如果您在Windows(Windows)操作系统中遇到BSOD或其他随机错误，通常认为是由于病毒、恶意软件或其他软件错误。如果您已完成有关 PC 病毒和其他Windows软件的所有正确故障排除步骤，但仍遇到操作系统错误，则可能是由于硬盘驱动器出现故障或错误。
如果任何 PC 部件出现故障，或者至少导致Windows 操作系统(Windows OS)出现错误，则很可能是硬盘驱动器。有时，PC 部件可能会在没有通知的情况下发生故障，从而使 Windows 处于非功能状态或性能不佳或随机错误。在今天的文章中，我们将回顾一些可以排除基本硬盘驱动器故障的方法。
硬盘驱动器
硬盘驱动器是最常见的计算机部件之一，它会在没有通知的情况下发生故障。此外，硬盘驱动器错误可能会导致多种类型的Windows错误。
检查硬盘驱动器是否有错误
如果您可以启动到Windows，您可以使用内置的 CHKDSK(built-in CHKDSK)功能来帮助排除故障硬盘驱动器或出现错误的硬盘驱动器。
首先启动“开始”菜单(Start Menu)并选择 “计算机(Computer)” 。这将使计算机(Computer)窗口排队，其中列出了 PC 的所有活动驱动器。
在大多数情况下，PC 的内部和主硬盘驱动器将是本地磁盘(Disk)(C:) 驱动器。但是，根据您 PC 的驱动器设置，它可能会有所不同。从“计算机(Computer)”窗格中，找到 PC 的硬盘驱动器并右键单击它(right-click it)。从上下文菜单中，选择选项Properties。
这将启动特定驱动器的“属性(Properties)”对话框。
单击工具(Tools)选项卡并选择立即检查(Check now )选项以检查硬盘驱动器是否存在错误。
您还应该阅读我关于除CHKDSK之外还应使用的(CHKDSK)免费硬盘测试和诊断工具的另一篇文章。
无法启动到 Windows
如果您无法启动到Windows，那么您还可以选择从Windows 故障恢复控制台运行(Windows Recovery Console)CHKDSK功能（如上所述）。您将需要一台装有Windows的功能正常的 PC来创建系统修复光盘(System Repair Disc)。正如Microsoft所指出的，可以使用以下步骤创建系统修复光盘：(System Repair Disc)
从系统修复光盘启动后，您可以运行CHKDSK，但此外，该光盘还有一些其他实用程序可以帮助修复和排除无法启动的Windows操作系统。请记住(Remember)，对于故障或错误的硬盘驱动器，目标是能够启动到Windows，以便您可以备份驱动器中的任何重要文件或数据。
数据恢复
如果以上选项都不适合，那么您也可以尝试数据恢复，如果硬盘驱动器有您绝对需要的重要文件或数据。数据(Data)恢复需要做更多的工作，但在某些情况下是值得的。
数据(Data)恢复很复杂，可能涉及使用 fdisk 和通常的专业恢复软件进行高级驱动器故障排除。如果硬盘驱动器有错误、完全损坏并且无法启动到Windows，您可以通过从 PC 中移除驱动器并使用硬盘驱动器外壳将驱动器从外部连接(hard drive enclosure to connect the drive externally)到现有Windows PC 来恢复文件。从那里，您可以使用专业软件使用文件结构手动浏览基于Windows的磁盘，并将重要文件或数据手动移动到另一个驱动器。
此外，要了解有关硬盘驱动器和复杂数据恢复选项的更多信息，您可能需要查看PCStats 硬盘恢复初学者指南(PCStats Beginner’s Guide to Hard Drive Recovery)。
完成重新格式化和擦除
在Windows无法启动甚至“系统修复(System Repair)”选项无法修复硬盘驱动器的情况下，您应该考虑执行完整的重新格式化和擦除，然后再将驱动器视为蔬菜并将其扔进垃圾箱。在某些情况下，例如复杂的 rootkit 病毒，Windows可能会出现系统级错误，其中硬盘格式是最佳选择。
要完全格式化和擦除内部 PC 硬盘驱动器，您可以创建可引导的格式化光盘。为此，您可能需要查看DBAN或 Darik 的Boot和Nuke。从DBAN光盘启动后，您可以使用一些基本命令行擦除主 PC 硬盘驱动器。
故障硬盘
最坏(Worst)的情况是硬盘驱动器完全故障，可能有故障的主轴、臂或盘片。
在执行器/臂或其他机械部件发生故障的情况下，您可能需要考虑使用驱动器。但是，如果您的驱动器上有极其重要的数据，并且盘片仍然完好无损，您可以将盘片交换到相同的驱动器并修复驱动器，最终您可以选择恢复 PC 数据.
这需要对硬盘驱动器、校准等有深入的技术了解。因此，在大多数情况下，最好让技术或数据恢复专家来做这件事，而不是自己尝试。
这些是您可以对硬盘驱动器错误和故障硬盘进行故障排除、恢复、诊断和修复的几种方法。享受！
Troubleshoot a Failed Hard Drive
If yoυ get a BSOD or other random error with the Windows operating system, it is usually assumed to be becausе of a virus, malware or other software errоr. If you’νe gone through all of the proper troublеshooting steps regarding PC viruses and other Windows softwarе, but still are getting an error with thе ореrating system, it may be due to a failing or erroneous hard drive.
If any PC part is to fail, or at least cause errors within the Windows OS, it’s most likely the hard drive. Sometimes, PC parts can fail without notice, leaving Windows in a non-functional state or with poor performance or random errors. In today’s article, we will review some ways that you can troubleshoot a basic hard drive.
Hard Drives
Hard drives are one of the most common computer parts that fail without notice. Additionally, hard drive errors can cause many types of Windows errors.
Checking a Hard Drive for Errors
If you can boot into Windows, you can use the built-in CHKDSK function to help troubleshoot a failing hard drive or hard drive with errors.
Begin by launching the Start Menu and selecting Computer. This will queue the Computer window, which lists all of the PC’s active drives.
In most cases, the internal and primary hard drive for a PC will be the Local Disk (C:) drive. However, it may be different depending on your PC’s drive setup. From the Computer pane, locate the PC’s hard drive and right-click it. From the context menu, select the option Properties.
This will launch the Properties dialog for the specific drive.
Click the Tools tab and select the Check now option to check the hard drive for errors.
You should also read my other post on free hard drive testing and diagnostic tools you should use in addition to CHKDSK.
Can’t Boot Into Windows
If you cannot boot into Windows, then you also have the option of running the CHKDSK function (mentioned above), from Windows Recovery Console. You will need a functional PC with Windows to create a System Repair Disc. As Microsoft notes, creating a System Repair Disc can be done using the following steps:
Upon booting from the system repair disc, you can run CHKDSK, but additionally, the disc has a few other utilities that can help repair and troubleshoot a Windows operating system that will not boot. Remember, for failed or erroneous hard drives, the objective is to be able to boot into Windows so that you can backup any important files or data from the drive.
Data Recovery
If none of the above options are suitable, then you can also attempt data recovery, if the hard drive has important files or data that you absolutely need. Data recovery is a bit more work, but it can be worth it in some situations.
Data recovery is complex, and can involve advanced drive troubleshooting using fdisk and commonly, specialty recovery software. If the hard drive has errors, is completely corrupt and won’t boot into Windows, you may be able to recover files simply by removing the drive from the PC and using a hard drive enclosure to connect the drive externally to an existing Windows PC. From there, you may be able to use specialty software to manually browse the Windows based disk using file structure, and manually move important files or data to another drive.
Additionally, to learn more about hard drives and complex data recovery options, you may want to check out PCStats Beginner’s Guide to Hard Drive Recovery.
Complete Reformat and Erase
In a scenario where Windows won’t boot and even the System Repair option fails to fix the hard drive, you should consider performing a complete reformat and erase, before considering the drive to be a vegetable and throwing it to the garbage. In some cases, such as a complex rootkit virus, Windows may have system level errors, in which a hard drive format is the best option.
To completely format and erase an internal PC hard drive, you can create a bootable formatting disc. For this, you may want to check out DBAN, or Darik’s Boot and Nuke. Upon booting from a DBAN disc, you can wipe the primary PC hard drive using some basic command line.
A Failed Hard Drive
Worst case scenario is a completely failed hard drive that may have a failed spindle, arm or platter.
In a case where the actuator/arm or other mechanical component has failed, you may want to consider the drive to be done with. However, if you have extremely important data on the drive, and the platters are still intact and undamaged, you may be able to swap the platters to an identical drive and repair the drive, which would ultimately give you the option to recover your PC data.
This requires an advanced technical understanding of hard drives, calibration and more. So, in most cases, it would be better to have a tech or data recovery specialist do this, rather than attempt it yourself.
Those are a few ways that you can troubleshoot, recover, diagnose and fix hard drive errors and failed hard drives. Enjoy!
