有什么比现在丢失电脑上的所有东西更让你害怕的呢？如果您的硬盘驱动器(disk drive)( HDD ) 现在死了，那么这一秒，您的心脏会沉入(heart sink)您的胃中还是(stomach or launch)直接进入您的喉咙？
您一直在确保将文件备份到云服务或将珍贵的照片备份到外部硬盘(HDD)。所以，这没什么大不了的……对吧？即使如此，如果您的驱动器崩溃，您可能会丢失一些文件。
不要惊慌，我们是来帮忙的。如果硬盘(HDD isn)没有物理损坏，您很有可能自己恢复文件。
我如何知道我的 HDD(My HDD)是否受到物理损坏？
有一些线索可以知道您的HDD是否受到物理损坏。声音(Sound)是一个很好的指标。如果您在计算机死机之前或启动时听到重复的咔嗒声，则您的驱动器可能已物理损坏。(clicking sound)
那是读/写头试图返回其原始位置并失败(home position and failing)的声音。立即关闭计算机。我们将在一分钟内讨论原因。
如果您听到最轻微的刮擦声或磨擦声，则说明您的驱动器已物理损坏。那是读/写头从驱动器中的磁盘表面刮下的声音。现在关掉你的电脑。现在。
为什么听到这些声音时需要关闭计算机？因为你听到这些声音的每一秒，硬盘中的磁盘(HDD)都被损坏到无法修复的地步。被损坏的每一小块磁盘都意味着文件、文件夹、图片或视频将永远丢失。
您仍然可以恢复一些文件，但需要找到数据恢复专家并花费(data recovery specialist and spending)至少 1000 美元。数据恢复(Data recovery)专家拥有非常昂贵的设备和培训(equipment and training)以及无菌、无尘的环境。
这使他们可以巧妙地拆开您的HDD，并使用他们的特殊电子设备和工具来缓慢、小心地尽可能多地恢复。但没有任何保证。他们在拆开驱动器之前不会知道驱动器的损坏程度。
如果它确实有内部损坏的症状，但您根本没有现金进行专业恢复，您仍然可以试一试。在这一点上，您已经将文件计数为已消失，所以掷骰子，玩彩票，并尝试学习一些东西。您可能会很幸运并恢复祖父母的结婚照或侄子的第一个生日
我的硬盘听起来不错(HDD Sounds Fine)，我如何(How)自己恢复文件？
如果您的HDD损坏指示为零，则恢复文件的几率非常高。让我们看看选项。
使用LiveCD 或 LiveUSB(LiveCD or LiveUSB)和外部硬盘驱动器(External Hard Drive)
我们已经在如何(How)使用Linux Live CD检索 Windows 文件(Retrieve Windows Files)中对此进行了深入的操作。这个想法是制作一个带有Linux 发行版的可启动(Linux distribution)USB 驱动器(USB drive)，例如 Hiren 的Boot CD 或 Ultimate Boot CD(Boot CD or Ultimate Boot CD)。
使用LiveUSB启动带有死驱动器的计算机。它将启动到LiveUSB上的操作系统(operating system)，而不是计算机的
操作系统(operating system)。插入(Plug)您的其他USB 硬盘(USB HDD)，以便您有一些地方可以保存文件。
LiveUSB将具有某种文件资源(file explorer)管理器，例如
Windows 资源管理器(Windows Explorer)。打开它，看看你是否可以用它访问你的硬盘(HDD)。如果您可以找到您的文件，您应该能够将它们复制到您的外部硬盘驱动器。
卸下硬盘并连接(HDD and Connect)到另一台计算机(Computer)
这可能看起来有点极端，但它可以很好地工作。使用台式电脑比使用笔记本电脑更容易，但如果你愿意尝试，你可以这样做。
首先，确保计算机已拔下电源并且没有通电。如果是笔记本电脑，您也需要卸下电池。
从电脑机箱(computer case)或笔记本电脑上取下盖子，然后找到硬盘驱动器。断开(Disconnect)连接到它的所有电缆。拉出电缆时，请用电缆的硬端拉它们，而不是拉电缆本身。那会伤害他们。
可能有一些螺丝需要松开，以便您卸下硬盘驱动器。尽量不要触摸硬盘驱动器上可能暴露的任何引脚或电路。另外，请勿掉落硬盘。两者都可能导致损坏，从而使您无法使用硬盘驱动器。
现在，您可以通过将其安装在 PC 中或将其作为外部硬盘驱动器连接到另一台计算机。让我们先看看在另一台 PC 上安装它。
在另一台电脑上安装硬盘(Hard Drive)
如果您将硬盘(HDD)从 PC 中取出，您可能可以将其安装在另一台 PC 中。大多数 PC 都具有安装两个或更多HDD的能力
。
打开 PC 并查看它是否有空的HDD 托架(HDD bay)和空的电缆连接可供使用。如果是，请安装HDD，然后连接电缆。打开这台 PC 并进入Windows 资源管理器(Windows Explorer)以查看您的驱动器是否可见。如果是，请复制您要保存的文件。
将文件从驱动器中取出后，如果没有物理损坏，您可以对其进行格式化并将其用作辅助驱动器。
通过USB(USB)将硬盘驱动器(Hard Drive)连接到另一台 PC
此选项更容易，因为它不需要(t require)拆开另一台计算机。如果您从笔记本电脑上卸下硬盘(HDD)，这可能是要走的路。即使使用这种方法，也有几种方法可以做到这一点。
一种方法是获取外部USB 硬盘盒(USB HDD enclosure)。您可以在网上以低至 20 美元的价格购买这些产品。打开机箱并安装硬盘(HDD)。然后将其插入工作计算机的USB 端口(USB port)，即可访问文件。另外，您现在拥有一个容量很大的外置硬盘。(HDD)
拯救文件后，您可能希望在外部HDD上执行完整格式。这将有助于在文件系统(file system)中将损坏的部分标记为不可用。因为您的驱动器将不再写入这些扇区，您可能会获得几个月甚至几年的服务。
另一种方法是获取USB HDD 适配器(USB HDD adapter)或USB HDD
扩展坞。适配器是一组连接到HDD的电缆，有时还连接到电源(power source)。然后你把它插入一个USB 端口，你的电脑应该像一个外部(USB port)USB 硬盘(USB HDD)一样把它接起来。
这有点草率，因为您将两三根电缆散布在桌子上，而HDD只是暴露在外。但它确实有效。这些适配器的售价约为 20 美元。
HDD扩展坞看起来有点像烤面包机。您将HDD插入其中，然后将其插入电源并将(power and plug)USB端口(USB port)插入计算机。它也应该显示为外部USB 硬盘(USB HDD)。码头售价约为 40 美元。
两者都使用过，我们推荐HDD dock，特别是如果您是朋友和家人的非官方IT 人员(IT person)。一个好的甚至可以在没有连接到任何计算机的情况下用于克隆硬盘驱动器。
死固态驱动器怎么样？
固态驱动器 ( SSD ) 本质上不容易从中恢复文件。通常，如果SSD(SSD doesn)似乎无法正常工作，它就永远无法工作。为此做好准备。然而，您可以尝试一件事可能会奏效。这是一个渺茫的机会，但仍然是一个机会。此方法仅在故障是由于您所在地区的停电(power outage)或类似情况导致(area or something)断电(power loss)时才有效
。
从SSD上拔下数据传输线(transfer cable)，但保持
电源线(power cable)连接。如果连接到SSD的电缆集成了电源和数据(power and data)
，则需要使用SATA电源线(power cable)。
如果有单独的电源线和数据线(power and data cables)，则可以使用外部USB 驱动器(USB drive)外壳。将SATA 电源线连接到(SATA power)SSD
上的适当位置和主机PC 电源(PCs power)连接。按照已经连接到SSD的电缆找到它应该去的地方。
接下来，打开计算机电源，让它静置 20 分钟。不要对计算机做任何事情，让它随它去吧。
完全关闭计算机并断开驱动器 30 秒。
再次连接驱动器，再次打开计算机电源，然后再等待 20 分钟。关闭计算机并断开SSD的电源。
就像我们开始之前一样，用电源线和数据线(power and data cables)重新连接SSD 。打开你的电脑。如果一切顺利，它应该可以工作。如果它正常工作，还请更新SSD上的固件，以确保它正常工作并且不会因断电(power outage)而损坏。
如果这不起作用，从坏掉的(t work)SSD中获取数据的唯一可靠方法是联系数据恢复专家(data recovery specialist)并拿出你的钱包。
一盎司的预防...
如果您只是阅读本文来学习一些东西，那么要学习的是备份，备份，备份。然后再备份一些。由于云存储的普遍性和相对可承受性以及价格合理的外部驱动器，您应该将所有文件备份到至少一种（如果不是两种）不同的存储方法。然后，您将永远不必担心尝试从死硬盘恢复数据的混乱局面。
How To Extract Files From a Dead Hard Drive
What scares you more than losіng everything that’s on your
computer right now? If your hard diѕk drive (HDD) died right now, this second,
would your heart sink into your stomach or launch it straight up іnto your
throat?
You’ve been making sure your files are backed up to a cloud
service or that your cherished photos are backed up to an external HDD. So,
it’s no big deal…right? Even still, if your drive crashed, you’d potentially
lose some files.
Don’t panic, we’re here to help. There’s a good chance you
can recover the files yourself, if the HDD isn’t physically damaged.
How Do I Know if My HDD is Physically Damaged?
There are a few clues to knowing if your HDD is physically damaged. Sound is a great indicator. If you hear a repetitive clicking sound coming from your computer just before it dies, or on startup, your drive is likely physically damaged.
That’s the sound of the read/write head trying to return to its home position and failing. Turn your computer off immediately. We’ll talk about why in a minute.
If you hear even the mildest of scraping or grinding sounds,
your drive is physically damaged. That’s the sound of the read/write head
shaving off the surface of the disks in the drive. Turn off your computer now.
Right now.
Why do you need to turn off your computer when you hear
these sounds? Because every second that you’re hearing those sounds, the disks
in the HDD are being damaged beyond repair. Every tiny bit of the disks that
gets damaged means files, folders, pictures, or videos are being lost forever.
You can still recover some of the files, but it will require finding a data recovery specialist and spending at least $1000 dollars. Data recovery specialists have very expensive equipment and training and sterile, dust free environments.
This allows them to delicately take apart your HDD and use their special electronics and tools to slowly, carefully, recover as much as they can. There are no guarantees though. They won’t know how damaged the drive is before they take it apart.
If it does have symptoms of internal damage, but you simply
don’t have the cash for professional recovery, you could still give it a shot.
At this point, you’re already counting the files as gone, so roll the dice,
play the lottery, and try to learn something. You might get lucky and recover
your grandparent’s wedding photo, or nephew’s first birthday
My HDD Sounds Fine, How Can I Recover Files Myself?
If your HDD has zero indication of damage, the odds of
recovering files are pretty good. Let’s look at the options.
Use a LiveCD or LiveUSB and an External Hard Drive
We’ve already done an in-depth how-to about this in How to Retrieve Windows Files Using a Linux Live CD. The idea is to make a bootable USB drive with a Linux distribution on it like Hiren’s Boot CD or Ultimate Boot CD.
Use the LiveUSB to boot the computer with the dead drive. It
will boot into the operating system on your LiveUSB instead of your computer’s
operating system. Plug in your other USB HDD so you have some place to save the
files.
The LiveUSB will have some sort of file explorer, like
Windows Explorer. Open that and see if you can access your HDD with it. If you
can find your files, you should be able to copy them to your external hard
drive.
Remove the HDD and Connect to Another Computer
This may seem a little extreme, but it can work well. It is
easier to do with desktop computers than laptops, but if you’re willing to try
you can do this.
First, make sure the computer is unplugged and has no power going
to it. If it’s a laptop, you’ll want to remove the battery as well.
Remove the cover from the computer case, or laptop, and find
the hard drive. Disconnect any cables that are attached to it. When you pull
out the cables, pull them by the hard end of the cable, not by pulling on the
cables themselves. That can damage them.
There may be some screws to undo to allow you to remove the
hard drive. Try to not touch any of the pins or circuitry that may be exposed
on the hard drive. Also, do not drop the hard drive. Either could cause damage
that would prevent you from being able to use the hard drive.
Now, you can either connect it to another computer by
installing it in a PC or attaching it as an external hard drive. Let’s look at
installing it in another PC first.
Install the Hard Drive in Another PC
If you took the HDD out of a PC, you can likely install it
in another PC. Most PCs are built with the capability to have two or more HDD
installed.
Open the PC and see if it has an empty HDD bay and empty
cable connections to use. If it does, install the HDD, then connect the cables.
Turn on this PC and go into Windows Explorer to see if your drive is visible.
If it is, copy off the files you want to save.
Once you have the files off the drive, you may be able
format it and use it as a secondary drive if there is no physical damage to it.
Connect the Hard Drive to Another PC via USB
This option is easier as it doesn’t require taking another
computer apart. If you removed the HDD from a laptop, this is probably the way
to go. Even with this method, there are a few ways you can do this.
One method is to get an external USB HDD enclosure. You can
buy these online for as little as $20 dollars. You open the enclosure and
install your HDD. Then you plug it into the USB port of your working computer,
and you’ve got access to your files. Plus, you now have an external HDD with
great capacity.
Once you rescue your files, you may want to perform a full
format on the external HDD. This will help mark the damaged sections as
unusable in the file system. Because your drive will no longer write to those
sectors, you may get several months, even years, of service out of it.
Another method is to get a USB HDD adapter or a USB HDD
docking station. The adapter is a set of cables that you attach to the HDD and
sometimes a power source. Then you plug it in to a USB port and your computer
should pick it up like it is an external USB HDD.
It’s a bit sloppy because you’ll have two or three cables
strewn across the desk and the HDD just sitting exposed. But it does work. These
adapters sell for around $20.
The HDD docking station looks a little like a toaster. You insert
the HDD into it and then you plug it in for power and plug the USB port into
your computer. It should show up as an external USB HDD as well. Docks sell for
about $40.
Having used both, we recommend the HDD dock, especially if
you’re the unofficial IT person for friends and family. A good one can even be
used to clone hard drives while not connected to any computer.
What About Dead Solid State Drives?
Solid state drives (SSD) are, by nature, not easy to recover
files from. Typically, if the SSD doesn’t appear to be working, it won’t ever
work. Be prepared for that. Yet there is one thing you can try that might work.
It’s a slim chance, but still a chance. This method will only work if the
failure is due to power loss from a power outage in your area or something
similar.
Remove the data transfer cable from the SSD but leave the
power cable connected. If the cable to your SSD has the power and data
integrated, you’ll need to get a SATA power cable.
It might be possible to do with an external USB drive
enclosure if it has separate power and data cables. Connect the SATA power
cable to the appropriate spot on the SSD and to the host PCs power connection. Follow
the cable that’s was already connected to the SSD to find it where it should go.
Next, power the computer on and just let it sit for 20
minutes. Don’t do anything with the computer, just let it be.
Turn the computer completely off and disconnect the drive
for 30 seconds.
Connect the drive again, power on the computer again, and
wait another 20 minutes. Power off the computer and disconnect the power from
the SSD.
Reconnect the SSD with both the power and data cables just
like it was before we started this. Power on your computer. If all went well,
it should be working. If it is working, also update the firmware on your SSD to
make sure it’s working and not corrupted by the power outage.
If that doesn’t work, the only reliable way to get data from
a dead SSD is to contact a data recovery specialist and get out your wallet.
An Ounce of Prevention…
If you’re just reading this to learn something, the thing to
learn is backup, backup, backup. And then backup some more. With the pervasiveness
and relative affordability of cloud storage, and affordable external drives,
you should have all your files backed up to at least one, if not two, different
storage methods. Then you’ll never have to worry about going through this mess
of trying to recover data from a dead hard drive.
