如今，移动设备正成为个人技术的常态，这意味着您每天使用的大多数技术都包含某种电池。这意味着当果汁用完时你需要给它充电，但你真的知道正确的充电方法吗？
许多人似乎对电池充电表示怀疑。有很多神话和彻头彻尾的不良做法，所以我们决定整理一份关于电池充电的权威指南，这样你就可以花更少的时间担心你的电池，而有更多的时间享受你的小工具。
电池充电化学
关于电池，您需要了解的最重要的事情之一是制造电池的方法截然不同。所有电池都使用化学物质来储存电能，但工作中的特定化学物质决定了电池的特性。
例如，镍镉电池可以相对快速地充电，但会受到所谓的“记忆效应”的影响，如果电池在充电前没有完全放电，容量似乎会降低。镍(Nickel)金属氢化物电池的容量比镍镉电池高，但对过度充电很敏感，不能承受尽可能多的充电循环。
对于大多数现代电子产品，选择的电池化学成分是锂离子。特别是锂聚合物电池。这些电池具有最高的功率重量比，非常适合手机、笔记本电脑和无人机。这篇文章主要是关于锂离子电池，因为它们现在很常见。
如果您需要处理使用另一种化学物质的电池充电，请务必针对它们各自的怪癖做一些功课。电池大学(Battery University)是一个很好的起点。
电池寿命
锂(Lithium)聚合物电池几乎没有以前流行的电池类型所具有的缺点。没有记忆效应，它们现在充电速度很快，而且非常实惠。但是，每次完成完整的充放电循环时，它们都会磨损。每个电池都经过一定次数的这些循环，之后其最大容量开始下降。最终，电池将无法容纳有用的电量，必须更换。
如今，手机、平板电脑甚至一些笔记本电脑等设备都没有可拆卸的电池。因此，更换它们通常需要昂贵的访问授权经销商。
好消息是您可以通过多种方式延长电池的使用寿命。查看我们的详细指南，了解如何保护您的电池(preserve your battery)并避免过早更换电池。
这在很大程度上与充电习惯有关，例如让锂电池每月一次或两次放电至 50%，或者在充满电后将某些设备关闭交流电源。然而，它比这更细微，所以如果电池寿命是你关心的问题，一定要看看前面提到的文章。
使用正确的充电器
锂电池实际上非常不稳定，这就是为什么法规要求它们具有复杂的保护措施以防止熄火、爆炸和其他危险事件的发生。
您可能还记得几年前进口的电动滑板车烧毁了几个人的房屋。这是因为这些设备缺乏欧洲和美国当局规定的安全功能。所以里面的锂电池充电不当，引起失控反应。
这就是为什么只使用符合欧盟、美国(USA)或您居住地区安全标准的电池充电设备非常重要的原因。请勿购买或使用未经此认证的充电器或电池。虽然智能手机等设备本身具有防止此类灾难性故障的安全功能，但它们至少部分依赖于连接的充电器
虽然安全是使用正确充电器的重要原因，但将正确充电器与您的设备匹配的另一个原因是充电速度。不同的设备可能有不同的快速充电标准。因此，如果您使用的充电器和手机的快速充电标准不匹配，它们将退回到标准的最低公分母。
USB具有安全但非常慢的基本充电速度。高通(Qualcomm)有“快速充电”，三星(Samsung)有“自适应快速充电”，USB 3.1 over USB-C有“供电”。
大多数现代充电器都支持多种快速充电模式，因此很可能其中至少有一种可以与您的设备配合使用。但是，在几乎所有情况下，使用与设备制造商相同的充电器，您都会获得最佳效果。
一些移动电源，例如这款Romoss 30+ model，几乎支持所有连接类型以及快速充电(Quick Charge)和USB-C 供电(USB-C Power Delivery)。它还可以自行快速充电，这与这么大的银行有很大的不同。
顺便说一句，如果您想了解更多关于移动电源的信息，请查看我们关于这些方便的便携式电源砖(handy portable power bricks)的详细文章。
软件电池充电控制
包含锂电池的现代设备（例如智能手机或笔记本电脑）通常具有复杂的电池充电软件，可帮助管理这些电池的健康状况。它们监控温度和电压，保留电池历史的详细记录，并根据设备的用途控制充电水平。
例如，即使您的手机显示电量为 100%，但实际情况可能比这略低。因为锂电池如果一直保持在 100% 的容量会更快地退化，所以如果一夜之间插电，手机会放电一点，以防止对电池造成压力。
最新的macOS设备也具有此功能(this feature)。如果您主要使用插入的MacBook，电池将放电至 90% 并保持在原位，从而大大延长电池的使用寿命。
长期电池存储
这带来了电池充电的另一个问题：设备存储。锂电池(Lithium)会自行放在架子上以缓慢的速度放电。如果您让它们完全耗尽，电池可能会永久无法使用。但是，将它们充电到 100% 然后存储它们也不是一个好主意，原因与我们上面讨论的相同。
我们可以从大疆无人机中的(DJI’s drones)“智能”电池中吸取教训。这些电池自使用以来的时间。将它们放在架子上太久，它们会自行放电到大约 60% 的容量，然后尝试保持该容量。
如果您要长期存放手机或其他锂设备，请在存放之前将其充电至 60% 左右。然后每月检查一次以确保电池电量未低于 30%。如果它接近该数字，则将其充电至 60%。这样，当您需要再次使用时，电池应该仍然没问题。
锂电池复兴
锂电池内部有一个保护电路，如果电池放电过多，它会使电池进入睡眠状态。在某些情况下，可以通过使用具有“升压”模式的特殊充电器使这些电池恢复活力。
这并不总是成功的，如果电池过度放电的时间过长，尝试这样做可能很危险。如果您的电池无法简单更换，我们建议您将其送至专家处尝试修复。
电池充电安全
正如我们之前提到的，锂电池(Lithium)非常不稳定。尽管现代锂电池内置了许多安全功能，但它们仍然会失效。最敏感的时间之一是充电期间，因此在为锂供电设备充电时需要格外警惕。
切勿使用膨胀、膨胀的电池为设备充电。虽然在为锂电池充电时有点热是正常的，但非常热的设备可能是即将出现故障的迹象。
仔细考虑(Think)在哪里为设备充电。它们是否靠近其他容易燃烧的物体？最好在可以控制电池故障的指定区域为锂设备充电。如果您真的担心，请考虑购买 Lipo Guard(Lipo Guard)。您可以在其中放置充电设备或电池，如果它们发生故障，爆炸和火焰将包含在袋子的特殊材料中。
更换电池
无论您如何处理电池，它们最终都需要更换。无论(Whether)您是自己执行此操作还是请专业人员进行安装，请务必小心您选择的电池。市场上有许多假冒电池或劣质未经授权的更换电池。
它们可能看起来很有吸引力，具有相同的纸上规格和容量，但价格较低。但是，使用这种电池会显着增加出现问题的机会。所有那些因手机在他们的脸上或口袋里爆炸而受伤的故事，往往都是使用仿冒电池。只是为了省几块钱是不值得的。
The Definitive Guide to Battery Charging
Mobile devices are becomіng the norm when it comes to рersonal technology these days, whіch means that most of the technology you use every day contains somе sort of batterу. That means you neеd to charge it up when the juice runs out, but do you really know the right way to do it?
Many people seem to be in doubt when it comes to battery charging. There are plenty of myths and downright poor practices floating around, so we’ve decided to throw together a definitive guide to battery charging, so you can spend less time worrying about your batteries and more time enjoying your gadgets.
Battery Charging Chemistry
One of the most important things you need to know about batteries is that there are drastically different ways of making one. All batteries use chemicals to store electrical energy, but the specific chemistry at work determines what that battery’s characteristics are.
For example, nickel-cadmium batteries can be charged relatively quickly, but suffer from the so-called “memory effect” where capacity seems to diminish if the battery isn’t completely discharged before recharging. Nickel metal hydride batteries have a higher capacity than nickel cadmium, but are sensitive to overcharging and can’t stand up to as many charge cycles.
For most modern electronics, the battery chemistry of choice is lithium ion. Specifically lithium polymer batteries. These batteries have the highest power to weight ratio, which makes them perfect for mobile phones, laptops and drones. This article is primarily about lithium ion batteries, because they are so common now.
If you need to deal with charging batteries that use another chemistry, make a point of doing some homework on their respective quirks. An excellent place to start is the Battery University.
Battery Lifespan
Lithium polymer batteries have almost none of the drawbacks previous popular battery types have. There’s no memory effect, they charge pretty quickly these days and are very affordable. However, they do wear out every time you complete a full charge-discharge cycle. Each battery is rated for a certain number of these cycles, after which its maximum capacity starts to decline. Eventually the battery won’t hold a useful amount of charge and will have to be replaced.
These days, devices like phones, tablets and even some laptops don’t have batteries that can be removed. So replacing them usually requires an expensive visit to an authorized dealer.
The good news is that you can extend the useful life of a battery in a variety of ways. Check out our detailed guide on how to preserve your battery and keep it from needing replaced sooner than necessary.
A lot of this has to do with charging habits, such as allowing lithium batteries to discharge to 50% once or twice a month or taking certain devices off AC power once full. It’s a little more nuanced than that however, so be sure to give the aforementioned article a look if battery longevity is an issue that concerns you.
Using The Right Charger
Lithium batteries are actually pretty volatile, which is why regulations require that they have sophisticated protections to prevent flame outs, explosions and other dangerous events happening.
You may recall that imported electric scooters were responsible for burning down several people’s homes a few years ago. That’s because these devices lacked the safety features mandated by European and US authorities. So the lithium batteries inside received improper charging, causing a runaway reaction.
This is why it’s very important to only use battery charging equipment that conforms to the safety standards of the EU, the USA or the territory in which you live. Do not buy or use chargers or batteries that are not certified in this way. While devices such as smartphones themselves have safety features to prevent these types of catastrophic failures, they rely at least partly on the attached charger
While safety is an important reason to use the correct charger, the other reason to match the right charger to your device is charging speed. Different devices may have different fast-charging standards. So if you use a charger and phone with mismatched fast charging standards, they’ll fall back to the standard lowest common denominator.
USB has a safe, but very slow basic charging speed. Qualcomm has “Quick Charge”, Samsung has “Adaptive Fast Charging” and USB 3.1 over USB-C has “Power Delivery”.
Most modern chargers support multiple fast charging modes, so it’s likely at least one of them will work with your device. However in almost all cases you’ll get the best results with a charger from the same manufacturer as the device.
Some power banks, such as this Romoss 30+ model support just about every connection type and both Quick Charge and USB-C Power Delivery. It can also fast charge itself, which makes a huge difference with a bank that large.
Incidentally, if you want to know more about power banks, check out our detailed article on these handy portable power bricks.
Software Battery Charge Controls
Modern devices that contain lithium batteries such as smartphones or laptops usually have sophisticated battery charging software that helps manage the health of those batteries. They monitor the temperature and voltages, keeps detailed records of the battery history, and controls the charge level based on what the device is being used for.
For example, even if your phone shows that it’s at 100% charge, the truth is probably somewhere slightly lower than this. Because lithium batteries degrade more quickly if they are constantly kept at 100% capacity, the phone will discharge a little if left plugged in overnight, to prevent stress to the battery.
The latest macOS devices also have this feature. If you mainly use your MacBook plugged in, the battery will discharge to 90% and stay there, drastically increasing the lifespan of the battery.
Long-term Battery Storage
This brings up another issue with battery charging: device storage. Lithium batteries will discharge at a slow rate all by themselves sitting on a shelf. If you leave them to drain completely, the battery may become permanently unusable. However, charging them to 100% and then storing them isn’t a great idea either, for the same reasons we just discussed above.
We can take a lesson from “intelligent” batteries such as those found in DJI’s drones. These batteries time how long it’s been since they’ve been used. Leave them on the shelf for too long and they’ll self discharge to about 60% capacity and then try to maintain that.
If you’re going to put a phone or other lithium device away over the long term, charge it up to around 60% before putting it away. Then check once a month to ensure the battery hasn’t gone below 30%. If it gets close to that figure charge it back up to 60%. This way the battery should still be fine when you need to use it again.
Lithium Battery Revival
Lithium batteries have a protection circuit in them that will put the battery to sleep if it gets discharged too much. In some cases it’s possible to bring these batteries back to life by using special chargers that have a “boost” mode.
This is not always successful and if the battery has been over-discharged for too long it can be dangerous to attempt this. If you have a battery that can’t simply be replaced, we recommend taking it to a specialist for an attempted revival.
Battery Charging Safety
As we noted earlier, Lithium batteries are pretty volatile. While modern lithium batteries have many safety features built in, they do still fail. One of the most sensitive times is during charging, so you need to be extra vigilant when juicing up your lithium-powered device.
Never charge a device with a puffy, swollen battery. While a bit of heat is normal when charging a lithium battery, a very hot device could be a sign of imminent failure.
Think carefully about where you charge your devices. Are they close to other objects that could burn up easily? It’s better to charge lithium devices in a designated area where battery failure can be contained. If you’re really concerned, consider getting a Lipo Guard. You can place charging devices or batteries inside it and, should they fail, the explosion and flame is contained within the special materials the bag is made of.
Replacement Batteries
No matter how well you treat your batteries, they will eventually need a replacement. Whether you do this yourself or have a professional handle the installation, be very careful of the batteries you choose. There are many counterfeit batteries or poor quality unauthorized replacement batteries on the market.
They may seem attractive with the same on-paper specifications and capacity at a lower price. However, using such a battery significantly increases the chances of something going wrong. All those stories of people who get hurt from phones exploding in their faces or in their pockets more often than not made use of knockoff batteries. It’s just not worth it to save a few bucks.
