您是否(Did)不小心修改或删除了Mac上的文件？(Mac)或者由于数据损坏问题，您是否打算重新安装 macOS？
如果您已经花时间在 Mac 上设置 Time Machine(set up Time Machine on Mac)，则不必担心。您不仅可以使用 Mac 的内置本地备份解决方案来检索丢失的数据，还可以回滚对文件和文档的更改。
你可以用时间机器做什么？
Time Machine是一种增量备份解决方案，可自动将 Mac 数据的最新副本保存在外部存储驱动器或NAS（网络附加存储(Network Attached Storage)）驱动器上。此外，它还拥有多个文件和文件夹的快照，如下所示：
- 过去 24 小时的每小时备份。
- 上个月的每日备份。
- 以前所有月份的每周备份。
因此，如果您对文件或文件夹进行了更改，您可以快速筛选您的Time Machine备份并轻松恢复预先修改的副本。这同样适用于您已永久删除并希望取回的项目。
(Time Machine)当备份驱动器空间不足时，Time Machine会删除较旧的快照。但是，如果与 Mac 的内部存储相比，它的容量更大，那么您很可能会在您第一次激活Time Machine时从很久以前检索数据。
除了恢复单个文件和文件夹外，如果您必须重新安装操作系统， Time Machine还可以让您恢复Mac上的所有数据。(Mac)您甚至可以在从头开始设置新Mac时使用(Mac)Time Machine 。
因此，在下面，您将弄清楚从Time Machine备份中恢复Mac所需的具体操作。(Mac)
(Restore Files)使用 Time Machine(Mac Using Time Machine)恢复Mac上的文件和文件夹(Folders)
如果您想恢复错误修改或删除的文件或文件夹的先前副本，Time Machine应该可以帮助您找回它。您还可以同时还原同一目录中的多个项目。
1. 打开Finder应用程序并导航到要回滚或检索的文件或文件夹的位置。
2. 选择Mac 菜单栏上的Time Machine图标，然后选择(Time Machine)Enter Time Machine选项。如果您没有看到它，请打开Launchpad并选择Other > Time Machine。
3. 使用Finder窗口堆栈右侧的向上(Up )和向下(Down )按钮浏览文件夹的先前快照。或者，您可以使用屏幕右边缘的时间线在可用备份之间切换。
4. 选择要恢复的文件或文件夹。如果您希望从同一个快照中恢复多个项目，请在选择它们 时按住Command键。(Command )
提示：(Tip:)您可以使用Quick Look（选择项目并按Space）在Time Machine中预览大多数文件格式。
5. 选择恢复(Restore)按钮。
6. 如果您要恢复修改过的项目，Time Machine应该会为您提供三个选项，如下所示：
保持原始：(Keep Original: )跳过恢复文件或文件夹。
保留两者：(Keep Both:) 保留(Keep)当前项目和恢复项目的副本。
替换：(Replace:)替换当前项目。
如果您要恢复已删除的文件或文件夹，Time Machine会在不提示您任何操作的情况下将其复制过来。
您已完成使用Time Machine恢复项目。对要恢复的任何其他文件或文件夹重复上述步骤。
使用 Time Machine(Mac Using Time Machine)恢复Mac上的所有数据(Data)
如果您遇到需要重新安装 Mac 系统软件(reinstall Mac’s system software)或为自己购买新Mac的问题，您可以使用Time Machine来恢复您的数据。
为此，您需要访问一个名为Migration Assistant的软件。您会在设置 macOS 时遇到它。但是，如果您已经完成此操作，则可以通过打开Launchpad并选择Other > Migration Assistant来调用它。
在屏幕上看到迁移助手(Migration Assistant)后，请执行以下步骤：
1.在Migration Assistant中选择(Migration Assistant)从 Mac、Time Machine 备份或启动磁盘(From a Mac, Time Machine backup or Startup disk)选项，然后选择继续(Continue)。
2. 选择您的Time Machine备份驱动器，然后选择继续(Continue)。如果您没有看到它，请确保它已物理连接到您的Mac。如果是NAS驱动器，请确认您的Mac已连接到同一网络。
3. 默认情况下，迁移助手会自动从您的(Migration Assistant)Time Machine备份驱动器中选择最新的快照。但是，您可以展开它以选择不同的快照。做出选择后选择继续。(Continue)
4. 从备份中选择要传输的数据类型，例如应用程序(Applications)文件夹、用户帐户文件夹、系统和网络相关信息等。
您还可以展开您的用户帐户并选择单个文件夹，例如Documents和Pictures。然后，选择继续(Continue)。
5. 如果您选择导入用户帐户，迁移助手(Migration Assistant)会提示您创建可用于登录的密码。
注意：(Note:)如果您在设置Mac后启动了(Mac)Migration Assistant，则必须在替换当前用户帐户和将其设置为单独帐户之间进行选择。
6. 等到Time Machine完成数据备份。迁移助手(Assistant)完成对您的数据的复制后，您将看到迁移完成(Migration Completed)屏幕- 选择完成(Done)退出迁移助手。
如果您只传输了部分文件和文件夹，您可以随时访问迁移助手(Migration Assistant)并在以后恢复其他数据。
回到未来
如您所见，Time Machine让您在(Time Machine)Mac上恢复文件和文档变得异常方便。但是最好为您的 macOS 设备创建额外的备份，以便您有更多的选择。
例如，使用磁盘工具创建磁盘映像(using Disk Utility to create disk images)或在 iCloud Drive 中设置和存储文件(setting up and storing files in iCloud Drive)可以帮助进一步保护您的数据。
How to Restore a Mac From Time Machine Backups
Did you modіfy or delete files on уour Mac by accident? Or do you plan on reinstalling macOS due to issues with data сorruption?
If you’ve already taken the time to set up Time Machine on Mac, you shouldn’t have to worry about that. Not only can you use Mac’s built-in local backup solution to retrieve lost data, but you also get to roll back changes to files and documents.
What Can You Do with Time Machine?
Time Machine is an incremental backup solution that automatically keeps up-to-date copies of your Mac’s data on an external storage drive or NAS (Network Attached Storage) drive. Furthermore, it holds multiple snapshots of files and folders as follows:
- Hourly backups for the last 24 hours.
- Daily backups for the last month.
- Weekly backups for all previous months.
So if you made changes to a file or folder, you can quickly sift through your Time Machine backups and restore a pre-modified copy without hassle. The same applies to items that you’ve permanently deleted and want to get back.
Time Machine does delete older snapshots when the backup drive starts running out of space. But if it’s a proportionately larger volume compared to your Mac’s internal storage, you can likely retrieve data from way back when you first activated Time Machine.
Aside from recovering individual files and folders, Time Machine also lets you restore all data on your Mac if you had to reinstall the operating system. You can even use Time Machine while setting up a new Mac from scratch.
So below, you’ll figure out what exactly you must do to restore a Mac from Time Machine backups.
Restore Files and Folders on Mac Using Time Machine
If you want to restore a previous copy of a file or folder that you mistakenly modified or deleted, Time Machine should help you retrieve it. You can also restore multiple items within the same directory simultaneously.
1. Open the Finder app and navigate to the location of the file or folder that you want to roll back or retrieve.
2. Select the Time Machine icon on Mac’s menu bar and pick the Enter Time Machine option. If you don’t see it, open the Launchpad and select Other > Time Machine.
3. Use the Up and Down buttons to the right of the stack of Finder windows to navigate through previous snapshots of the folder. Alternatively, you can use the timeline to the right edge of the screen to switch between available backups.
4. Select the file or folder you want to restore. If you wish to restore several items from the same snapshot, hold down the Command key as you select them.
Tip: You can preview most file formats in Time Machine by using Quick Look (select the item and press Space).
5. Select the Restore button.
6. If you’re restoring a modified item, Time Machine should present you with three options as follows:
Keep Original: Skip restoring the file or folder.
Keep Both: Keep copies of both the current and the restored item.
Replace: Replace the current item.
If you’re restoring a deleted file or folder, Time Machine shall copy it over without prompting you for anything.
You’ve finished restoring the items using Time Machine. Repeat the steps above for any other files or folders you want to recover.
Restore All Data on Mac Using Time Machine
If you run into an issue requiring you to reinstall Mac’s system software or get yourself a new Mac, you can use Time Machine to restore your data.
To do that, you need to access a piece of software called the Migration Assistant. You’ll come across it while setting up macOS. However, if you’ve already finished doing that, you can invoke it by opening Launchpad and selecting Other > Migration Assistant.
Once you see the Migration Assistant on the screen, go through the steps that follow:
1. Select the From a Mac, Time Machine backup or Startup disk option in Migration Assistant and select Continue.
2. Select your Time Machine backup drive and select Continue. If you don’t see it, make sure that it’s physically connected to your Mac. In the case of a NAS drive, confirm that your Mac is hooked up to the same network.
3. By default, Migration Assistant automatically selects the most recent snapshot from your Time Machine backup drive. However, you can expand it to pick a different snapshot. Select Continue after you’ve made your choice.
4. Pick the types of data you want to transfer from the backup, such as the Applications folder, user account folder, system and network-related information, etc.
You can also expand your user account and select individual folders—for example, Documents and Pictures. Then, select Continue.
5. If you choose to import a user account, Migration Assistant shall prompt you to create a password that you can use to sign into it.
Note: If you launched Migration Assistant after setting up your Mac, you must choose between replacing your current user account and setting it up as a separate account.
6. Wait until Time Machine finishes backing up your data. You’ll come across a Migration Completed screen once the Migration Assistant has completed copying over your data—select Done to exit Migration Assistant.
If you only made a partial transfer of your files and folders, you can always access the Migration Assistant and restore additional data at a later time.
Back to the Future
As you just saw, Time Machine makes it incredibly convenient to restore files and documents on a Mac. But it’s always best to create additional backups of your macOS device just so that you have more options going forward.
For example, using Disk Utility to create disk images or setting up and storing files in iCloud Drive can help further safeguard your data.
