当您继续在Mac上使用 macOS 12 Monterey时，您可能会遇到需要将系统软件重置为出厂默认设置的情况。无论是销售 macOS 设备、解决持续存在的问题，还是从新开始，本教程都将帮助您完成工作。
但是，在开始之前，我们建议您使用 Time Machine 备份您的数据(backing up your data using Time Machine)。这有助于您稍后将数据快速恢复到相同或不同的Mac 。如果您使用任何其他基于云的备份或本地备份，请仔细检查一切是否正常，以避免数据丢失。
使用(Use)macOS Monterey 的擦除助手(Erase Assistant)
macOS Monterey配备了擦除助手——(Erase Assistant—for)这是任何 macOS 版本中的第一次——它允许您直接在操作系统本身内将所有设置重置为出厂默认设置。它与iOS 和 iPadOS 上的擦除助手(Erase Assistant on iOS and iPadOS)非常相似。
但是，该功能仅在您的Mac在Apple Silicon 芯片(Apple Silicon chip)（例如 M1）上运行或包含Apple T2 安全芯片(Apple T2 Security Chip)时可用。如果您使用没有 T2 芯片的Intel Mac，请跳到下一部分。
1.在您的Mac上打开(Mac)系统偏好设置(System Preferences)应用程序。如果Dock上没有它，请打开Apple菜单并选择System Preferences。
2.在菜单栏上选择系统偏好设置(System Preferences)>删除所有内容和设置。(Erase All Content and Settings)
3. 输入您的管理员密码并选择确定(OK)。
注意(Note)：如果您拥有非管理员帐户，则无法使用擦除助手(Erase Assistant)将 macOS Monterey重置为出厂默认设置。您可能应该寻求管理员的帮助。
4. 如果您在Mac上设置了Time Machine，系统会提示您进行全新备份。选择打开 Time Machine(Open Time Machine)并启动Time Machine备份。然后，选择继续(Continue)。
5.查看(Review)您的Mac将删除的设置。这包括您的Apple ID、Touch ID指纹、蓝牙(Bluetooth)配件、查找我的 Mac(Find My Mac)等。如果您的Mac有多个用户帐户，您也会在屏幕中找到它们。完成后，选择继续(Continue)。
6. 如果您使用Apple ID登录(Apple ID)Mac，请输入其密码以停用激活锁(Activation Lock)。然后，选择继续(Continue)。
7. 选择删除所有内容和设置(Erase All Content and Settings)。如果您改变主意，这是取消和退出擦除助手(Erase Assistant)的最后机会！
8.等到(Wait)擦除助手(Erase Assistant)完成将您的 Mac 恢复到出厂(Mac)设置。与此同时，您的Mac将重新启动，您会看到一个Apple标志，其下方有一个进度条。
9. 重置程序后，Erase Assistant将提示您重新激活您的Mac。为此，请将您的设备连接到以太网(Ethernet)连接。或者，选择屏幕右上角的Wi-Fi图标并加入可用的 Wi-Fi 网络。(Wi-Fi )一旦您看到您的 Mac 已激活(Your Mac is activated)消息在屏幕上闪烁，请选择重新启动(Restart)。
10.在Hello屏幕上选择Get Started 。这将启动设置助手(Setup Assistant)。如果您打算出售您的Mac，请按Command + Q并关闭您的Mac。或者，通过设置助手(Setup Assistant)从头开始设置您的Mac 。
如果您选择设置Mac，您可以选择通过Time Machine备份恢复Mac的数据。(Mac)如果需要，您可以跳过该步骤，稍后使用迁移助手(Migration Assistant)恢复所有内容。有关全面的分步说明，请查看我们的使用 Time Machine 恢复 Mac(restoring a Mac using Time Machine)的指南。
(Erase)通过 macOS 恢复功能擦除并重新安装(Reinstall)
如果您使用没有Apple T2 安全芯片的(Apple T2 Security Chip)Intel Mac，您必须进入并使用 macOS 恢复功能将您的(enter and use macOS Recovery)Mac重置为出厂默认设置。该过程包括擦除启动盘和重新安装系统软件(reinstalling the system software)。不用担心，您不需要任何外部 macOS 安装媒体。
退出 iMessage 和 iCloud(Sign Out of iMessage and iCloud)
如果您打算出售或赠送您的Mac，您可能需要花几分钟时间退出 iMessage 信息和 iCloud。这样可以最大限度地减少在您拥有的其他Apple设备上使用您的Apple ID时遇到与帐户相关的问题的机会。
iMessage：打开消息应用程序并在菜单栏上选择消息(Messages)>首选项。(Preferences)然后，切换到iMessage选项卡并选择注销(Sign Out)。
iCloud：打开Apple菜单并选择系统偏好设置(System Preferences)> Apple ID。然后，切换到iCloud侧选项卡并选择注销( Sign Out)。
进入 macOS 恢复(Enter macOS Recovery)
macOS恢复是(Recovery)Mac上的特殊恢复环境。您可以在使用特定组合键启动Mac时访问它。(Mac)
1. 关闭你的 Mac。
2. 按住Command + R键并按下电源(Power)按钮将其重新打开。
3. 看到Apple标志后松开按键。您的Mac将立即进入 macOS恢复(Recovery)。
在 macOS 恢复中擦除 Mac(Erase Mac in macOS Recovery)
您必须使用macOS恢复中的“(Recovery)磁盘工具(Disk Utility)”应用程序来抹掉您的Mac。
1.在 macOS恢复(Recovery)菜单上选择磁盘工具。(Disk Utility)然后，选择继续(Continue)。
2. 在侧边栏选择Macintosh HD。然后，选择屏幕左上角的擦除按钮。(Erase)
4. 将名称(Name)设置为Macintosh HD并将格式(Format)设置为APFS。接下来，选择擦除(Erase)以擦除您的 Mac。如果您看到Erase Volume Group按钮，请选择它。
5. 选择完成(Done)。然后，您必须通过选择菜单栏上的磁盘实用程序(Disk Utility)>退出磁盘实用程序(Exit Disk Utility)来退出磁盘实用程序。(Disk Utility)
重新安装 macOS Monterey(Reinstall macOS Monterey)
现在您已经抹掉了Mac，是时候重新安装 macOS Monterey了。
1.在 macOS恢复(Recovery)菜单上选择重新安装 macOS Monterey 。(Reinstall macOS Monterey )然后，选择继续(Continue)。
2. 选择继续(Continue)并同意许可条款。然后，选择Macintosh HD作为目标磁盘。
3.等到(Wait)您的Mac完成安装 macOS Monterey。这可能需要一个小时或更长时间。
4.设置(Setup)助手出现后，如果您打算出售或赠送Mac，请按Command + Q并关闭Mac 。
如果没有，请通过设置助理(Setup Assistant)重新设置您的Mac以供个人使用。您可以选择在设置阶段或之后通过迁移助手使用(Migration Assistant)Time Machine备份来恢复数据。
使用“查找我的”擦除 Mac
另一种方法是在您拥有的另一部 iPhone、iPad 或Mac上使用“(Mac)查找”应用程序将 macOS (Find My)Monterey重置为出厂默认设置。这适用于任何与Monterey兼容的MacBook Pro、MacBook Air、i Mac或Mac mini。如果您不在Mac附近，最好使用它。
1.在您的 iPhone、iPad 或Mac上打开“查找”(Find My)应用程序。或者，在任何网络浏览器上登录iCloud.com并选择“查找”(Find My)。
2. 选择设备(Devices)并选择您的 Mac。
3. 选择擦除设备(Erase Device)，然后选择继续(Continue)擦除Mac。如果Mac处于脱机状态，它将在下次重新联机时开始自行擦除。
如果您出售或赠送了Apple Silicon Mac或内置Apple T2 安全芯片的(Apple T2 Security Chip)Mac，您还必须选择移除设备(Remove Device)选项以移除激活锁(Activation Lock)。这是允许新所有者设置和使用设备的唯一方法。
macOS Monterey 重置(Monterey Reset)为出厂默认设置(Factory Defaults)
多亏了擦除助手(Erase Assistant)，假设您使用的是内置Apple Silicon或 T2 芯片的较新Mac，将Mac重置为出厂默认设置非常容易。如果没有，您必须求助于使用 macOS恢复(Recovery)（看起来很复杂，但并不是那么难）。如果您的Mac不在您的手中，您还可以选择使用“查找” 。(Find My)
How to Reset macOS Monterey to Factory Default Settings
As you keеp using macOS 12 Monterey on your Mac, yоu may encounter inѕtances that warrant resetting the syѕtеm software to factory default. Whеther that’s to sell the macOS device, troubleshoot a persistent issuе, or just start wіth a fresh slate, this tutorial will help yoυ get the job done.
However, before you begin, we recommend backing up your data using Time Machine. That helps you quickly restore your data to the same or a different Mac later. If you use any other cloud-based or local backup, double-check that everything’s up to scratch to avoid data loss.
Use macOS Monterey’s Erase Assistant
macOS Monterey comes with an Erase Assistant—for the first time in any macOS release—that lets you reset all settings to factory defaults right from within the operating system itself. It closely resembles the Erase Assistant on iOS and iPadOS.
However, the feature is only available if your Mac runs on an Apple Silicon chip (such as the M1) or contains an Apple T2 Security Chip. If you use an Intel Mac without a T2 chip, skip to the next section.
1. Open the System Preferences app on your Mac. If it’s not present on the Dock, open the Apple menu and select System Preferences.
2. Select System Preferences > Erase All Content and Settings on the menu bar.
3. Type your administrator password and select OK.
Note: If you have a non-administrator account, you can’t use the Erase Assistant to reset macOS Monterey to factory default settings. You should probably seek help from an administrator instead.
4. If you’ve set up Time Machine on your Mac, you’ll be prompted to take a fresh backup. Select Open Time Machine and initiate the Time Machine backup. Then, select Continue.
5. Review the settings that your Mac will remove. This includes your Apple ID, Touch ID fingerprints, Bluetooth accessories, Find My Mac, etc. If your Mac has multiple users accounts, you will find them listed within the screen as well. Once you’re done, select Continue.
6. If you’ve signed into your Mac with an Apple ID, enter its password to deactivate Activation Lock. Then, select Continue.
7. Select Erase All Content and Settings. If you’ve changed your mind, this is the last opportunity to cancel and quit the Erase Assistant!
8. Wait until the Erase Assistant finishes restoring your Mac to factory settings. Your Mac will restart in the meantime, and you’ll see an Apple logo with a progress bar underneath it.
9. After the reset procedure, Erase Assistant will prompt you to reactivate your Mac. To do that, connect your device to an Ethernet connection. Or, select the Wi-Fi icon at the top-right corner of the screen and join an available Wi-Fi network. Once you see the Your Mac is activated message flash up on the screen, select Restart.
10. Select Get Started on the Hello screen. That will launch the Setup Assistant. If you plan on selling your Mac, press Command + Q and turn off your Mac. Or, work your way through the Setup Assistant to set up your Mac from scratch.
If you choose to set up your Mac, you’ll be given the option of restoring your Mac’s data via a Time Machine backup. You can skip that if you want and use the Migration Assistant to restore everything later. For comprehensive step-by-step instructions, check our guide to restoring a Mac using Time Machine.
Erase and Reinstall via macOS Recovery
If you use an Intel Mac without an Apple T2 Security Chip, you must enter and use macOS Recovery to reset your Mac to factory defaults. The procedure involves wiping the startup disk and reinstalling the system software. Don’t worry—you won’t need any external macOS installation media.
Sign Out of iMessage and iCloud
If you intend on selling or giving away your Mac, you may want to take a few minutes to sign out of both iMessage and iCloud. That minimizes the chances of running into account-related issues while using your Apple ID on other Apple devices you own.
iMessage: Open the Messages app and select Messages > Preferences on the menu bar. Then, switch to the iMessage tab and select Sign Out.
iCloud: Open the Apple menu and select System Preferences > Apple ID. Then, switch to the iCloud side tab and select Sign Out.
Enter macOS Recovery
macOS Recovery is a special recovery environment on your Mac. You can access it as you boot up your Mac with a specific key combo.
1. Shut down your Mac.
2. Hold down the Command + R keys and press the Power button to turn it back on.
3. Release the keys once you see the Apple logo. Your Mac will enter macOS Recovery momentarily.
Erase Mac in macOS Recovery
You must use the Disk Utility app in macOS Recovery to erase your Mac.
1. Select Disk Utility on the macOS Recovery menu. Then, select Continue.
2. Select Macintosh HD on the sidebar. Then, select the Erase button at the top-left of the screen.
4. Set Name to Macintosh HD and Format to APFS. Next, select Erase to wipe your Mac. If you see an Erase Volume Group button, select it instead.
5. Select Done. You must then exit Disk Utility by selecting Disk Utility > Exit Disk Utility on the menu bar.
Reinstall macOS Monterey
Now that you’ve erased your Mac, it’s time to reinstall macOS Monterey.
1. Select Reinstall macOS Monterey on the macOS Recovery menu. Then, select Continue.
2. Select Continue and agree to the license terms. Then, choose Macintosh HD as the target disk.
3. Wait until your Mac finishes installing macOS Monterey. That can take up to an hour or more.
4. Once the Setup Assistant shows up, press Command + Q and turn off your Mac if you plan on selling or giving it away.
If not, work your way through the Setup Assistant to set up your Mac for personal use again. You can choose to restore your data with a Time Machine backup during the setup phase or after via the Migration Assistant.
Erase Mac Using Find My
Another method involves using the Find My app on another iPhone, iPad, or Mac that you own to reset macOS Monterey to factory defaults. This applies to any Monterey-compatible MacBook Pro, MacBook Air, iMac, or Mac mini. It’s best used if you aren’t physically close to your Mac.
1. Open the Find My app on your iPhone, iPad, or Mac. Or, sign in to iCloud.com on any web browser and select Find My.
2. Select Devices and pick your Mac.
3. Select Erase Device and select Continue to erase the Mac. If the Mac is offline, it will start erasing itself the next time it comes back online.
If you sold or gave away an Apple Silicon Mac or a Mac with an Apple T2 Security Chip inside, you must also select the Remove Device option to remove Activation Lock. That’s the only way to allow the new owner to set up and use the device.
macOS Monterey Reset to Factory Defaults
Thanks to the Erase Assistant, it’s pretty easy to reset your Mac to factory defaults, assuming that you use a newer Mac with an Apple Silicon or T2 chip inside. If not, you must resort to using macOS Recovery (which looks complicated but isn’t all that hard). You also have the option of using Find My if your Mac is not in your possession.
