您的计算机有许多组件和软件，随着时间的推移，这些组件和软件可能会因使用、软件错误、过时的驱动程序等而受到负面影响。这就是为什么定期监控和关注计算机的整体健康状况是明智之举。
在本文中，您将了解Windows提供的用于创建计算机健康报告的各种实用程序。我们还将提供解决这些报告中出现的最常见问题的方法。
使用PC健康检查工具
Windows 11 附带一个名为 PC Health Check(Health Check)的内置工具，可提供诸如操作系统是否完全更新、计算机有多少可用存储空间、笔记本电脑的电池寿命以及影响启动时间的常见问题等信息。
要查看您的系统上是否已安装PC Health Check ，请选择“(PC Health Check)开始(Start)”菜单并键入“ PC Health Check ”。选择“打开”(Select Open)以打开该应用程序。
这将打开电脑运行状况检查(Health Check)应用程序，或者它会自动为您下载并安装该应用程序。
一旦启动，您将看到每个主要系统都在右侧窗格中勾选了自己的框。如果存在严重问题，您会在该框中看到三角形内的问号作为警告图标。
PC运行状况检查(Health Check)甚至可以显示电池容量随时间推移而下降的程度。当您需要更换电池（或者始终保持笔记本电脑接通电源）时，这可能是一个很好的指示。
您可以使用每个框右侧的下拉图标来查看解决或改进问题的建议和提示。
例如，如果您的存储容量较低，您将看到一个链接，可直接转到用于管理存储设置的
Windows实用程序。(Windows)
(Check PC Health)使用Windows 安全(Windows Security)检查 PC 运行状况
Windows Security是另一个Windows实用程序，可以让您全面了解 PC 的运行状况。它提供了 PC运行状况检查(Health Check)所提供的大部分信息，而且还提供了更多信息。
要启动Window Security，请选择Windows 开始(Windows Start)菜单并键入“Windows Security”。然后，选择“打开”(Open)以打开该应用程序。
当应用程序打开时，您将看到一份运行状况报告，突出显示没有问题的区域并带有绿色复选标记，而存在问题的区域则带有三角形内的感叹号。
该应用程序会查找以下问题：
- 存储容量极低
- 您的 Windows 帐户有问题
- 防火墙或网络问题
- (Security)内存等(like memory)系统设备的安全问题
- 系统整体性能
- 微软(Microsoft)家庭帐户管理
您可以选择任何有问题的区域来查看提示和工具链接，这些工具将向您显示用于故障排除的更多详细信息。在主屏幕上，您还可能会看到用于访问相应Windows(Windows)设置工具的链接。
您还可以选择任何带有绿色复选标记的项目以查看更多详细信息。
例如，如果您选择病毒(Virus)和威胁防护，您将看到一个页面，其中显示上次扫描以及扫描花费的时间。您还将看到病毒和勒索软件等的扫描状态。
请记住，绿色复选标记并不意味着该区域内的所有项目都完全正常。这只是意味着大多数问题都没有问题，并且没有任何需要您关注的关键问题。但是，您可能会看到一些小问题以及如何解决这些问题的提示。
(Check PC Health)使用性能监视器(Performance Monitor)检查电脑运行状况
性能监视器作为Windows PC(Windows PCs)上可用的诊断工具(diagnostic tool)已经有一段时间了。不幸的是，没有多少人知道如何使用它。
值得庆幸的是，检查性能监视器(Performance Monitor)是否存在 PC 健康问题相当容易，因为它附带内置报告，可为您提供有关系统磁盘、内存、设备等健康状况的信息。
要启动性能监视器(Performance Monitor)，请选择Windows 开始(Windows Start)菜单并键入“性能监视器(Performance Monitor)”。然后，选择性能监视器应用程序(Performance Monitor App)以打开该应用程序。
可用于系统健康状况的两个报告是“系统(System) 诊断”(Diagnostics)和“系统性能”(System Performance)。您需要在性能监视器(Performance Monitor)中生成每个报告才能查看您的电脑运行状况详细信息。
- 在左侧窗格中选择“数据收集器集”(Select Data Collector Sets)，然后选择“系统”(System)。
- 右键单击“系统(System) 诊断”(Diagnostics)并选择“开始”(Start)。对系统性能(System Performance)也重复此操作。
等待大约一两分钟，两个报告都会生成。当它们准备好后，您可以在性能监视器(Performance Monitor)的报告(Reports)部分中访问它们。
注意：当右窗格中每个报告的状态再次变为“已停止”时，报告已准备就绪。
从左侧菜单中选择“报告”，然后选择“系统”(System)。选择(Select one)其中一份报告，然后双击报告标题（标题中通常包含您的计算机名称）。
打开报告后，您将看到大量详细信息。最容易分析的是系统(System)诊断(Diagnostics)报告中的基本系统检查(Basic System Checks)和资源概述(Resource Overview)。那是因为它们有指示灯来突出显示任何问题。
两份报告中的其余信息确实需要对系统分析有深入的了解。您可以在有关使用性能监视器提高系统性能的(using performance monitor to improve system performance)文章中了解有关如何执行此操作的更多信息。
使用睡眠研究(Sleep Study)来检查电池健康状况(Battery Health)
对于任何具有睡眠状态功能的笔记本电脑，Windows提供了一个命令行实用程序(command-line utility)，您可以使用它来分析已安装电池的当前运行状况。
运行状况报告包含有关所有使用电池电源的设备及其能耗模式的信息。它还显示您当前的电池从完全放电（耗尽）到完全充电的次数。这些被称为电池循环。
1.按“开始(Start)”并在搜索字段中键入“命令提示符(Command Prompt)”，打开提升的命令提示符。(Command Prompt)在命令提示符(Command Prompt)窗口中，选择以管理员身份运行(Run)。
2. 要使用该实用程序，请在命令提示符窗口中键入以下内容：
Powercfg /SleepStudy /output % USERPROFILE %Desktop ullsleepstudy.html
等待大约 30 秒，这将在桌面上输出一个名为“fullsleepstudy.html”的文件。只需双击该文件即可使用默认 Web 浏览器将其打开。
此报告将显示一个图表，其中包含电池消耗和充电的历史记录、包含电池使用时间的会话信息以及消耗电池电量最多的顶级设备或应用程序。
根据您使用计算机的方式，这些顶级电池用户可能并不令人意外。
默认报告提供三天的电池使用历史记录。要扩展此功能，只需在命令后添加“/duration”参数即可：
Powercfg /SleepStudy /output % USERPROFILE %Desktop ullsleepstudy.html /duration DAYS
将“DAYS”替换为最大 28 的任意数值。
检查计算机的运行状况
上面列出的所有工具都非常适合您的计算机或计算机的某些组件表现异常的情况。这些工具中提供的报告或信息将为您提供追踪问题根源所需的线索。
如果您特别遇到硬盘问题，请务必查看我们有关检查和修复硬盘问题的完整指南(full guide on checking and fixing hard drive issues)。
How to Check the Full Health of Your Windows PC or Laptop
Your computer has lots of components and software that, over time, can become negatively affected by use, sоftware bugs, outdated drivers, and more. That’s why it’s smart to regularly monitor and attend to your computer’s overall health.
In this article, you’ll learn about the various utilities offered by Windows to create computer health reports. We’ll also include ways to fix the most common issues that these reports turn up.
Use the PC Health Check Tool
Windows 11 comes with a built-in tool called PC Health Check that provides information such as whether your OS is fully updated, how much storage your computer has available, your laptop’s battery life, and common issues affecting startup time.
To see if PC Health Check is already installed on your system, select the Start menu and type “PC Health Check”. Select Open to open the app.
This will either open the PC Health Check app, or it’ll automatically download and install the app for you.
Once it launches, you’ll see each major system check in its own box in the right pane. If there are critical issues, you’ll see a question mark inside a triangle as a warning icon in that box.
PC Health Check even shows you how much your battery capacity has degraded over time. This can be a good indicator when you need to replace your battery (or else always keep your laptop plugged in).
You can use the dropdown icon at the right side of each box to see suggestions and tips for resolving or improving the issue.
For example, if your storage capacity is low, you’ll see a link to go directly to the Windows utility for managing your storage settings.
Check PC Health with Windows Security
Windows Security is another Windows utility that will give you a good snapshot of your PC’s health. It provides much of the information that PC Health Check does, but also more.
To launch Window Security, select the Windows Start menu and type “Windows Security”. Then, select Open to open the app.
When the app opens, you’ll see a health report highlighting areas that don’t have issues with a green checkmark, and areas that have issues with an exclamation mark inside a triangle.
This app looks for issues such as:
- Critically low storage capacity
- Issues with your Windows account
- Firewall or network problems
- Security issues with system devices like memory
- Overall system performance
- Microsoft family account management
You can select any of the areas that have issues to see tips and links to tools that’ll show you more details for troubleshooting purposes. On the main screen you may also see a link to access the appropriate Windows settings tool as well.
You can also select any of the items with a green checkmark to see more details.
For example, if you select Virus & threat protection, you’ll see a page that shows you the last scan and how long the scan took. You’ll also see the scan status for things like viruses and ransomware.
Keep in mind that a green checkmark doesn’t mean all items inside that area are fully okay. It just means that most issues are okay, and there are no critical issues that you need to be concerned about. However, you may see minor issues and tips on how to resolve them.
Check PC Health with Performance Monitor
Performance Monitor has been a diagnostic tool available on Windows PCs for quite some time. Unfortunately, not a lot of people know how to use it.
Thankfully, checking Performance Monitor for PC health issues is fairly easy, since it comes with built-in reports that will give you information about the health of your system disk, memory, devices and more.
To launch Performance Monitor, select the Windows Start menu and type “Performance Monitor”. Then, select Performance Monitor App to open the app.
The two reports that are available for system health are System Diagnostics and System Performance. You’ll need to generate each report in the Performance Monitor to see your PC health details.
- Select Data Collector Sets in the left pane, and then select System.
- Right-click System Diagnostics and select Start. Repeat this for System Performance as well.
Wait about a minute or two for both reports to generate. When they’re ready, you can access them in the Reports section of the Performance Monitor.
Note: When the status of each report in the right pane is “Stopped” again, the reports are ready.
Select Reports from the left menu and select System. Select one of the reports, and then double-click the report title (typically contains your computer name in the title).
When the report opens, you’ll see a great deal of details. The easiest to analyze are the Basic System Checks and Resource Overview in the System Diagnostics report. That’s because those have indicator lights highlighting any issues.
The rest of the information throughout both reports do require an advanced level of understanding about system analytics. You can learn more about how to do this in our article about using performance monitor to improve system performance.
Use a Sleep Study to Check Battery Health
For any laptop that features a sleep state feature, Windows provides a command-line utility you can use to analyze the current health of your installed battery.
The health report includes information about all devices that use battery power, and their energy consumption patterns. It also reveals how many times your current battery has gone from fully discharged (dead) to fully charged. These are known as battery cycles.
1. Open the elevated Command Prompt by pressing Start and typing “Command Prompt” in the search field. In the Command Prompt window, select Run as administrator.
2. To use the utility, type the following into the command prompt window:
Powercfg /SleepStudy /output %USERPROFILE%\Desktop\fullsleepstudy.html
Wait about 30 seconds and this will output a file called “fullsleepstudy.html” onto your desktop. Just double-click the file to open it using your default web browser.
This report will show a chart with the history of battery drain and recharge, session information with battery usage time, and the top devices or apps that drain the most battery power.
Depending on how you’ve used your computer, these top battery users may not come as a surprise.
The default report provides three days worth of battery usage history. To extend this, just add the “/duration” parameter after the command:
Powercfg /SleepStudy /output %USERPROFILE%\Desktop\fullsleepstudy.html /duration DAYS
Replace “DAYS” with any numeric value up to a maximum of 28.
Checking Your Computer’s Health
All of the tools listed above are ideal for those situations where your computer or certain components of your computer are behaving oddly. The reports or information available in these tools will provide you with the clues you need to track down the source of the problem.
If you’re experiencing hard drive issues specifically, make sure to check out our full guide on checking and fixing hard drive issues.
