Linux有很多不同的版本，其中一些，例如Manjaro ，作为(Manjaro)Windows和 macOS的现代替代品，正在迅速获得良好的声誉。
但是，目前Ubuntu和Fedora Linux是基于(Fedora Linux)Linux内核的桌面操作系统中最流行的两个选项。问题是哪一个最适合你？
Fedora VS。Ubuntu ：家谱(Family Tree)上的不同分支
Fedora和Ubuntu之间最大的根本区别在于它们所继承的Unix树的分支。Fedora来自Red Hat Linux。因此(Hence)与帽子有关的名称。Ubuntu来自Debian ，这是一个非常流行的(Debian)Linux分支，已在各种以桌面为中心的发行版中发布。
支持与发展
Fedora和Ubuntu之间的另一个主要区别是它们的开发和维护方式。虽然Fedora是 Red Hat 的一个分支，(Red Hat)但Red Hat公司并不开发或维护Fedora。他们确实提供了财政支持和一些发展贡献，但它基本上是一个社区驱动的项目。
Ubuntu由Canonical公司开发和支持。虽然他们不直接从Ubuntu(Ubuntu)赚钱，但他们从用户那里获得捐款并收取企业支持费用。他们完全致力于维护和开发Ubuntu。
Fedora的开发理念也与Ubuntu不同。Fedora优先提供Linux世界的最新发展。它通常是第一个对Linux主食（例如GNOME桌面）实施重大更新的公司。
(Ubuntu)另一方面，Ubuntu旨在成为Windows的更直接替代品。因此，它优先考虑可用性、稳定性和易用性。这并不是说任何一方都不擅长对方优先考虑的领域，只是他们的目标不同。
安装和易用性
与大多数Linux(Linux)用户必须处理的文本驱动安装方法相比，我们已经取得了长足的进步。当我们在 2000 年代初期使用Red Hat时，安装所有东西并使其正常工作是一个密集的手动过程。(Red Hat)您不仅需要了解正确的分区结构，还必须在每个关键时刻做出重要选择，并且完全有可能以无用的安装告终。这(Which)意味着你必须重新开始。
今天，Fedora和Ubuntu都使用现代图形安装系统。两者都不难安装，您必须做出的每一个选择都得到了足够清晰的解释，以使事情顺利进行。虽然在围栏的每一侧安装的某些方面可能会更好或更差，但总的来说，这里没有任何东西可以左右任何方向的人。
至于实际的用户界面，毫无疑问，Ubuntu是普通用户的首选操作系统，他们不太关心修补他们的电脑，只想使用它。Ubuntu是Windows和 macOS 的更直接替代品，而Fedora提供更接近经典Linux高级用户体验的东西。Fedora对于普通用户来说非常容易找到他们的方式，但它并不像用户友好。
软件可用性
Fedora和Ubuntu使用完全不同的包管理系统。Ubuntu使用Apt并安装标准.deb ( Debian ) 软件包。Fedora使用DNF并使用.rpm包。这些是从各自的血统继承而来的系统，遗憾的是，它们不是交叉兼容的。
正如您可能想象的那样，网络上有很多关于哪种类型的分发管理更好的争论，但从普通用户的角度来看，他们做同样的工作并且在很大程度上做得同样好。
这里的主要区别是那里有更多的 Debian 软件。与编译为 .rpm 文件的应用程序相比，您更有可能找到应用程序的 .deb 版本。
游戏支持
面对现实吧，如果您想在计算机上获得最佳游戏体验，您应该选择Microsoft Windows。主流游戏的原生 Linux版本比较少见， (Native Linux)WINE等兼容层不完善。
话虽如此，Ubuntu在成为出色的(Ubuntu)游戏(gaming)操作系统方面取得了重大进展。它内置了对专有硬件驱动程序的支持，这是在大多数情况下从视频游戏中获得良好性能所必需的。最重要的是，Steam游戏平台在(Steam)Ubuntu上有一个强大的客户端，带有Steam Play兼容层。这使您可以在Ubuntu Linux(Ubuntu Linux)上玩许多Windows游戏，而且通常完全兼容。
需要注意的是，Fedora也完全能够运行Steam及其兼容的游戏，但Fedora在安装它们时会有更多的摩擦。更不用说它缺乏开箱即用的专有图形驱动程序。
专有软件支持
Fedora最显着的特性之一是它对开源(Open Source)软件的全面承诺。虽然Fedora不会阻止您使用专有软件，但它也不会推动它。话虽如此，在撰写本文时的最新版本中，您确实会收到一个提示，询问您是否要直接在Fedora(Fedora)应用商店中启用第三方存储库。
这与Ubuntu形成鲜明对比，后者在其安装向导(Wizard)中提供了自动下载和安装第 3 方闭源软件的选项。您还可以在Ubuntu软件存储库中找到闭源应用程序，当然还有闭源硬件驱动程序。
Ubuntu 确实会清楚地告诉您软件何时带有闭源许可证，但Fedora有点像FOSS（自由和开源(Open Source)）原教旨主义者。这样做的好处是你可以确定你没有在Fedora系统上使用任何专有软件，除非你把它放在那里。
这对某些组织或非营利组织可能至关重要。此外，还有很多用户非常关心！哪个(Which)发行版在这里“最好”实际上取决于您对开源软件的立场。
自己尝试两者都很容易
上面的讨论涵盖了Fedora(Fedora)与Ubuntu Linux之间最重要的区别，这在选择适合您时很重要，但没有理由仅仅根据您阅读的信息做出决定。
因为Fedora和Ubuntu都是完全免费的，所以您今天就可以亲自试用。您也不必对计算机进行任何更改即可尝试它们。有两种方法可以在不中断当前系统的情况下试用这些操作系统。
首先，您可以下载任一版本的Linux的 Live 安装版本，将其写入光盘或USB驱动器，然后从中启动。这不会改变系统本身。使用此选项，您可以使用Fedora和Ubuntu，并且只有在您足够喜欢它们时才能永久安装它们。顺便说一句(Incidentally)，如果您想安全地使用公共计算机而不留下任何痕迹，或者对出现问题的计算机进行急救，实时引导是一个很好的工具。
您可以用来尝试这些操作系统的第二种方法是使用虚拟机。为此，我们更喜欢免费的VirtualBox应用程序。(VirtualBox)安装VirtualBox后，您只需创建一个新虚拟机并将其指向您为 Fedora 或 Ubuntu 下载的(VirtualBox)磁盘(Fedora)映像文件(Ubuntu)。像在真实计算机上一样安装它，享受无风险的学习和实验环境。
即使您确实冒险安装了任一系统，您也可以对它们进行双重引导，在启动计算机时选择您喜欢的系统。真的没有理由不给他们一个机会！
Fedora vs Ubuntu: Which Linux Distribution Is Better?
Τhere are many flavors of Linux and some, such as Manjaro, are quickly gaining a fantastic reputation as modern alternatives to Windows and macOS.
However, right now Ubuntu and Fedora Linux are two of the most popular options for desktop operating systems based on the Linux kernel. The question is which one is best for you?
Fedora Vs. Ubuntu: Different Branches on the Family Tree
The biggest fundamental difference between Fedora and Ubuntu are the branches of the Unix tree they descend from. Fedora comes from Red Hat Linux. Hence the hat-related name. Ubuntu comes from Debian, an extremely popular branch of Linux that’s been released in various desktop-focused distributions.
Support and Development
Another major difference between Fedora and Ubuntu is how they’re developed and maintained. While Fedora is an offshoot of Red Hat, the Red Hat company doesn’t develop or maintain Fedora. They do offer financial support and some development contributions, but it’s fundamentally a community-driven project.
Ubuntu is developed and supported by the Canonical company. While they don’t make money from Ubuntu directly, they take donations from users and charge for enterprise support. They are fully dedicated to maintaining and developing Ubuntu.
Fedora also has a different philosophy to development than Ubuntu. Fedora prioritizes offering the latest developments in the Linux world. It’s usually the first to implement major updates to Linux staples such as the GNOME desktop.
Ubuntu, on the other hand, aims to be a more direct alternative to Windows. So it prioritizes usability, stability and ease of use. That’s not to say that either is bad at the area the other prioritizes, just that they aren’t aiming for the same goals.
Installation and Ease of Use
We’ve come a long way from the text-driven installation methods that most Linux users had to deal with. When we were using Red Hat in the early 2000s, it was an intensive manual process to get everything installed and working. Not only did you need to have a working knowledge of the correct partition structure, you had to make important choices at every juncture and it was entirely possible to end up with a useless installation. Which meant you had to start all over again.
Today, both Fedora and Ubuntu use modern graphical installation systems. Neither is difficult to install and every choice you have to make is explained with enough clarity to make things go smoothly. While certain aspects of installation might be better or worse on each side of the fence, on the whole there’s nothing here that should sway anyone in either direction.
As for the actual user interface, there’s no doubt that Ubuntu is the operating system of choice for the average user who doesn’t much care to tinker with their computers and just wants to use it. Ubuntu is a more direct alternative to Windows and macOS, whereas Fedora offers something closer to the classic Linux power user experience. Fedora is more than easy enough for an average user to find their way, but it’s not quite as user friendly.
Software Availability
Fedora and Ubuntu use completely different package management systems. Ubuntu uses Apt and installs standard .deb (Debian) packages. Fedora uses DNF and uses .rpm packages. These are systems inherited from their respective lineages and, sadly, they’re not cross-compatible.
As you might imagine there’s plenty of argumentation on the web about which type of distribution management is better, but from the average user’s perspective they do the same job and largely do it equally well.
The major difference here is that there’s simply more Debian software out there. You’re more likely to find a .deb version of an application than one compiled as a .rpm file.
Gaming Support
Let’s face it, if you want the best gaming experience on a computer you should go for Microsoft Windows. Native Linux versions of major video games are relatively rare and compatibility layers such as WINE are imperfect.
That being said, Ubuntu has been making major strides towards being a great operating system for gaming. It has built-in support for proprietary hardware drivers, which is necessary to get good performance from video games in most cases. On top of this, the Steam gaming platform has a robust client on Ubuntu with the Steam Play compatibility layer. This lets you play many Windows games on Ubuntu Linux, often with full compatibility.
It’s important to note that Fedora is also perfectly capable of running Steam and it’s compatible games, but Fedora has a bit more friction when it comes to installing them. Not to mention its lack of proprietary graphics drivers out of the box.
Proprietary Software Support
One of the most defining features of Fedora is its total commitment to Open Source software. While Fedora doesn’t stop you from using proprietary software, it also does nothing to push it either. That being said, in the latest version as of this writing you do get a prompt asking if you’d like to enable third-party repositories directly in the Fedora app store.
That’s in contrast to Ubuntu, which has options in its installation Wizard to automatically download and install 3rd-party closed-source software. You’ll also find closed-source applications in the Ubuntu software repository and of course closed source hardware drivers.
Ubuntu does clearly tell you when software comes with a closed-source license, but Fedora is a bit of a FOSS (Free and Open Source) fundamentalist. The advantage of that is you can be sure you aren’t using any proprietary software on a Fedora system unless you put it there.
That can be critical to certain organizations or nonprofits. Plus, there are many users who care very much as well! Which distribution is “best” here really depends on your stance on open source software.
It’s Easy To Try Both for Yourself
The discussion above covers the most important differences between Fedora vs. Ubuntu Linux that matter when choosing which is right for you, but there’s no reason to base your decision simply on information you read.
Because both Fedora and Ubuntu are completely free, you can try them for yourself today. You don’t have to make any changes to your computer to try them either. There are two ways you can try these operating systems without disrupting your current system.
First, you can download a Live installation version of either version of Linux, write it to a disc or USB drive and then boot from it. This will change absolutely nothing on the system itself. Using this option you can play around with Fedora and Ubuntu and only permanently install them if you like them enough. Incidentally, live booting is a great tool if you want to use a public computer securely without leaving a trace, or to do first-aid on a computer that’s developed problems.
The second method you can use to try these operating systems is by using a virtual machine. We prefer the free VirtualBox application for this purpose. Once VirtualBox is installed, you only have to create a new virtual machine and point it to the disc image file you downloaded for Fedora or Ubuntu. Install it as you would on a real computer and enjoy a risk-free environment to learn and experiment.
Even if you do take the plunge and install either system, you can dual boot them, picking the one you like when you start up your computer. There really is no excuse not to give them a go!
