为什么我的网速(Internet)这么慢？为什么Netflix突然停止和启动？为什么我的游戏这么卡？你可能至少问过自己一次这个问题。
答案可能是使用您的WiFi的人数超过了应有的人数。让我们看看如何处理它。
如何判断谁应该使用您的 WiFi(How To Tell Who Should Be Using Your WiFi)
在你弄清楚谁不应该在你的Wifi上之前，你需要弄清楚谁应该是。首先(Start)盘点可以连接的每台设备。笔记本电脑(Laptops)、个人电脑(PCs)、手机和平板电脑是常见的嫌疑人。不要(Don)忘记诸如相机、家庭助理、智能灯泡、冰箱之类的智能设备，还有谁知道呢。
把它们都写成一个清单。然后，如果可能，您需要找到每个设备的媒体访问控制(Media Access Control)( MAC ) 和Internet 协议(Internet Protocol)(IP) 地址，并将它们也写下来。我们设备的MAC地址永远不会更改，但 IP 地址可能会经常更改。这就是为什么我们会想要他们两个。
获得所有这些信息后，我们将连接到我们的WiFi路由器，将其显示的内容与我们的列表进行比较。我们需要路由器的 IP 地址来连接它，我们将在下面看到如何找到它。然后我们将阻止任何不在我们列表中的内容。
首先，让我们看看如何获取我们设备的 IP 和MAC地址。
查找计算机和路由器的 MAC 和 IP 地址(Find The MAC & IP Address Of Computers & Router)
这将集中在Windows计算机上。我们还有一篇关于如何找到苹果电脑 MAC 地址的文章。
- 打开CMD提示符
- 输入命令ipconfig /all然后回车(Enter)
- 查找(Look)引用WiFi的条目。在此示例中，它称为无线 LAN 适配器 Wi-Fi(Wireless LAN Adapter Wi-Fi)
- 找到物理地址(Physical Address)。在这个例子中，它是9C-B6-D0-10-CF-D8
- 找到IPv4 地址(IPv4 Address)( 192.168.2.12 )。
- 找到默认网关(Default Gateway)( 192.168.2.1 ) 这将是您的WiFi路由器的 IP 地址。
查找电话的 MAC 和 IP 地址(Find The MAC & IP Addresses Of Phones)
该过程因手机品牌和型号而异。我们正在寻找的信息将与WiFi设置相关。
- 进入设置(Settings)。
- 寻找WiFi设置和获取更高级WiFi设置的方法。
- 找到高级设置后，找到MAC和IP地址。在本例中，IP 地址为192.168.2.17，MAC 地址为10:F1:F2:4D:F0:1C
查找其他连接设备的 MAC 和 IP 地址(Find The MAC & IP Addresses Of Other Connected Devices)
这个过程会有很大的不同。有许多不同类型的设备可以连接到WiFi网络。相机(Cameras)、门铃、灯泡、冰箱、宠物喂食器、气象站，可能还有厨房水槽。
我们需要查看设备的文档或在Internet上搜索如何检查每台设备。不过，您可以通过登录WiFi路由器了解 IP 地址。我们现在就这样做。
WiFi路由器上的MAC过滤(MAC Filtering On a WiFi Router)
防止未经授权访问您的WiFi的最佳方法之一是通过MAC过滤。您可以创建允许访问WiFi的(WiFi)MAC地址列表。如果设备的MAC不在列表中，则无法进入。
请注意，这并不完美。有一些方法可以使设备看起来具有不同的 MAC 地址( make a device look like it has a different MAC address)。这就是所谓的MAC欺骗。但是MAC过滤会阻止除了最顽固的人之外的所有人。
当我们获得计算机的MAC和 IP 地址时，我们还获得了Default Gateway的 IP 地址。那是我们WiFi路由器的IP地址。大多数WiFi路由器都有一个基于 Web 的管理界面，我们现在将访问它。
请(Take)注意，不同的路由器会有非常不同的外观屏幕和导航。请查阅用户手册了解路由器的品牌和型号。
- 打开 Web 浏览器并在地址栏中键入默认网关(Default Gateway)的 IP 地址。
- 应打开一个网页，要求输入用户名和密码。这是您第一次获得路由器时设置的内容。
- 在路由器管理站点中，将有一个点列出此时连接到路由器的所有设备。找到不在您的MAC地址列表中的那些并记录它们的MAC地址。
- 在路由器管理站点中找到可以激活MAC 过滤(MAC Filtering)的位置。在那里，确保恶意设备的MAC地址被阻止并且您的设备未被阻止。这将阻止他们访问您的WiFi。
一旦它们被阻止，您应该做一些其他的事情来帮助防止流氓设备再次进入您的网络。
停止广播 SSID 并更改密码(Stop Broadcasting The SSID & Change The Password)
如果您真的想让爱管闲事的邻居远离您的WiFi，请停止广播 SSID，更改 SSID(change the SSID)，并更改访问密码(change the access password)。
登录路由器管理站点后，寻找可以关闭或打开SSID广播的位置。把它关掉。这有助于防止任何人甚至看到您的网络存在。然后更改您的网络名称。现在，爱管闲事的邻居甚至不知道您的网络是哪个。
不过，您需要将您的设备重新连接到新的SSID，并且您必须为您的设备输入新名称才能找到网络。
确保(Make)您也更改了WiFi访问密码。最近的(Recent)研究表明，最好的密码通常是密码短语。想(Think)一首最喜欢的歌曲、名言，或者可能是最喜欢的食物和饮料的名称。关键是在短语中有 3 或 4 个单词。这使得密码易于记忆，但极难破解。
出去和呆在外面(Get Out & Stay Out)
现在您确切地知道谁在您的网络上，谁不应该在。你已经做了一切合理的事情来保持这种状态。您还知道如何检查您是否怀疑有爱管闲事的邻居再次使用您的WiFi。让我们称之为它是什么。他们不是爱管闲事，他们是小偷。
现在，我们都不是这里的律师，但您想确保您的资产得到保障。你不知道那个小偷在你的WiFi上做什么。如果他们在做违法的事情，您的Internet服务提供商 ( ISP ) 会将其追踪到您的路由器。因此，如果您不断在WiFi上看到相同的(WiFi)MAC地址，请使用包括日期和时间在内的屏幕截图记录下来。然后联系您的ISP，让他们了解情况。
将此信息也提交给您当地的警察可能是一个好主意。然后，如果确实发生了某些事情，您就可以说您已尽一切努力防止它发生。
How To Boot Someone Off Your Wifi Network If You Catch Them Hijacking Your Internet
Why is my Internet so slow? Why is Netflix stopping and starting all of a sudden? Whу iѕ my game so laggy? Yoυ’ve likely asked yourself this question at least oncе.
The answer could be that more people are using your WiFi than there should be. Let’s look at how to deal with that.
How To Tell Who Should Be Using Your WiFi
Before you can figure out who shouldn’t be on your Wifi, you need to figure out who should be. Start by taking stock of every device that could be connected. Laptops, PCs, phones, and tablets are the usual suspects. Don’t forget about smart devices like cameras, home assistants, smart bulbs, fridges, and who knows what else.
Write them all down as a list. Then you’ll need to find the Media Access Control (MAC) and Internet Protocol (IP) address for each device if possible, and write those down as well. The MAC address of our devices never changes, but the IP address can change frequently. That’s why we’ll want both of them.
Once you’ve got all that information, we’ll connect to our WiFi router to compare what it shows there with our list. We’ll need the IP address of our router to connect to it, which we’ll see how to find it below. Then we’ll block anything that isn’t on our list.
First, let’s see how to get the IP and MAC addresses of our devices.
Find The MAC & IP Address Of Computers & Router
This will focus on a Windows computer. We have another article on how to find the MAC address of an Apple computer.
- Open the CMD prompt
- Enter the command ipconfig /all then press Enter
- Look for an entry referencing WiFi. In this example, it’s called Wireless LAN Adapter Wi-Fi
- Find the Physical Address. In this example, it is 9C-B6-D0-10-CF-D8
- Find the IPv4 Address (192.168.2.12).
- Find the Default Gateway (192.168.2.1) This will be the IP address for your WiFi router.
Find The MAC & IP Addresses Of Phones
The process will vary between different makes and models of phones. The information we’re looking for will be somewhere related to the WiFi settings.
- Go into Settings.
- Look for the WiFi setting and a way to get to more advanced WiFi settings.
- Once you’ve found the advanced settings, find the MAC and IP address. In this example, the IP address is 192.168.2.17 and the MAC address is 10:F1:F2:4D:F0:1C
Find The MAC & IP Addresses Of Other Connected Devices
This process will vary widely. There are so many different types of devices that can connect to WiFi networks. Cameras, doorbells, light bulbs, refrigerators, pet feeders, weather stations, and probably kitchen sinks too.
We’ll need to go through the device’s documentation or search the Internet for how to check each device. You can get an idea of the IP addresses by logging in to the WiFi router though. We’ll do that now.
MAC Filtering On a WiFi Router
One of the best ways to prevent unauthorized access to your WiFi is through MAC filtering. You can create a list of MAC addresses that are allowed to access the WiFi. If the device’s MAC isn’t on the list, it cannot get in.
Be aware, this isn’t perfect. There are ways to make a device look like it has a different MAC address. That’s called MAC spoofing. But MAC filtering will stop all but the most persistent people.
Back when we got the MAC and IP address for our computer, we also got the IP address for the Default Gateway. That’s the IP address of our WiFi router. Most WiFi routers have a web-based administration interface that we’ll access now.
Take note, different routers will have very different looking screens and navigation. Consult the user’s manual for your router’s make and model.
- Open a web browser and type the IP address of the Default Gateway in the Address Bar.
- A web page should open asking for a username and password. This is something that was set up when you first got the router.
- In the router management site, there will be a spot that lists all the devices connected to the router at this point. Find the ones that aren’t in your list of MAC addresses and record their MAC addresses.
- Find the place in the router management site where you can activate MAC Filtering. Once there, make sure the MAC addresses of the rogue devices are blocked and your devices are not blocked. That will prevent them from accessing your WiFi.
Once they are blocked you should do a couple of other things to help prevent the rogue devices from getting on your network again.
Stop Broadcasting The SSID & Change The Password
If you really want to keep the nosy neighbour off your WiFi, stop broadcasting the SSID, change the SSID, and change the access password.
While logged into the router management site, look for the spot where you can turn SSID broadcasting off or on. Turn it off. This helps prevent anyone from even seeing your network exists. Then change the name of your network. Now, the nosy neighbors don’t even know which network is yours.
You’ll need to re-connect your devices to the new SSID though, and you’ll have to type in the new name for your devices to find the network.
Make sure you change the WiFi access password as well. Recent research has shown that the best passwords are typically passphrases. Think of a favourite song, quote, or maybe the name of a favourite meal and drink. The point is to have 3 or 4 words in the phrase. This makes for an easy-to-remember, but an extremely hard to crack, password.
Get Out & Stay Out
Now you know exactly who is on your network and who shouldn’t be. You’ve done everything reasonable to keep it that way. You also know how to check if you suspect a nosy neighbour is on your WiFi again. Let’s call it what it is. They’re not nosy, they are thieves.
Now, none of us are lawyers here but you want to make sure your assets are covered. You don’t know what that thief is doing on your WiFi. If they’re doing something illegal, your Internet service provider (ISP) will track it back to your router. So if you keep seeing the same MAC address on your WiFi repeatedly, record it with screenshots including date and time. Then contact your ISP to make them aware of the situation.
It may be a good idea to submit this information to your local police as well. Then, if something does happen, you’ll be able to say you did all that you could to prevent it.
