您可能已经读到，研究人员已经找到了一种使用Apple Watch等智能手表来帮助检测COVID-19 的方法(COVID-19)。这是在 iPhone 上引入曝光通知的补充。这是一个引人入胜且令人兴奋的发展，但这对您意味着什么？在你太兴奋之前，让我们看看这项研究的真正含义。
在哪里可以找到有关COVID-19 的信息(COVID-19)
如果您对COVID-19不太了解，最好先了解有关病毒和疾病的正确事实，然后再参与Apple Watch COVID-19研究或任何其他旨在帮助您管理的功能您的新冠病毒(COVID)风险。
世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)是一个很好的起点。这是为世界上大多数最大的国家政府提供信息和帮助的组织。所以这很像跳过中间人，直接找到源头。
对于美国(USA)的读者，访问疾病控制和预防中心(Center for Disease Control and Prevention)COVID-19 网站也很有帮助。如果您不在美国(USA)，您应该考虑从您当前居住国的同等机构寻找信息。
如何在iPhone(Your)上启用暴露通知(Exposure Notification)
Apple和Google合作创建了一个暴露通知系统，可以让您知道您是否与被诊断出患有COVID-19的人有过接触。以下是选择加入的方法：
- 在 iPhone 上搜索COVID，然后选择Exposure Notification。
- 现在选择打开暴露通知(Turn on Exposure Notification)。
- 阅读条款和条件后选择继续。( Continue )
- 接下来，选择您的位置。
- 阅读当地医疗机构的条款和条件，如果您同意，请接受。
- 暴露通知现在应该处于活动状态。选择确定( OK )继续。
研究如何使用Apple Watch检测COVID-19
由于最新款Apple Watch(Apple Watch)中的心率传感器非常复杂，研究人员决定比较确诊 COVID-19 感染者和未感染者之间的数据，即使感染者没有症状。
通过仔细分析他们收集的心率数据，可以检测出被感染但没有感到不适或从未出现症状的人的变化。
这些研究中使用的主要因素称为心率变异性，其定义为每次心跳之间的时间差。健康的心脏不会有精确均匀间隔的恒定心跳，而是不断适应体内的各种因素。
有问题的研究着眼于健康人和感染COVID-19的人的心率变异性数据。根据结果，感染COVID-19(COVID-19)的人的心率变异性存在可检测模式，可作为早期检测方法。当然，这附带一长串警告和免责声明！
谁做了研究？
已经有多项研究试图了解使用智能手表心脏传感器数据及早检测COVID-19感染的可行性。
Robert Hirten及其同事已经预先发表了他们的研究文章(research article)，这意味着该论文没有经过同行评审，也没有经过科学严谨的最后一步，才正式发表论文。专家审稿人可能仍然会在论文中发现必须纠正的缺陷。
根据文章的摘要，该团队使用定制的Apple Watch应用程序从参与者那里收集数据。他们得出的结论是，在对数据应用数学模型后，仅使用心率变异性数据就可以及早识别COVID-19感染。(COVID-19)
第二篇论文(second paper)发表在著名的《自然(Nature)》杂志上。Tejaswini Mishra及其同事还使用记录的智能手表数据来确定 COVID-19 感染前后是否存在可检测的模式变化。在这项研究中，使用了Fitbit设备，而不是Apple Watch(Apple Watches)。他们得出的结论是，使用这些数据可以实时检测到 63% 的病例。
您的Apple Watch 现在可以检测到 COVID-19(Apple Watch Detect COVID-19 Right)吗？
您还不能将Apple Watch用作COVID-19感染的早期检测设备。任何用于健康监测或诊断目的的设备都必须经过相关机构的认证。
用户的误报或错误的安全感可能会产生负面后果，这确实存在风险。将洗手计时器集成到Apple Watch中是一回事，添加一个承诺诊断医疗状况的功能是另一回事。
这仅限于 Apple Watch 吗？
不，任何具有适当复杂心脏传感器的智能手表都应该可以工作，前提是它具有所需的处理能力和软件。但是，确保其安全可靠功能的研究和认证过程可能需要很长时间。
因此，尽管这是智能手表技术的一个如此有趣的应用，但您不应改变监控自己是否有可能感染 COVID-19 的方式。
- 在公共场合戴口罩。
- 与他人保持距离。
- 彻底洗手，避免触摸眼睛或嘴巴。
- 定期检查您的体温是否有发烧的早期迹象。
- 注意身体疼痛、疲劳、持续咳嗽或呼吸急促等症状。
如果您当地的医疗机构批准使用智能手表软件来早期检测COVID-19感染，那么您可以按照指定的方式使用该软件，并结合合格医疗专业人员的建议。
Can Your Apple Watch or iPhone Help Detect COVID-19? What To Know
You may have reаd that researchers have found a way to use smartwatches such as the Aрple Watch to help deteсt COVID-19. This comes in addition to the introduction of exposure notification on iPhones. This is a fascinating and exciting development, but what does it mean to you? Before you get too excited, let’s look at what this research actually means.
Where to Find Information on COVID-19
If you’re not that well-informed about COVID-19, it’s a good idea to get the right facts about both the virus and the disease before you engage with the Apple Watch COVID-19 studies or any other feature designed to help you manage your COVID risk.
The World Health Organization is a good place to start. This is the organization that’s providing information and assistance to most of the largest national governments in the world. So it’s pretty much like skipping the middleman and going to the source.
For readers in the USA, it’s also helpful to visit the Center for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 site as well. If you’re not in the USA, you should consider looking for information from your current nation of residence’s equivalent authority.
How To Enable Exposure Notification on Your iPhone
Apple and Google have worked together to create an exposure notification system that can let you know if you’ve been in contact with someone that’s been diagnosed with COVID-19. Here’s how to opt-in:
- Search for COVID on your iPhone and then select Exposure Notification.
- Now select Turn on Exposure Notification.
- Select Continue after reading the terms and conditions.
- Next, choose your location.
- Read the terms and conditions for your local medical authority and accept them if you agree.
- Exposure Notifications should now be active. Select OK to continue.
How Studies Used the Apple Watch to Detect COVID-19
Since the heart rate sensors in the latest models of Apple Watch are very sophisticated, researchers decided to compare that data between people with confirmed COVID-19 infections and those without, even when the infected persons were asymptomatic.
By carefully analyzing the heart rate data they collected, it was possible to detect changes in people who were infected but either didn’t feel sick or never developed symptoms.
The main factor used in these studies is called heart rate variability, which is defined as the difference in time between each heartbeat. A healthy heart doesn’t have a constant heartbeat with precise even intervals, instead it’s constantly adapting to various factors in the body.
The studies in question looked at heart rate variability data in healthy people versus those who developed COVID-19 infections. According to the results, there are detectable patterns in the heart rate variability of people infected with COVID-19 that may serve as an early detection method. Of course, this comes with a long list of caveats and disclaimers!
Who Did the Research?
There have been multiple studies that have tried to see how feasible it is to use smartwatch heart sensor data to detect COVID-19 infections early.
Robert Hirten and colleagues have pre-published their research article, which means that the paper has not been peer-reviewed and hasn’t gone through the final step of scientific rigor before a paper is officially published. Expert reviewers may still find flaws in the paper that must be corrected.
According to the abstract of the article, the team used a custom Apple Watch app to collect data from participants. They concluded that, after applying a mathematical model to the data, it’s possible to identify COVID-19 infections early using nothing but heart rate variability data.
The second paper was published in the prestigious Nature journal. Tejaswini Mishra and colleagues also used recorded smart watch data to determine if there was a detectable pattern change from before and after a COVID-19 infection. In this study, Fitbit devices were used, rather than Apple Watches. They conclude that 63% of cases could have been detected in real time using this data.
Can Your Apple Watch Detect COVID-19 Right Now?
You can’t use your Apple Watch as an early detection device for COVID-19 infection, yet. Any device that’s to be used for health monitoring or diagnostic purposes has to be certified for that purpose by the relevant authority.
There’s a real risk that false positives or a false sense of security on the part of users can have negative consequences. It’s one thing to integrate a hand-washing timer into the Apple Watch, it’s another to add a feature which promises to diagnose a medical condition.
Is This Limited to Apple Watches?
No, any smartwatch with a suitably sophisticated heart sensor should work assuming that it has the processing power and software required. However, the research and certification process to ensure that it’s a safe and reliable feature can take a long time.
Therefore, despite this being such an interesting application of smartwatch technology, you should not change how you monitor yourself for a potential COVID-19 infection.
- Wear a face mask in public.
- Maintain your distance from other people.
- Wash your hands thoroughly and avoid touching your eyes or mouth.
- Check your temperature regularly for early signs of fever.
- Be mindful of symptoms such as body aches, fatigue, a persistent cough or shortness of breath.
If your local medical authority approves the use of smartwatch software for the early detection of COVID-19 infections, then you may use that software in the manner indicated in conjunction with advice from a qualified medical professional.
