许多智能手机都支持快速充电技术。通过使用它们，我们的智能手机可以比旧智能手机更快地充电。考虑到现代处理器的速度有多快以及我们的智能手机需要多少能量，这只能是一件好事。不幸的是，硬件制造商使用了许多不同的快速充电标准，虽然有些与其他标准兼容，但有些则不兼容。如果您想了解更多关于快速充电标准以及它们之间有何不同，请继续阅读：
快速充电如何工作？
快速充电(Fast charging)是大多数智能手机提供的一项功能，无论它们是高端机型还是价格实惠的机型。显然，快速充电是一种让智能手机比正常情况下更快地为电池充电的技术，至少在它们的电池达到一定的电量水平(power charge level)之前是这样。它是如何工作的？
答案既简单又复杂：快充标准不止一种，而且各不相同。但是，它们也有一个共同点：快速充电会向电池发送更多电流，从而加快充电速度(fast charging sends more electrical current to the battery, and that makes it charge quicker)。
现代(Modern)智能手机和平板电脑的充电线通常一端带有USB Type-A 连接器(USB Type-A connector)，另一端带有各种类型的USB连接器。iPhone 使用Apple的Lightning 连接器(Lightning connector)，而Android智能手机使用USB Type-C 或 mini- USB连接器。甚至还有带有所有三种类型连接器的通用电缆，适用于所有现代智能手机和平板电脑，如下图所示。
带有USB Type-A 连接器(USB Type-A connector)的电缆末端插入充电器或其他充电源。一些电缆使用USB 2.0端口，而其他电缆使用USB 3.1端口。但是，电缆一端的USB 端口(USB port)和另一端的连接器之间始终存在清晰的连接。带有 mini-USB 连接器的充电电缆在插入充电器的一端使用USB 2.0端口，带有(USB 2.0)USB Type-C连接器的电缆通常插入USB 3.1端口，而Apple的Lightning电缆使用USB 2.0端口。但是，对于 iPad Pro 系列(Pro series)，从 2015 年开始，Apple使用USB 3.0和 3.1 端口，具体取决于设备的世代。
智能手机和平板电脑的所有充电线的共同点是它们都依赖于USB（通用串行总线(Universal Serial Bus)）技术。该标准规定USB 2.0端口必须提供 0.5安培(Amperes)（使用 5伏特(Volts)为 2.5瓦特）(Watts)。USB 3.0规范在5伏(Volts)时提供 0.5 或 0.9安培(Amperes)的电流，最大功率为 4.5瓦(Watts)。USB 3.1规范支持 0.5、0.9、1.5、3 或 5安培(Amperes)的电流值，使用 5 到 20伏特之间的电压(Volts)，并且可以提供100瓦(Watts)的最大功率。
伏特(Volts) 测量电压(measure voltage)，安培(Amperes)测量电流，瓦特测量(Watts measure)电功率。伏特(Volts)乘以安培(Amperes)等于瓦特(Watts)。没有Volts、Amperes或Watts的最小组合来表示您可以快速充电。它们之间没有共同的因素，因为您的智能手机制造商可以选择提高电压或电流强度，甚至两者都提高，以实现更高的电力。如上表所示，USB 2.0和USB 3.0提供很少的充电功率，并且仅使用USB 技术(USB technology)的默认特性为现代智能手机的电池充电需要很长时间。这就是为什么许多智能手机使用带有USB 3.1端口和USB Type-C 连接器(USB Type-C connector)的充电线，这使它们能够使用更高的电压和更快的充电技术。
因此，快速充电会转化为向智能手机或平板电脑(smartphone or tablet)的电池发送更多电量。
快充标准有多少？
虽然我们很庆幸存在快速充电(fast charging)标准，但不幸的是，它们有很多，并且各个硬件制造商创建和使用不同的版本。在我们撰写本文时，常用的快速充电标准有九种，尽管其中一些并非完全“原创”，因为它们是基于不同公司制造的其他标准。(fast charging)最重要的快充(fast charging)标准是USB PD（USB Power Delivery）、高通快充、三星自适应快充、苹果快充、华为SuperCharge、摩托罗拉TurboPower、Oppo Vooc、一加Dash Charge(USB PD (USB Power Delivery), Qualcomm Quick Charge, Samsung Adaptive Fast Charging, Apple Fast Charging, Huawei SuperCharge, Motorola TurboPower, Oppo Vooc, OnePlus Dash Charge,)和联发科Pump Express(MediaTek Pump Express)。如需快速了解其主要规格，请阅读下表：
现在让我们详细谈谈最常见的快速充电(fast charging)标准：
USB-PD（通用串行总线供电(Universal Serial Bus Power Delivery)）
大多数现代设备上都有USB(USB)端口，而对于智能手机，它们大多数都存在。手机使用USB不仅可以传输数据，最重要的是还可以为电池充电。多年来，随着电池容量的增加，我们也需要更快地为它们充电。因此， USB Power Delivery(USB Power Delivery)标准应运而生，该标准提供：
- 功率水平提高到 100 瓦
- 电源方向(power direction)不再固定，这意味着充电可以双向进行，例如，您可以使用智能手机为另一台设备充电
- 在 5 至 20 伏特和 0.5、0.9、1.5、3 或 5 安培的电压下快速充电，最大功率可达 100 瓦
USB-PD是一种快速充电标准，您可以在智能手机以及笔记本电脑、显示器、便携式存储单元等其他设备上找到它。
它具有成为任何制造商都可以在其设备中使用和实施的开放式充电标准的显着优势。另一方面，虽然它是免费且高度可扩展的，但它也有一个显着的缺点，即它只适用于USB Type-C连接器。
高通快充
高通快速充电(Qualcomm Quick Charge)是世界上最流行的快速充电标准，它用于 800 多种不同的设备，如智能手机和充电器。它由高通公司(Qualcomm)开发，可与移动设备的Snapdragon处理器配合使用。(Snapdragon)但是，并非所有具有Snapdragon 芯片组(Snapdragon chipset)的智能手机都支持快速充电。这是每个制造商都可以选择在其智能手机或平板电脑上包含的可选功能。到目前为止，高通(Qualcomm)已经发布了四个不同版本的专有快速充电(Quick Charge)标准，它们都向后兼容：
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快速充电 1.0(Quick Charge 1.0)：5伏特(Volts)，最大 2安培(Amperes)和 10瓦特(Watts)。你还记得伏特(Volts)乘以安培(Amperes)等于瓦特(Watts)吗？嗯(Well)，5伏(Volts)乘以 2安培(Amperes)等于 10瓦(Watts)。
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快速充电 2.0(Quick Charge 2.0)：5、9 和 12 伏，最大 3 安培和 18瓦(Watts)。使用 9 伏特和 2 安培的输入时可实现最大电功率，乘以 18瓦(Watts)。
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快速充电 3.0(Quick Charge 3.0)：3.6 至 20 伏，以 200 微伏为步长，最大介于 2.5 至 4.6 安培和 18瓦(Watts)之间。与Quick Charge 2.0(Quick Charge 2.0)类似，3.0版本在使用 9 伏特和 2 安培输入时也为您提供最大电力，总计 18瓦特(Watts)。
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Quick Charge 4.0+：与Quick Charge 3.0相同，但增加了对USB-PD 模式(USB-PD Mode)（USB Power Delivery Mode）的支持，这是另一种快速充电标准。Quick Charge 4.0的USB-PD 模式(USB-PD Mode)兼容规格为5 或 9 伏，最大 3安培(Amperes)和 27瓦(Watts)。
支持Qualcomm Quick Charge 4.0的智能手机示例包括LG G8 ThinQ 和 LG G7 ThinQ(LG G8 ThinQ and LG G7 ThinQ)、Razer Phone 2和小米 Mi 9(Xiaomi Mi 9)。
支持Qualcomm Quick Charge 3.0(Qualcomm Quick Charge 3.0)的设备列表要长得多。其中，您可以找到诺基亚 9(Nokia 9)、LG Q9、索尼 Xperia F7 和 XZ(Sony Xperia F7 and XZ)（1 和 2）或小米 Mi Mix(Xiaomi Mi Mix)（1 和 2）。
Samsung Galaxy S10+ and S10等一些新智能手机仅支持高通 Quick Charge 2.0(Qualcomm Quick Charge 2.0)。
您可以在此PDF 文件(PDF file)中找到支持Qualcomm Quick Charge的设备的完整列表（按版本排序）：Qualcomm Quick Charge 技术设备列表(Qualcomm Quick Charge Technology Device List)。
三星自适应快速充电
三星自适应快速充电(Samsung Adaptive Fast Charging)是一种基于Qualcomm Quick Charge 2.0的快速充电标准，并且与支持该标准的充电器兼容。它存在于大多数三星(Samsung)智能手机上，包括高端三星 Galaxy S10 和 S10 Plus(Samsung Galaxy S10 and S10 Plus)。
苹果快充
(Apple)从iPhone 8(iPhone 8)和iPhone X开始， (iPhone X)Apple选择在其最新的 iPhone 上使用USB PD（USB Power Delivery）标准进行Apple 快速充电(Apple Fast Charge)。但是， Apple(Apple)销售的 iPhone 均未捆绑USB PD 兼容充电器。换句话说，最新的 iPhone 型号支持快速充电，但它们的默认充电器不支持。这意味着如果您想为 iPhone 快速充电， Apple 会强制您单独购买兼容 USB-PD 的充电器和数据线。(Apple forces you to buy USB-PD compatible chargers and cables separately)
摩托罗拉 TurboPower
摩托罗拉 TurboPower是(Motorola TurboPower)摩托罗拉(Motorola)智能手机上的快速充电标准，它基于Qualcomm Quick Charge 2.0。这意味着它应该与支持Qualcomm Quick Charge 2.0的充电器兼容。这种快速充电标准的最新版本称为摩托罗拉 TurboPower 30(Motorola TurboPower 30)，并且还与USB-PD兼容。
联发科泵速
MediaTek Pump Express是由MediaTek开发的快速充电标准，可以在运行MediaTek处理器的智能手机上找到。虽然联发科是(MediaTek)高通(Qualcomm)的竞争对手，但联发科 Pump Express(MediaTek Pump Express)快充标准兼容高通快充(Qualcomm Quick Charge)，非常棒。
OnePlus Dash Charge、OnePlus Warp Charge、Oppo VOOC和Oppo Super VOOC
一加Dash Charge(OnePlus Dash Charge)基于OPPO的VOOC快充技术，两者应该是兼容的。尽管这些是世界上一些最快的充电标准，但它们具有与其他标准不兼容的显着缺点。
使用这些充电标准的智能手机只能使用专有充电器进行快速充电，因为它们需要在充电器中内置特殊电路。它们不适用于制造商以外的公司制造的第三方充电器。
华为 SuperCharge 和 SuperCharge(Huawei SuperCharge and SuperCharge) 2.0
华为 SuperCharge(Huawei SuperCharge)及其 2.0 版本是华为(Huawei)专有的快速充电标准。它可以提供高达 10 伏特和 4 安培的电流，以及高达 40瓦(Watts)的电力。这些标准也与高通快速充电(Qualcomm Quick Charge)兼容，并且可以在华为 P20 Pro(Huawei P20 Pro)、华为 Mate 20 (Huawei Mate 20)Pro或荣耀 View 20等(Honor View 20)Android智能手机上找到。
当您使用另一家公司的快速充电器和另一种充电技术为智能手机充电时会发生什么？
是的，您可以使用任何充电器为任何智能手机充电，因为所有充电器都与其他充电器兼容。(Yes, you can use any charger to charge any smartphone, because all chargers are compatible with the others.)但是，在最坏的情况下(case scenario)，您的智能手机可能会使用与您的智能手机和充电器兼容的最低电压和电流来缓慢充电。(voltage and amperage)不要指望能够使用其他公司的快速充电器为您的智能手机快速充电，其中内置了另一种快速充电技术。(charging tech)一些快速充电标准与其他标准兼容，这意味着当您将充电器和具有兼容标准的设备混合使用时，您可能可以获得快速充电。(Some fast charging standards are compatible with others, and that means that you might be able to get fast charging when mixing chargers and devices with compatible standards.)但是，有很多试验和错误(trial and error)这样做，它可能并不总是像你期望的那样工作。智能手机的最快充电速度通常是使用捆绑的充电器和充电线来实现的，但使用 iPhone 时需要单独购买快速充电器(fast charger)。
您(Are)对智能手机随附的快速充电器满意吗？
我们更喜欢使用与我们的智能手机捆绑在一起的充电器，并避免使用除我们的智能手机官方支持的充电器之外的其他充电器。但是，我们有时也会使用借来的充电器，即使这意味着要等待更长的时间才能为我们的设备充电。你也这样做吗？你最喜欢的快速充电标准是什么？您(Are)对智能手机附带的充电器满意吗？在下面发表评论(Comment)，让我们讨论。
Fast charging standards: How many are there? How are they different?
Many smartphones offer support for fast charging technologies. By using them, our smartphones can charge a lot quicker than older smartрhones could. That can only be a good thing considering how fast modern processors have become and how much energy our smartphones need. Unfortunately, there are a lot of different fast charging standards used by hardware manufаcturers and, while some are compatible with others, others are not. If you want to know more about fast charging standards and how are theу different from one another, read on:
How does fast charging work?
Fast charging is a feature that most smartphones offer, regardless of whether they are premium models or affordable ones. Obviously, fast charging is a technology that lets smartphones charge their batteries faster than normal, at least until their batteries reach a certain power charge level. How does it work though?
The answer is both simple and complicated: there are more than just one fast charging standards and all of them are different from the others. However, they also have one thing in common: fast charging sends more electrical current to the battery, and that makes it charge quicker.
Modern smartphones and tablets usually have charging cables with a USB Type-A connector at one end and various types of USB connectors at the other end. iPhones use Apple's Lightning connector, while Android smartphones use USB Type-C or mini-USB connectors. There are even universal cables with all three types of connectors, that fit to all modern smartphones and tablets, like in the picture below.
The end of the cable with the USB Type-A connector is plugged into the charger or some other charging source. Some cables use USB 2.0 ports, while others use USB 3.1 ports. However, there is always a clear connection between the USB port on one end of the cable and the connector on the other end. Charging cables with mini-USB connectors use a USB 2.0 port on the end that you plug into the charger, cables with USB Type-C connectors usually plug into USB 3.1 ports, while Apple's Lightning cables use a USB 2.0 port. However, for the iPad Pro series, starting in 2015, Apple uses USB 3.0 and 3.1 ports, depending on the generation of the device.
The common thing between all charging cables for smartphones and tablets is the fact that they all rely on the USB (Universal Serial Bus) technology. This standard says that USB 2.0 ports must deliver 0.5 Amperes using 5 Volts for 2.5 Watts. The USB 3.0 specification delivers 0.5 or 0.9 Amperes of current at 5 Volts and a maximum power of 4.5 Watts. The USB 3.1 specification supports electric current values of 0.5, 0.9, 1.5, 3, or 5 Amperes, using a voltage between 5 and 20 Volts, and can deliver a maximum power of 100 Watts.
Volts measure voltage, Amperes measure the current, and the Watts measure electrical power. Volts multiplied by Amperes equal Watts. There's no minimum combo of Volts, Amperes, or Watts to indicate that you have fast charging. There is no common factor between them because your smartphone's manufacturer could choose to boost either the voltage or the amperage, or even both, to achieve a higher electrical power. As you can see in the table above, USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 offer little charging power, and it would take a long time to charge the battery of a modern smartphone using just the default characteristics of the USB technology. This is why many smartphones use charging cables that have a USB 3.1 port with a USB Type-C connector, which allows them to use higher voltages and faster-charging technologies.
As a result, fast charging translates into more power sent to the battery of a smartphone or tablet.
How many fast charging standards are there?
Although we are thankful that fast charging standards exist, unfortunately, there are many of them, and various hardware manufacturers create and use different versions. As we write this article, there are nine different fast charging standards commonly used, although some of them are not exactly "original," as they are based on others made by different companies. The most important fast charging standards are USB PD (USB Power Delivery), Qualcomm Quick Charge, Samsung Adaptive Fast Charging, Apple Fast Charging, Huawei SuperCharge, Motorola TurboPower, Oppo Vooc, OnePlus Dash Charge, and MediaTek Pump Express. For a quick overview of their main specifications, read the table below:
Now let's talk a bit of detail about the most common fast charging standards out there:
USB-PD (Universal Serial Bus Power Delivery)
USB ports are found on most modern devices and, when it comes to smartphones, they are present on most of them. Phones use USB not only to transfer data but, most importantly, to charge their batteries. As batteries have increased in capacity over the years, so did our need to charge them faster. Thus came to existence the USB Power Delivery standard, which offers:
- Increased power levels of up to 100 Watts
- The power direction is no longer fixed, meaning that the charging can occur both ways and you can, for example, use your smartphone to charge another device
- Fast charging at voltages between 5 and 20 Volts, and 0.5, 0.9, 1.5, 3, or 5 Amperes, and can deliver a maximum power of 100 Watts
The USB-PD is a fast charging standard that you can find both on smartphones as well as on other devices such as laptops, monitors, portable storage units and others.
It has the significant advantage of being an open charging standard that any manufacturer can use and implement into its devices. On the other hand, although it is free and highly scalable, it also has the significant disadvantage that it only works with USB Type-C connectors.
Qualcomm Quick Charge
Qualcomm Quick Charge is the most popular fast charging standard in the world and it is used on over 800 different devices, like smartphones and chargers. It is developed by Qualcomm and works with Snapdragon processors for mobile devices. However, not all the smartphones that have a Snapdragon chipset also support fast charging. This is an optional feature that each manufacturer can choose to include on its smartphones or tablets. Up until now, Qualcomm has released four different versions of its proprietary Quick Charge standard, all of them being backward compatible:
- Quick Charge 1.0: 5 Volts, maximum of 2 Amperes, and 10 Watts. Do you remember that Volts multiplied by Amperes equals Watts? Well, 5 Volts times 2 Amperes equals 10 Watts.
- Quick Charge 2.0: 5, 9, and 12 Volts, maximum of 3 Amperes and 18 Watts. The maximum electrical power is achieved when using an input of 9 Volts and 2 Amperes, which multiplied gives you 18 Watts.
- Quick Charge 3.0: 3.6 to 20 Volts in 200 microVolts steps, maximum between 2.5 and 4.6 Amperes and 18 Watts. Similarly to Quick Charge 2.0, the 3.0 version also gives you the maximum electrical power when using an input of 9 Volts and 2 Amperes, which equals into a total of 18 Watts.
- Quick Charge 4.0+: the same as Quick Charge 3.0 but also adds support for USB-PD Mode (USB Power Delivery Mode), which is another fast charging standard. The USB-PD Mode compatible specs of Quick Charge 4.0 are 5 or 9 Volts and maximum 3 Amperes and 27 Watts.
A few examples of smartphones that offer support for Qualcomm Quick Charge 4.0 are LG G8 ThinQ and LG G7 ThinQ, Razer Phone 2, and Xiaomi Mi 9.
The list of devices that support Qualcomm Quick Charge 3.0 is much longer. Among them, you can find Nokia 9, LG Q9, Sony Xperia F7 and XZ (1 and 2), or Xiaomi Mi Mix (1 and 2).
Amazingly, some new smartphones such as the Samsung Galaxy S10+ and S10 only support Qualcomm Quick Charge 2.0.
You can find the full list of devices that support Qualcomm Quick Charge, sorted by version, in this PDF file: Qualcomm Quick Charge Technology Device List.
Samsung Adaptive Fast Charging
Samsung Adaptive Fast Charging is a fast charging standard that's based on Qualcomm Quick Charge 2.0, and which is compatible with chargers that support that standard. It is found on most Samsung smartphones, including the high-end Samsung Galaxy S10 and S10 Plus.
Apple Fast Charge
Apple chose to use the USB PD (USB Power Delivery) standard for the Apple Fast Charge on its latest iPhones, starting with iPhone 8 and iPhone X. However, none of the iPhones sold by Apple bundle USB PD-compatible chargers. In other words, the latest iPhone models support fast charging but their default chargers do not. That means that Apple forces you to buy USB-PD compatible chargers and cables separately if you want to fast charge your iPhone.
Motorola TurboPower
Motorola TurboPower is a fast charging standard that's found on Motorola smartphones, which is based on Qualcomm Quick Charge 2.0. That means that it should be compatible with chargers that support Qualcomm Quick Charge 2.0. The latest version of this fast charging standard is called Motorola TurboPower 30 and is also compatible with USB-PD.
MediaTek Pump Express
MediaTek Pump Express is a fast charging standard that is developed by MediaTek and can be found on smartphones that run MediaTek processors. Although MediaTek is a competitor of Qualcomm, the MediaTek Pump Express fast charging standard is compatible with Qualcomm Quick Charge, which is great.
OnePlus Dash Charge, OnePlus Warp Charge, Oppo VOOC, and Oppo Super VOOC
OnePlus Dash Charge is based on Oppo's VOOC fast charging technology, and the two should be compatible with one another. Although these are some of the fastest charging standards in the world, they have the significant disadvantage of not being compatible with other standards.
Smartphones that use these charging standards can fast charge only with proprietary chargers because they require special circuitry built into the chargers. They do not work with third-party chargers made by companies other than their manufacturers.
Huawei SuperCharge and SuperCharge 2.0
Huawei SuperCharge and its 2.0 version are fast charging standards that are proprietary to Huawei. It can deliver up to 10 Volts and 4 Amperes, and up to a maximum of 40 Watts of electrical power. The standards are also compatible with Qualcomm Quick Charge, and they are found on Android smartphones such as the Huawei P20 Pro, Huawei Mate 20 Pro, or the Honor View 20.
What happens when you charge a smartphone with a fast charger from another company, with another charging technology?
Yes, you can use any charger to charge any smartphone, because all chargers are compatible with the others. However, in the worst case scenario, your smartphone might charge slowly, using the lowest voltage and amperage compatible both with your smartphone and your charger. Do not expect to be able to fast charge your smartphone using a fast charger from another company, with another fast charging tech built into it. Some fast charging standards are compatible with others, and that means that you might be able to get fast charging when mixing chargers and devices with compatible standards. However, there is a lot of trial and error in doing so, and it might not always work as you expect. The fastest charging speed of a smartphone is usually achieved using its bundled charger and charging cable, except when using an iPhone, for which you need to purchase a separate fast charger.
Are you happy with the fast charger that comes with your smartphone?
We prefer to use the chargers that are bundled with our smartphones, and avoid using other chargers than the ones officially supported by our smartphones. However, we also use borrowed chargers on occasion, even if that means waiting for a lot longer to charge our devices. Do you do the same? What's your favorite fast charging standard? Are you happy with the charger that you get with your smartphone? Comment below and let's discuss.
