click on the EFS icon from the system try to launch the Certificate Export Wizard.

Note: Or Press Windows Key + R then type certmgr.msc and hit Enter to open Certificates Manager.

3. Once the wizard opens, click Back up now (recommended).

4. Click on Next and again click Next to continue.

5. On the Security screen, checkmark “Password” box then type a password in the field.

6. Again type the same password to confirm it and click Next.

7. Now click on Browse button then navigate to the USB drive and under file name type any name.

Note: This would be the name of the backup of your encryption key.

8. Click Save then click on Next.

9. Finally, click Finish to close the wizard and click OK.

This backup of your encryption key will come very handy if you ever lose access to your user account, as this backup can be used to access the encrypted file or folders on the PC.

Recommended:

• Enable or Disable Emoji Panel in Windows 10
• 7 Ways to Open Elevated Windows PowerShell in Windows 10
• Enable or Disable Indexing Of Encrypted Files In Windows 10
• Back-Up Your EFS Certificate and Key in Windows 10

That’s it you have successfully learned How to Encrypt Files and Folders with Encrypting File System (EFS) in Windows 10 but if you still have any questions regarding this post then feel free to ask them in the comment’s section.

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