NAT代表Network Address Translator。从它的名字显然，这是网络地址的翻译。这篇文章告诉你需要NAT，它做什么，以及为什么
什么是NAT or Network Address Translator
Network Address Translator，或简称NAT，是您LAN和Internet之间的设备的一个重要组成部分。它可能位于您使用的是本地网络连接到Internet或任何类似的设备，像调制解调器路由器。使用路由器NAT是特别好，因为你也可以使用路由器设置了防火墙
的NAT的主要功能是管理IP address es使外人无法侵入您的网络。一个home or office network包含许多设备，如电脑，平板电脑，打印机，扫描仪和电话，仅举几例。每一个分配一个专用IP address。现在，IP address是帮助路由器将数据发送到特定计算机的地址。连接到Internet任何有IP address否则不能使用
IP，或Internet Protocol，有两种类型：
几乎所有的计算机和连接到Internet其他设备有IPv4 address。在“IPv4”的“v”代表“version”。当Internet在成长期和IP地址正在创建并分配给计算机和它被认为有用于连接到Internet一切地址了足够数量的其它设备。总IPv4 address es的数量可以是一个最大232。现在Internet的使用方式，将232不能够对所有的人想连接到Internet的设备创建IPv4 address es
这就是为什么工程师们不得不拿出IPv6，可容纳多达2128个IP地址的原因。这是一个巨大number and researchers认为，新的格式将足以覆盖所有连接到Internet的对象。然而，这需要很长的时间，老的设备必须退休，而新的必须部署能够处理IPv6地址。在此期间，NAT是这里支持我们IPv4地址
什么NAT办？
NAT或Network Address Translator被放置您的计算机/设备的IoT网络和Internet之间位于设备上。该设备通常是路由器作为我们大多数人使用路由器创建一个防火墙。它也可以是一个调制解调器，系留电话或计算机作为服务器。不管它可能是，它是目前有要给大家一个公开IP address（IPv4）到你的整个网络computer and IoT（的Things Internet）
也就是说，与其到网络上的每个设备分配IPv4 address es，NAT给出了一个单IP address。在您的计算机/物联网的所有其他设备都给出一个私有（内部）IPv4 address。它可以是192.168.0.0和192.168.255.255之间的任何东西。从Internet过来的数据包，包含在他们的头外部IPv4 address。基于数据的类型，NAT（Network Address Translator）其转发到私人或内部装置以使得数据可以被根据需要进行处理
总之，NAT有助于用尽，通过在computer and/or IoT network管理所有实体的本地或专用（或内部）IPv4地址控制IPv4地址。所以，如果有六台计算机和网络上的两台打印机，每个人都有一个私人IP address，使其共八个IP address es（私人）。 NAT将它们单独地内网络，但对于Internet，它只是一个（单一器件）IP address
即将需要，如果你有一个IPv6 address，你不需要NAT。如果你仍然对IPv4，你需要的Network Address Translator，直到你的网络完全移动到IPv6 format
以上说明了什么是NAT和它的使用。有更多问题？ Ask在评论框下面
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What is Network Address Translator (NAT)? What does it do? Do I need it?
NAT stands for Network Address Translator. As evident from its name, it is a translator of network addresses. This post tells you about the need for NAT, what it does, and why.
What is NAT or Network Address Translator
Network Address Translator, or simply called NAT, is an important part of the device between your LAN and the Internet. It could be located in the router you are using to connect the local network to the Internet or any similar device, like a modem. Using a router for NAT is especially better because you can also set up your firewall using the router.
The primary function of NAT is to manage IP addresses so that outsiders cannot hack into your network. A home or office network contains many devices such as computers, tablets, printers, scanners, and phones to name a few. Each one is assigned a private IP address. Now, the IP address is the address that helps routers in sending data to specific machines. Anything connected to the Internet has an IP address else it can’t be used.
IP, or Internet Protocol, is of two types:
- IPv4
- IPv6
Almost all the computers and other devices connected to the Internet have an IPv4 address. The ‘v’ in ‘IPv4’ stands for ‘version’. When the Internet was in its formative years and IP addresses were being created and assigned to computers and other devices it was thought that there is an ample number of addresses for everything connected to the Internet. The number of total IPv4 addresses could be a maximum 2ˆ32. The way the Internet is used now, 2ˆ32 will not be able to create IPv4 addresses for all the devices people want to connect to the Internet.
That is the reason why engineers had to come up with IPv6, which can hold up to 2ˆ128 IP addresses. That is a huge number and researchers believe that the new format will be enough to cover all the objects connected to the Internet. This, however, will take a long time as older devices have to retire, and the new ones have to be deployed that can handle IPv6 addresses. In the meantime, NAT is here to support us with IPv4 addresses.
What does NAT do?
NAT, or the Network Address Translator, is placed on the device that sits between your computers/IoT devices network and the Internet. That device is usually router as most of us use the router to create a firewall. It can also be a modem, a tethered phone, or a computer acting as a server. Whatever it may be, it is present there to give a public IP address (IPv4) to your entire computer and IoT (Internet of Things) network.
That is to say that instead of assigning IPv4 addresses to each device on your network, NAT gives out one single IP address. All other devices in your computer/IoT are given one private (internal) IPv4 address. It can be anything between 192.168.0.0 and 192.168.255.255. The data packets coming from the Internet, contain the external IPv4 address in their header. Based on the type of data, the NAT (Network Address Translator) forwards it to the private or internal devices so that the data can be processed as required.
In short, NAT helps control the IPv4 addresses from running out, by managing local or private (or internal) IPv4 addresses of all the entities on a computer and/or IoT network. So, if there are six computers and two printers on your network, each has a private IP address, making it a total of eight IP addresses (private). NAT treats them individually within the network but for the Internet, it is just one (single device) IP address.
Coming to need, if you have an IPv6 address, you do not need NAT. If you are still on IPv4, you need the Network Address Translator until your network completely moves to IPv6 format.
The above explains what is NAT and its use. Have more questions? Ask in the comments box below.
