电子(Video)游戏是各行各业数百万人的爱好。每个人都有一款游戏，但不是每个想要参与这项爱好的人都可以。
那些影响视力、行动能力或任何其他需要按预期玩电子游戏的残疾的人，不必错过乐趣。
对于残疾游戏玩家来说，有多种选择可以帮助弥合差距并让他们重新回到游戏中。每个人(Every person)的残疾(s disability)都是独一无二的，但是通过结合几种广泛的方法，您可以为每种情况制定独特的解决方案。
自适应游戏手柄(Adaptive Gamepads)
普通游戏手柄是一项出色的工程和设计(engineering and design)。如此之多，以至于我们经常看到它们用于其他目的。不幸的是，它们还需要大量的协调性和灵巧性(coordination and dexterity)，更不用说两只手各有五个手指了！
好消息是您可以使用自适应游戏手柄创建自己的自定义游戏手柄解决方案。(custom gamepad solution)在撰写本文时，唯一的商业选择是Microsoft 自适应 Xbox One 控制器( Microsoft adaptive Xbox One controller)。它本质上是一个集线器，可以连接到代表标准Xbox 控制器上的每个按钮、(Xbox controller)触发器和控件(trigger and control)的各种设备。
互联网上有许多示例设置，这些设置允许四肢缺失和行动不便的玩家将身体的每个部位用作潜在的输入源(input source)。最重要的是，它兼容任何Xbox One游戏，进而兼容任何支持标准控制器的Windows 游戏！(Windows game)
替代输入选项(Alternative Input Options)
正如自适应Xbox 控制器(Xbox controller)已经展示的那样，那里有许多物理控制选项。我们只需要稍微跳出框框思考，就能看到告诉电子游戏(video game)该做什么的大量方法。
例如，假设您没有一只手，因此使用键盘和鼠标(keyboard and mouse)玩第一人称射击游戏会很困难。您可以做的是用您的工作手操作鼠标并使用脚踏板(hand and use foot pedals)来接管WASD 功能(WASD functionality)。
这听起来可能不直观，但这就像学习开车一样。一段时间后，您的自定义控制方案(custom control scheme)将成为第二天性。有些人用舞蹈革命垫击败了(Dance Revolution mat)黑暗之魂(Dark Souls)。相比之下，用脚踏板绕圈扫射毫无意义。
这个清单还在继续，几乎涵盖了身体的每一个部位(body part)。使用正确的软件(right software)很容易设置语音控制(Voice control)宏。如今，您还可以花很少的钱获得眼动追踪硬件。诀窍是专注于身体仍能正常工作的部位，然后寻找任何设计为由该身体部位操作的(body part)控制系统(control system)。说真的，甚至还有一个Kickstarter用于基本上是一个对接控制器(butt controller)。
辅助功能设置(Accessibility Settings)
许多开发者开始意识到他们需要在创建游戏时考虑到残疾游戏玩家。例如，现在许多游戏都带有针对色盲用户的设置。也可以通过例如改变文本大小或 UI 元素的位置来修改游戏的用户界面。
虽然我们可能不这么认为，但大多数游戏都有其他常见的设置，也可以作为一种可访问性调整(accessibility tweak)。首先想到的是游戏难度滑块(game difficulty slider)。
将游戏设置为较低的难度可以使游戏适应反应时间或移动性有限的玩家。没有所谓的“正确”难度(” difficulty)设置。只是一个有趣但具有挑战性的关卡——而不是令人沮丧和不愉快的关卡。
即使只使用鼠标和键盘(mouse and keyboard)，控制灵敏度和自定义按钮映射(custom button mapping)也是适应游戏的强大方法。尝试从可访问性的角度(accessibility viewpoint)查看特定游戏中提供的设置，您可能会发现可以重新构想一些设置，以通过许多不同的方式帮助简化游戏玩法。
3D 打印和社区模组(3D Printing & Community Mods)
虽然自适应游戏手柄现在很重要，但勇敢的改装者改变现有设备以适应残疾玩家的历史由来已久。
您可以在YouTube(YouTube)和改装网站上找到任意数量的指南，其中按钮在标准控制器上移动或重新映射。3D 打印设备的广泛使用意味着您还可以下载结构模型的计划并打印您自己的版本。
还有一些改装论坛，您可以在特定问题(problem doesn)似乎没有现有解决方案的情况下寻求帮助。网络上总有一个勇敢的修补匠，他有能力解决您的独特挑战。第一步是解决问题。
一个很好的例子是这个简单的单手 Switch 控制器(one-handed Switch controller)模块，这是一个 3D 打印的对象，允许玩家只用一只手操作控制台。最初的创作者想帮助一位朋友，但最终帮助了每个只会使用一只手并且喜欢玩《荒野之(Wild)息(Breath)》之类的游戏的人。
智能游戏选择(Smart Game Selection)
虽然它可能不是最受欢迎的选择，但一些残疾游戏玩家可能不得不探索更适合他们个人情况的游戏类型。例如，回合制RPG(RPGs)可以拥有精彩的故事、精美的图形和深刻的游戏玩法。
他们只是不依赖抽搐反射来玩。另一方面，如果您因为阅读障碍等疾病而无法阅读文本，那么避免使用大量文本的(trouble reading text)RPG(RPGs)可能是更好的选择。
当然，每个游戏玩家对游戏类型和机制(game genre and mechanics)都有自己的品味。因此，不要将此作为放弃您真正想玩的游戏的建议。相反，这是寻找能够提供最大程度的娱乐和乐趣(entertainment and fun)的标题的一种策略，而且挫折感最少。
欢迎大家(All Are Welcome)
游戏不应该是只属于健全人的爱好。最重要的是要意识到，对于那些面临我们大多数人不必面对的独特挑战的游戏玩家来说，总有一些选择。一旦你相信有解决方案，你就有可能找到它。
What Are The Options For Gamers With Disabilities?
Video games are a hobby enjoyed by millions of people from all walks of lifе. There’s a game оut there for everyone, but not everyone who wantѕ to participate in the hobbу can.
People who live with disabilities that affect their vision, mobility or any other faculty you need to play video games as intended, don’t need to miss out on the fun.
There are various options for gamers who deal with disabilities to help bridge the gap and get them back in the game. Every person’s disability is unique, but by combining several broad approaches, you can craft a unique solution for each situation.
Adaptive Gamepads
The common gamepad is a brilliant piece of engineering and design. So much so, that we often see them used for other purposes. Unfortunately, they also require plenty of coordination and dexterity, not to mention two hands with five fingers each!
The good news is that you can create your own custom gamepad solution using an adaptive gamepad. The only commercial option at the time of writing is the Microsoft adaptive Xbox One controller. It’s essentially a hub that can connect to a vast variety of devices that stand in for every button, trigger and control found on a standard Xbox controller.
There are many example setups to find on the internet, which allows players with missing limbs and limited mobility to use every part of their body as a potential input source. Best of all, it’s compatible with any Xbox One game and, by extension, any Windows game that supports the standard controller!
Alternative Input Options
As the adaptive Xbox controller already demonstrates, there are a multitude of physical control options out there. We only need to think slightly outside of the box to see the vast number of ways you can tell a video game what to do.
For example, let’s say you don’t have the use of one of your hands, so playing a first-person shooter with a keyboard and mouse would prove difficult. What you could do is to operate the mouse with your working hand and use foot pedals to take over WASD functionality.
It might sound unintuitive, but it’s like learning to drive. After a while your custom control scheme will become second nature. There are people out there who have beaten Dark Souls with a Dance Revolution mat. Circle-strafing with foot pedals is nothing in comparison.
The list goes on and covers almost every body part. Voice control macros are pretty easy to set up using the right software. You can also get eye-tracking hardware for surprisingly little money these days. The trick is to focus on the parts of the body that still work well and then look for any control system designed to be operated by that body part. Seriously, there’s even a Kickstarter for what’s basically a butt controller.
Accessibility Settings
Many developers are starting to realize that they need to take disabled gamers into account when creating their titles. For example, many games now come with a setting for color-blind users. It may also be possible to modify the user interface of a game by, for example, altering text sizes or the position of UI elements.
While we might not think of them as such, there are other settings common to most games that can also act as a sort of accessibility tweak. The first one that comes to mind is the game difficulty slider.
Setting the game to a lower difficulty can be a way to adapt the game for players with limited reaction times or mobility. There’s no such thing as a “correct” difficulty setting. Simply a level that’s fun, but challenging – as opposed to frustrating and unpleasant.
Control sensitivity and custom button mapping are also powerful ways to adapt a game even if only using a mouse and keyboard. Try to look at the settings that are provided within a particular game from an accessibility viewpoint and you may find some can be reimagined to help ease gameplay in many different ways.
3D Printing & Community Mods
While it’s great that adaptive gamepads are now a thing, there’s a long history of intrepid modders changing existing equipment to accommodate disabled players.
You can find any number of guides on YouTube and modding sites where buttons are moved or remapped on standard controllers. The widespread availability of 3D printing facilities means you can also download the plans for structural mods and print your own version of it.
There are also modding forums where you can ask for help in situations where a particular problem doesn’t seem to have an existing solution. There’s always an intrepid tinkerer out on the web who has the savvy to solve your unique challenges. The first step is putting the problem out there.
One great example is this simple one-handed Switch controller mod, a 3D-printed object that allows players to operate the console using just one hand. The original creator wanted to help a friend, but ended up helping everyone who only has the use of one hand and would love to play something like Breath of the Wild.
Smart Game Selection
While it might not be the most popular option, some gamers with disabilities might have to explore game genres that better suit their personal circumstances. For example, turn-based RPGs can have fantastic stories, great graphics and deep gameplay.
They just don’t rely on twitch reflexes in order to be playable. If you have trouble reading text because of a condition such as dyslexia on the other hand, avoiding text-heavy RPGs might be a better option.
Of course, every gamer has their own taste in game genre and mechanics. So don’t take this as advice to abandon the games you really want to play. Rather, it’s one strategy to finding titles that will provide the maximum amount of entertainment and fun, with the least frustration.
All Are Welcome
Gaming shouldn’t be a hobby reserved for the able-bodied alone. The most important thing is to be aware that there are always options for gamers who have unique challenges most of us don’t have to live with. Once you believe a solution is out there, chances are you’ll find it.
