微软^(Microsoft)宣布对Linux的热爱已经有一段时间了，起初，看到Windows 10拥抱Tux penguin感觉很奇怪。然而，Windows 10可以直接运行原生Linux应用程序，而无需借助虚拟机，这一事实证明了微软^(Microsoft)拥抱其他生态系统的新战略。我们生活在奇怪的时代，对吧？^(Strange)您是否希望看到Ubuntu、openSUSE、Fedora^(Were)等^(Fedora)在Windows 10中本地运行？以下是获取方法适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统 (WSL)^{(Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL))}以及如何在Windows 10中安装各种^{(Windows 10)}Linux发行版：

注意：^(NOTE:)提供的所有功能在Windows 10 版本 1903^{(Version 1903)}（2019 年 5 月^{(May 2019)} 更新^(Update)）或更高版本中可用。如果您使用的是旧版本的Windows 10，您可能无法访问所有功能。检查您的Windows 10版本，并在必要时获取适用于您的最新Windows 10更新。

如何使用Windows功能安装适用于Linux的^(Linux)Windows 子系统^{(Windows Subsystem)}

在能够在 Windows 10 PC 上安装任何Linux 发行版^{(Linux distribution)}之前，您必须安装Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)。如果您更喜欢单击运行命令，最简单的方法是使用Windows 功能^{(Windows Features)}。

在任务栏的搜索字段^{(search field)}中，键入“功能”^("features")，然后单击或点击“打开或关闭 Windows 功能”。^{("Turn Windows features on or off.")}或者，如果您更喜欢旧版控制面板^{(Control Panel)}，您也可以按照此处说明的步骤操作：如何添加或删除（不需要的）Windows功能、程序或应用程序。

在Windows 功能^{(Windows Features)}窗口中，向下滚动选项列表，然后检查名为“Windows 子系统 for Linux”的功能。^{("Windows Subsystem for Linux.")}然后单击或点击确定^(OK)。

稍等片刻，让Windows 10应用必要的更改。

更改完成后，Windows 10 会告知您必须重新启动计算机或设备^{(computer or device)}才能完成安装。

^{(Restart now)}如果您在 Windows 10计算机或设备^{(computer or device)}上仍有工作要做，请立即重新启动或选择稍后重新启动。

如何使用Powershell为Linux安装^(Linux)Windows 子系统^{(Windows Subsystem)}

PowerShell提供了一种更快的方式来安装适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统 (WSL)^{(Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL))}。以管理员身份打开 Powershell^{(Open Powershell)}并输入^{(administrator and enter)}以下命令：Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux。按键盘上的Enter键运行命令。

片刻之后，Windows 10 完成安装WSL（适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统）^{(WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux))}。完成后，它应该要求您重新启动计算机。如果您想现在执行此操作，请输入 Y，如果您想^(Y)稍后重新启动，请输入N。

重新启动后，Windows 10 将完成安装适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统 (WSL)^{(Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL))}。接下来，您可以下载并安装任何可用的Linux发行版。

如何从Microsoft Store在^{(Microsoft Store)}Windows 10上下载和安装^{(Windows 10)}Linux发行版

无论您选择如何安装适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统 (WSL)^{(Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL))}，您现在都可以继续安装可用的Linux发行版之一。对于那些喜欢点击和点击的人来说，安装Linux 发行版^{(Linux distro)}的最简单方法是从Microsoft Store进行安装。打开它并搜索“linux”，或单击/点击此直接链接^{(direct link)}以查看您可以获得哪些Linux发行版。^(Linux)

当我们发布本教程时，这是 Windows 10 上可用的Linux发行版列表：Ubuntu、openSUSE、Kali Linux、Debian、Fedora、Pengwin、Alpine和SUSE Linux Enterprise Server。

选择您想要的Linux 发行版^{(Linux distro)}，单击或点击它，然后按“安装^(Install)”按钮。

根据Linux 发行版^{(Linux distro)}的大小以及 Internet 连接的速度，可能需要一段时间才能完成下载。下载结束后，Windows 10 会自动安装Linux 发行版^{(Linux distribution)}。

安装完成后，您可以通过单击Microsoft Store页面上的^{(Microsoft Store)}Launch按钮来启动新的Linux 发行版^{(Linux distribution)}。

或者，Windows 10 还在“开始”菜单^{(Start Menu)}中为Linux 发行版创建了一个^{(Linux distribution)}方便的快捷方式^{(convenient shortcut)}，您可以随时使用它来启动它。

如何在Windows 10上从PowerShell下载和安装^(PowerShell)Linux发行版

如果您是命令行爱好者，您还可以直接从PowerShell下载和安装^(PowerShell)Linux发行版。以管理员身份打开 Powershell^{(Open Powershell)}并运行以下命令之一，具体取决于您想要的Linux发行版：

• Ubuntu 18.04：Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://aka.ms/wsl-ubuntu-1804 -OutFile "$HomeDownloadsUbuntu1804.appx" -UseBasicParsing
• Ubuntu 18.04 ARM：Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://aka.ms/wsl-ubuntu-1804-arm -OutFile "$HomeDownloadsUbuntu1804ARM.appx" -UseBasicParsing
• Ubuntu 16.04：Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://aka.ms/wsl-ubuntu-1604 -OutFile "$HomeDownloadsUbuntu1604.appx" -UseBasicParsing
• Debian GNU/Linux：Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://aka.ms/wsl-debian-gnulinux -OutFile "$HomeDownloadsDebian.appx" -UseBasicParsing
• Kali Linux：Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://aka.ms/wsl-kali-linux-new -OutFile "$HomeDownloadsKali.appx" -UseBasicParsing
• OpenSUSE Leap 42：Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://aka.ms/wsl-opensuse-42 -OutFile "$HomeDownloadsOpenSUSE.appx" -UseBasicParsing
• SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12：Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://aka.ms/wsl-sles-12 -OutFile "$HomeDownloadsSUSELinuxEnterprise.appx" -UseBasicParsing
• 用于 WSL 的 Fedora Remix^{(Fedora Remix for WSL)}：Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://github.com/WhitewaterFoundry/Fedora-Remix-for-WSL/releases/download/1.30.1/DistroLauncher-Appx_1.30.1.0_x64.appx -OutFile "$HomeDownloadsFedoraRemix.appx" -UseBasicParsing

按键盘^{(keyboard and wait)}上的Enter并等待Linux 分发^{(Linux distribution)}包下载。所选发行版将保存在您的下载^(Downloads)文件夹中。但是，如果您更喜欢其他位置，请将您正在运行的命令中的$HomeDownloads

等到^(Wait)您的Linux 发行版^{(Linux distribution)}下载完毕。完成后，运行以下命令之一，具体取决于您选择在 Windows 10 PC 上安装的Linux 发行版：^{(Linux distro)}

• Ubuntu 18.04：Add-AppxPackage -Path "$HomeDownloadsUbuntu1804.appx"
• Ubuntu 18.04 ARM：IAdd-AppxPackage -Path "$HomeDownloadsUbuntu1804ARM.appx"
• Ubuntu 16.04：Add-AppxPackage -Path "$HomeDownloadsUbuntu1604.appx"
• Debian GNU/Linux：Add-AppxPackage -Path "$HomeDownloadsDebian.appx"
• Kali Linux : Add-AppxPackage -Path "$HomeDownloadsKali.appx"
• OpenSUSE Leap 42：Add-AppxPackage -Path "$HomeDownloadsOpenSUSE.appx"
• SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12：Add-AppxPackage -Path "$HomeDownloadsSUSELinuxEnterprise.appx"
• 用于 WSL 的 Fedora Remix^{(Fedora Remix for WSL)}：Add-AppxPackage -Path "$HomeDownloadsFedoraRemix.appx"

安装完成后，您可以在开始菜单中找到^{(Start Menu)}Linux 发行版^{(Linux distribution)}的便捷快捷方式。运行它并享受它！

这就是全部了！现在您可以开始在 Windows 10 PC 上玩Linux ！🙂

结论

在Windows 10上启用适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统 (WSL)^{(Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL))}并不难。但是，从Windows 10使用^{(Windows 10)}Linux可能并不适合所有人。如果您是一名开发人员，如果您喜欢在文本环境^{(text environment)}中运行命令，或者如果您有一些使用Linux的经验，那么您可能会对Windows 10^{(love Windows 10)}现在向Linux用户展示的爱感到非常兴奋。

How do I get the Windows Subsystem for Linux?

It's been a while since Microsoft declared its lovе for Linux, and, at first, it felt strange to sеe Windows 10 embrace the Tux pengυin. Howeνer, the fact that Windows 10 сan run natіve Linux applications direсtly, without having to resort to using virtual machines, is proof of Microsoft's new strategy of embracing other ecosystems. Strange times we're liνing in, right? Were you expectіng to see Ubυntυ, oрenSUSE, Fedora, and the likes, rυnning natively in Windows 10? Here's how to get Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) and how to install various Linux distributions in Windows 10:

NOTE: All the features presented are available in Windows 10 Version 1903 (May 2019 Update) or newer. If you're using an older version of Windows 10, you might not have access to all the features. Check your Windows 10 build and, if necessary, get the latest Windows 10 update available for you.

How to install the Windows Subsystem for Linux, using Windows Features

Prior to being able to install any Linux distribution on your Windows 10 PC, you have to install the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL). If you prefer clicks to run commands, the easiest way to do it is from the Windows Features.

On the search field from your taskbar, type "features" and click or tap on "Turn Windows features on or off." Alternatively, if you prefer the old Control Panel, you can also follow the steps explained here: How to add or remove (un)wanted Windows features, programs or apps.

In the Windows Features window, scroll down the list of options, and check the feature called "Windows Subsystem for Linux." Then click or tap OK.

Wait a few moments for Windows 10 to apply the necessary changes.

When the changes are done, Windows 10 lets you know that you have to reboot your computer or device to finish installing.

Restart now or choose to restart later if you still have work to do on your Windows 10 computer or device.

How to install the Windows Subsystem for Linux, using Powershell

PowerShell offers an even faster way of installing the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL). Open Powershell as administrator and enter this command: Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux. Press Enter on your keyboard to run the command.

After a short while, Windows 10 finishes installing the WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux). When it's done, it should ask you to restart your computer. Type Y if you want to do it now, or N if you want to reboot later.

After you restart, Windows 10 finishes installing the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL). Next, you can download and install any of the available Linux distributions.

How to download and install Linux distributions on Windows 10, from Microsoft Store

Regardless of how you chose to install the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL), you can now go ahead and install one of the available Linux distributions. For those who prefer clicks and taps, the easiest way to install a Linux distro is to do it from the Microsoft Store. Open it and search for "linux," or click/tap on this direct link to see what Linux distributions you can get.

When we published this tutorial, this was the list of Linux distros available on Windows 10: Ubuntu, openSUSE, Kali Linux, Debian, Fedora, Pengwin, Alpine, and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server.

Choose the Linux distro that you want, click or tap on it, and then press the Install button.

Depending on how large the Linux distro is, and on how fast your internet connection is, it can take a while to finish downloading it. When the download is over, Windows 10 installs the Linux distribution automatically.

When the installation is done, you can start your new Linux distribution by clicking on the Launch button from its page on the Microsoft Store.

Alternatively, Windows 10 also creates a convenient shortcut for the Linux distribution in your Start Menu, which you can use to start it whenever you want.

How to download and install Linux distributions on Windows 10, from PowerShell

If you're a command-line aficionado, you can also download and install Linux distros directly from PowerShell. Open Powershell as administrator and run one of the following commands, depending on what Linux distro you want:

• Ubuntu 18.04: Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://aka.ms/wsl-ubuntu-1804 -OutFile "$HomeDownloadsUbuntu1804.appx" -UseBasicParsing
• Ubuntu 18.04 ARM: Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://aka.ms/wsl-ubuntu-1804-arm -OutFile "$HomeDownloadsUbuntu1804ARM.appx" -UseBasicParsing
• Ubuntu 16.04: Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://aka.ms/wsl-ubuntu-1604 -OutFile "$HomeDownloadsUbuntu1604.appx" -UseBasicParsing
• Debian GNU/Linux: Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://aka.ms/wsl-debian-gnulinux -OutFile "$HomeDownloadsDebian.appx" -UseBasicParsing
• Kali Linux: Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://aka.ms/wsl-kali-linux-new -OutFile "$HomeDownloadsKali.appx" -UseBasicParsing
• OpenSUSE Leap 42: Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://aka.ms/wsl-opensuse-42 -OutFile "$HomeDownloadsOpenSUSE.appx" -UseBasicParsing
• SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12: Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://aka.ms/wsl-sles-12 -OutFile "$HomeDownloadsSUSELinuxEnterprise.appx" -UseBasicParsing
• Fedora Remix for WSL: Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://github.com/WhitewaterFoundry/Fedora-Remix-for-WSL/releases/download/1.30.1/DistroLauncher-Appx_1.30.1.0_x64.appx -OutFile "$HomeDownloadsFedoraRemix.appx" -UseBasicParsing

Press Enter on your keyboard and wait for the Linux distribution package to download. The chosen distribution is going to be saved in your Downloads folder. However, if you prefer another location, replace the $HomeDownloads string from the command that you're running, with the folder you prefer.

Wait until your Linux distribution is downloaded. When it's done, run one of the following commands, depending on which Linux distro you chose to install on your Windows 10 PC:

• Ubuntu 18.04: Add-AppxPackage -Path "$HomeDownloadsUbuntu1804.appx"
• Ubuntu 18.04 ARM: IAdd-AppxPackage -Path "$HomeDownloadsUbuntu1804ARM.appx"
• Ubuntu 16.04: Add-AppxPackage -Path "$HomeDownloadsUbuntu1604.appx"
• Debian GNU/Linux: Add-AppxPackage -Path "$HomeDownloadsDebian.appx"
• Kali Linux: Add-AppxPackage -Path "$HomeDownloadsKali.appx"
• OpenSUSE Leap 42: Add-AppxPackage -Path "$HomeDownloadsOpenSUSE.appx"
• SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12: Add-AppxPackage -Path "$HomeDownloadsSUSELinuxEnterprise.appx"
• Fedora Remix for WSL: Add-AppxPackage -Path "$HomeDownloadsFedoraRemix.appx"

Once the installation is done, you can find convenient shortcuts to your Linux distribution, in the Start Menu. Run it and enjoy it!

That was all! Now you can start playing with Linux on your Windows 10 PC! 🙂

Conclusion

Enabling the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on Windows 10 is not hard. However, working with Linux from Windows 10 might be something that's not quite for everybody. If you are a developer, if you love running commands in a text environment, or if you have some experience in working with Linux, then you'll probably be very excited with the love Windows 10 is now showing to Linux users.

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