在Mac上使用(Mac)Mail应用程序时，您是否经常遇到崩溃？错误(Bugs)和故障、损坏的首选项和损坏的邮箱索引都可能导致这种情况。
在本教程中，您将了解如何防止Mail应用程序在Mac上崩溃。我们建议按照它们出现的顺序完成以下修复。
如果您在 iPhone 上不断遇到类似问题，请了解如何修复 iOS 版本的 Mail(fix the iOS version of Mail)。
强制退出并重试
如果Mac上的“(Mac)邮件”(Mail)应用在启动时挂起或崩溃，请尝试完全退出它，然后再尝试再次打开它。如果没有，它可以无限期地继续崩溃。
1. 选择顶部菜单上的Apple标志，然后选择(Apple)Force-Quit。
2. 选择邮件(Mail)。
3. 选择强制退出(Force-Quit)。
4. 再次选择Force-Quit进行确认。
重新启动你的 Mac
接下来，尝试重新启动您的Mac。这通常可以修复邮件(Mail)等系统相关应用程序中的技术故障。
1. 打开Apple菜单并选择重新启动(Restart)。
2. 取消选中重新登录时重新打开窗口(Reopen windows when logging back in)旁边的框。
3. 选择重启(Restart)确认。
删除 Mac 邮件首选项
Mail应用程序将您的首选项存储在 Mac 用户库文件夹深处的PLIST文件(Mac)（Property List(PLIST)的缩写）中。(Property List)它可能已损坏，因此请尝试删除该文件并检查是否有影响。
1. 退出或强制退出邮件应用程序。
2. 按住 Control 键单击或右键单击Dock 上的Finder图标，然后选择(Finder)Go to Folder。
3. 将以下路径复制并粘贴到 Go to Folder框中，然后按Enter：
~/Library/Containers/com.apple.mail/Data/Library/Preferences/
4. 将邮件(Mail)首选项文件移动到垃圾箱：
com.apple.mail.plist
5. 重新启动您的 Mac。
6. 重新启动邮件应用程序。
删除应用程序状态
您的Mac会保存Mail应用程序的状态，以便在关机或重新启动后更快地恢复。但是，相关文件可能会损坏并导致冻结和崩溃。因此，以下修复涉及删除Mail应用程序的应用程序状态。
1. 强制退出或退出邮件。
2. 按住 Control 键单击或右键单击菜单栏上的Finder图标，然后选择(Finder)Go to Folder。
3. 将以下路径复制并粘贴到 Go to Folder框中，然后按Enter：
~/Library/Containers/com.apple.mail/Data/Library/Saved Application State
4. 将Mail保存的文件夹移动到垃圾箱：
com.apple.mail.savedState
5. 重新启动您的 Mac。
6. 尝试打开邮件(Mail)并查看问题是否再次出现。
重建您的邮箱
损坏的邮箱是导致Mac上的(Mac)Mail应用程序崩溃的另一个原因。Apple知道这一点，这就是为什么您可以选择重建邮箱的原因。
注意(Note)：如果Mail应用程序在启动时立即崩溃，请继续进行下一个修复。
1. 打开邮件应用程序。
2.在菜单栏上选择邮箱(Mailbox)>重建。(Rebuild)
3.等到(Wait)邮件(Mail)应用程序完成重新下载您的邮件。如果您使用IMAP或Exchange帐户，您可能会暂时看不到您的邮件。
重新索引您的邮箱
以下修复涉及重新索引 Mail 中的邮箱(Mail)。为此，您必须使用Finder删除“信封”文件。
2. 按住 Control 键单击或右键单击菜单栏上的Finder图标，然后选择(Finder)Go to Folder。
3. 将以下路径复制并粘贴到 Go to Folder框中，然后按Enter：
~/Library/Mail
3. 导航到VX > MailData。
4. 找到以下文件并将其移至废纸篓：
信封索引-wal(Envelope Index-wal)
信封索引(Envelope Index)
信封索引(Envelope Index-shm)
删除并重新添加帐户
邮件(Mail)崩溃可能与损坏的帐户配置有关。尝试将其删除并重新添加到您的 Mac中。
1. 强制退出或退出邮件。
2. 打开 Mac 的系统偏好设置(System Preferences)。
3. 选择互联网帐户(Internet Accounts)。
4. 选择侧边栏上的每个帐户，然后取消选中Mail(Mail)旁边的框。
5. 打开 Mac 邮件应用程序。
6. 通过Internet(Internet) 帐户(Accounts)屏幕一一重新启用每个电子邮件帐户，直到邮件(Mail)应用程序崩溃。然后，使用减号(Minus)按钮从Mac中删除有问题的帐户。如果您使用iCloud 钥匙串(iCloud Keychain)，请选择Remove From All进行确认。
6. 重新启动您的Mac并重新访问Internet 帐户(Accounts)平面。然后，选择加(Plus)号按钮以重新添加帐户。
更新你的 Mac
为您的Mac(Mac)应用任何出色的系统软件更新通常有助于解决导致Mail应用程序崩溃的已知错误和问题。
1. 打开系统偏好设置(System Preferences)应用程序并选择软件更新(Software Update)。
3.等到(Wait)您的Mac为您的(Mac)MacBook Pro、MacBook Air、i Mac或Mac mini扫描最新版本的 macOS 。
3. 选择立即更新(Update Now)。
注意(Note)：以上说明仅适用于 macOS Mojave及更高版本。如果您使用 macOS High Sierra或更早版本，请使用Mac App Store更新操作系统。
进入安全模式
安全模式(Mode)是一个精简的环境，能够解决Mac上的持久性错误和故障。如果Mail不断崩溃，请尝试启动它。
英特尔 Mac(Intel Macs)
1. 关闭你的 Mac。
2. 按住Shift键并重新打开。
3. 看到登录屏幕后松开按键。
苹果硅 Mac(Apple Silicon Macs)
1. 关闭你的 Mac。
2.重新打开它，但一直按住电源(Power)按钮，直到进入启动选项屏幕。
3. 按住Shift键并选择Macintosh HD >以安全模式继续(Continue in Safe Mode)。
在安全模式下(In Safe Mode)
在安全模式下(Safe Mode)，您可以再次完成上述修复或执行其他故障排除以解决 macOS 中的一般问题。有关全面的分步说明，请查看本指南以在 Mac 上进入和使用安全模式(entering and using Safe Mode on Mac)。
重置 NVRAM
NVRAM （保存与系统相关的设置，例如时间和日期以及启动首选项）可能会损坏并导致邮件(Mail)应用程序崩溃。如果您使用的是Intel Mac，您可以选择重置它。
1. 关闭你的 Mac。
2.按住Command + Option + P + R键并重新打开它。
3. 听到两次Mac提示音后松开按键。(Mac)如果没有响铃，请在 20 秒后松开按键。
如果重置PRAM没有帮助，请尝试重置 Mac 的存储管理控制器(resetting your Mac’s storage management controller)（或 SMC）。
清除 Mac 缓存
过时(obsolete Mac application or system cache)的Mac 应用程序或系统缓存也可能导致Mail应用程序崩溃。Onyx是一个免费的第三方维护工具，可以帮助您解决这个问题。
1.在您的 Mac 上下载并安装Onyx 。
2. 打开Onyx并输入您的管理员密码。
3. 选择Open System Preferences并允许 Onyx 访问Full Disk Access和Files and Folders隐私类别。
3. 切换到维护(Maintenance)选项卡。
4. 保持默认选择不变，但选择Spotlight index、Mailboxes in Mail和Rebuild index(Rebuild the index)。
5. 选择运行任务(Run Tasks)。
6.等到(Wait)Onyx清除缓存并在您的Mac上重建邮箱索引。它将在此期间重新启动。
邮递员回到城里
如果在您完成上述修复后邮件应用仍然崩溃，请向(Mail)Apple 支持(Apple Support)或您的电子邮件提供商寻求额外帮助。您可能还需要考虑从头开始重新安装 macOS(reinstalling macOS from scratch)。
Mail App on Mac Keeps Crashing? Try These Fixes
Do you experience regulаr crashes while using the Mail app on your Mac? Bugs and glitсhеs, corrupt preferenсes, and broken mailbox indexes can cause that.
In this tutorial, you’ll figure out what you must do to prevent the Mail app from crashing on the Mac. We recommend working through the fixes below in the order in which they appear.
If you keep running into similar issues on iPhone, learn what you can do to fix the iOS version of Mail.
Force-Quit and Retry
If the Mail app on your Mac hangs or crashes at launch, try quitting it completely before attempting to open it again. If not, it can continue crashing indefinitely.
1. Select the Apple logo on the top menu and choose Force-Quit.
2. Select Mail.
3. Select Force-Quit.
4. Select Force-Quit again to confirm.
Restart Your Mac
Next up, try restarting your Mac. That usually fixes technical glitches in system-related apps such as Mail.
1. Open the Apple menu and select Restart.
2. Uncheck the box next to Reopen windows when logging back in.
3. Select Restart to confirm.
Delete Mac Mail Preferences
The Mail app stores your preferences in a PLIST file (short for Property List) deep inside your Mac user library folder. It might be corrupt, so try deleting the file and check if that makes a difference.
1. Quit or force-quit the Mail app.
2. Control-click or right-click the Finder icon on the Dock and select Go to Folder.
3. Copy and paste the following path into the Go to Folder box and press Enter:
~/Library/Containers/com.apple.mail/Data/Library/Preferences/
4. Move the Mail preference file into the Trash:
com.apple.mail.plist
5. Restart your Mac.
6. Relaunch the Mail app.
Delete Application State
Your Mac saves the state of the Mail app for faster resuming after a shutdown or reboot. However, the relevant files could corrupt and induce freezes and crashes. So the following fix involves deleting the application state for the Mail app.
1. Force-quit or quit Mail.
2. Control-click or right-click the Finder icon on the menu bar and select Go to Folder.
3. Copy and paste the following path into the Go to Folder box and press Enter:
~/Library/Containers/com.apple.mail/Data/Library/Saved Application State
4. Move the Mail saved folder into the Trash:
com.apple.mail.savedState
5. Restart your Mac.
6. Attempt to open Mail and see if the issue recurs.
Rebuild Your Mailboxes
Corrupted mailboxes are another reason that result in Mail app crashes on Mac. Apple knows that, which is why you have the option to rebuild your mailboxes.
Note: If the Mail app crashes instantly upon launch, move onto the next fix.
1. Open the Mail app.
2. Select Mailbox > Rebuild on the menu bar.
3. Wait until the Mail app finishes redownloading your messages. If you use IMAP or Exchange accounts, you may not see your messages for a while.
Reindex Your Mailboxes
The following fix involves reindexing the mailboxes in Mail. For that, you must delete the “envelope” files using Finder.
2. Control-click or right-click the Finder icon on the menu bar and select Go to Folder.
3. Copy and paste the following path into the Go to Folder box and press Enter:
~/Library/Mail
3. Navigate to VX > MailData.
4. Locate and move the following files into the Trash:
Envelope Index-wal
Envelope Index
Envelope Index-shm
Remove and Re-Add Account
Mail crashes might be related to a broken account configuration. Try removing and re-adding it to your Mac.
1. Force-quit or quit Mail.
2. Open your Mac’s System Preferences.
3. Select Internet Accounts.
4. Select each account on the sidebar and uncheck the box next to Mail.
5. Open the Mac Mail app.
6. Re-enable each email account via the Internet Accounts screen one-by-one until the Mail app crashes. Then, use the Minus button to remove the problematic account from your Mac. If you use iCloud Keychain, select Remove From All to confirm.
6. Restart your Mac and revisit the Internet Accounts plane. Then, select the Plus button to re-add the account.
Update Your Mac
Applying any outstanding system software updates for your Mac often helps resolve known bugs and issues that cause the Mail app to crash.
1. Open the System Preferences app and select Software Update.
3. Wait until your Mac scans for the latest version of macOS for your MacBook Pro, MacBook Air, iMac, or Mac mini.
3. Select Update Now.
Note: The above instructions only apply to macOS Mojave and later. If you use macOS High Sierra or earlier, use the Mac App Store to update the operating system.
Enter Safe Mode
Safe Mode is a stripped-down environment capable of resolving persistent bugs and glitches on the Mac. If Mail keeps crashing, try booting into it.
Intel Macs
1. Turn off your Mac.
2. Hold down the Shift key and turn it back on.
3. Release the key once you see the login screen.
Apple Silicon Macs
1. Turn off your Mac.
2. Turn it back on but keep pressing the Power button until you get to the startup options screen.
3. Hold down the Shift key and select Macintosh HD > Continue in Safe Mode.
In Safe Mode
In Safe Mode, you can work your way through the above fixes again or perform additional troubleshooting geared toward resolving general issues in macOS. For comprehensive step-by-step instructions, check this guide to entering and using Safe Mode on Mac.
Reset NVRAM
The NVRAM (which holds system-related settings such as the time & date and startup preferences) can corrupt and create Mail app crashes. If you use an Intel Mac, you can choose to reset it.
1. Shut down your Mac.
2. Hold down the Command + Option + P + R keys and turn it back on.
3. Release the keys once you hear your Mac chime twice. If it doesn’t chime, release the keys after 20 seconds.
If resetting the PRAM doesn’t help, try resetting your Mac’s storage management controller (or SMC) next.
Clear Mac Cache
An obsolete Mac application or system cache can also cause the Mail app to crash. Onyx is a free third-party maintenance tool that can help you deal with that.
1. Download and install Onyx on your Mac.
2. Open Onyx and insert your administrator password.
3. Select Open System Preferences and allow Onyx access to the Full Disk Access and Files and Folders privacy categories.
3. Switch to the Maintenance tab.
4. Keep the default selections intact but select Spotlight index, Mailboxes in Mail, and Rebuild the index.
5. Select Run Tasks.
6. Wait until Onyx clears the cache and rebuild the mailbox indexes on your Mac. It will reboot in the meantime.
The Postman Is Back in Town
If the Mail app keeps crashing even after working your way through the above fixes, seek extra help from Apple Support or your email provider. You may also want to consider reinstalling macOS from scratch.
