如果您像我一样，您可能听说过Raspberry Pi以及如何使用它来创建您自己的DIY项目，例如设置家庭媒体服务器或控制机器人或监控天气。如果您喜欢摆弄电子产品，Raspberry Pi是初学者或高级用户的绝佳起点。
如果你是一名电气工程师，你可能已经知道要买什么样的树莓派(Raspberry Pi)，如何设置、编程等等。如果你是像我这样的极客，但从来没有搞砸过像树莓派这样的东西Pi 或 Arduino(Raspberry Pi or Arduino)，选择可能会更令人困惑。
买哪个树莓派？
这不会是对模型的广泛比较，因为已经有很多网站涵盖了该主题。相反，我将把它分解成非常简单的术语。到今天为止，如果您查看Raspberry Pi 官方网站(Raspberry Pi website)，您有以下型号：
最新最强大的树莓派产品(Raspberry Pi product)是 2016 年 2 月发布的Raspberry Pi 3 (Raspberry Pi 3) Model B。之前的型号是2015 年2 月(February)发布(February)的Raspberry Pi 2 Model B。两者之间只有三个不同之处Pi 3和Pi 2型号 B(Model B)：
- 片上系统 (SoC) 版本
- Pi 3 上的1.2 GHz 64 位四核ARM Cortex-A53与Pi 2(Pi 3) 上(Pi 2)的900 (vs 900) MHz四核ARM Cortex-A7
- Pi 3上的802.11n无线和蓝牙(wireless and Bluetooth)4.1
其他一切都一样，包括价格！Pi 1 Model A+于 2014 年11 月(November)发布，至今仍在使用，因为它是一款非常低功耗的设备，这是某些类型项目的要求。Raspberry Pi Zero、Sense Hat 和 Compute Module(Sense Hat and Compute Module)均面向工业应用或高级爱好者。
所以基本上，在我看来，如果你是Raspberry Pi 和 DIY 项目(Raspberry Pi and DIY projects)的新手，最好的选择是Raspberry Pi 3 Model B，因为它的成本与Pi 2 Model B相同，但速度更快，技术含量更高在板上。
就设置和易用性(setup and ease)而言，它也是最容易上手的。该板本身的成本为 35 美元，但它只是板，实际上没有其他任何东西，甚至没有电源(power supply)。
Raspberry Pi 套件与无套件
同样，如果您知道自己在做什么，那么购买电路板可能就是您所需要的。但是，如果您像我一样不知道如何开始使用其中一个板，那么可能值得花一些额外的钱购买套件。
现在，如果您在网上搜索Raspberry Pi 3套件，您会得到一堆从 60 美元到 150 美元不等的结果。这是因为从入门套件到媒体中心套件(center kit)到相机套件(camera kit)再到天气套件(weather kit)，应有尽有。那么你应该买哪一个呢？
好吧，如果您想花最少的钱并且不知道要开始什么样的项目，那么我建议您只购买入门套件。所有入门套件几乎都带有相同的基本部件：
- 树莓派 3 B 型板
- 1 个预装 NOOBS 的 microSD 卡
- 1 个外壳
- 1个电源
- 1 根 HDMI 电缆（并非所有套件）
在那之后，它真的取决于入门工具包或包(kit or pack)。有些更贵一些，并带有一大堆其他部件，如面包板或跳线(breadboard or jumper wires)。如果您打算购买套件，以下是我从最便宜到最贵的四个建议：
- 59.99 美元 – MCM Raspberry Pi 3 入门套件(MCM Raspberry Pi 3 Starter Kit)
- 69.99 美元 – Virlos Raspberry Pi 3 完整入门套件(Virlos Raspberry Pi 3 Complete Starter Kit)
- 74.99 美元 – CanaKit Raspberry Pi 3 完整入门套件(CanaKit Raspberry Pi 3 Complete Starter Kit)
- 99.99 美元 – Adafruit Raspberry Pi 3 B 型入门包(Adafruit Raspberry Pi 3 Model B Starter Pack)
对我来说，我最终选择了Vilros 入门套件(Vilros Starter Kit)，因为它还包括一根优质的HDMI 电缆(HDMI cable)和两个铝制(aluminum heat)散热器。
如何设置Raspberry Pi 3 Model B
拿到工具包后，让我们继续进行设置。首先(First)，打开包装，取出所有内容物。这是我的入门包，里面有板子和配件(board and accessories)。
我们要做的第一件事是将两个散热器安装到您的Pi 3板上。请注意，不需要使用散热器，许多套件甚至不包括它们。但是，如果您计划在执行密集的CPU(CPU)或图形任务时让您的主板长时间运行，那么散热器将减少主板过热(board overheating)的机会。
上图是(Above)Pi 3板的特写。要安装散热器，只需撕下底部的胶带并按照提供的说明粘贴即可。作为参考，这是我的电路板安装了两个散热器后的样子。
之后，您应该取出microSD 卡(microSD card)并将其插入插槽，该插槽位于主板底部USB 和以太网端口(USB and Ethernet ports)对面的一侧。这是一个很小的插槽，所以插入卡时要小心。
接下来，我们需要将Pi 3放入提供的外壳中。根据套件随附的外壳类型，说明通常位于单独的文档中。在我使用Vilros 外壳(Vilros enclosure)的情况下，我必须打开它，然后将电路板插入底部，如下所示。
之后，我把两侧，然后盖在顶部。一旦您的电路板安全地放入外壳中，我们就可以开始将电缆连接到它。基本上有五件东西需要连接：USB 键盘(USB keyboard)、USB 鼠标(USB mouse)、HDMI 线(HDMI cable)、Wi-Fi 或以太网(Wi-Fi or Ethernet)和电源线(power cable)。值得注意的是，如果你有一张带有NOOBS的(NOOBS)SD 卡(SD card)，你实际上不必连接到互联网(Internet)。
那么什么是 NOOBS？它代表New Out Of Box Software(New Out Of Box Softwar) e，它基本上使在您的Pi 3上安装操作系统(operating system)变得非常容易。我很快就会谈到这一点。首先(First)，这是我的Pi 3已连接并准备开机。
请注意，一旦插入电源，Pi 3将立即打开，因此请确保最后一次这样做。此外，请确保显示器设置为正确的HDMI 输入(HDMI input)。如果您的电路板(board isn)没有损坏或损坏，您应该会在片刻后看到以下NOOBS 屏幕(NOOBS screen)。
在Pi 3(Pi 3)上安装操作系统时，您有几个选择。Raspbian 是基于 Debian 的Linux操作系统，但针对Raspberry Pi进行了优化。Kodi Entertainment Center是一个开源家庭影院软件包，OSMC(source home theater software package and OSMC)是一个开源媒体中心。如果您想将新的Pi 3用作连接到HDTV的微型媒体流媒体盒，请选择其中一个。
NOOBS 的好处(NOOBS)在于，即使在您安装了操作系统(operating system)后，它仍保留在您的SD 卡(SD card)上。启动 Pi 时，只需按住SHIFT 键(SHIFT key)即可再次调出NOOBS 菜单(NOOBS menu)。您可以随时轻松安装另一个操作系统(operating system)。所以请随意测试一些东西，不要担心一开始就做出错误的选择。
就我而言，我想最终尝试对我的 Pi 进行编程，所以我安装了 Raspbian，不过如果你是Windows用户，你也可以安装(Windows person)Windows 10 IoT Core。
由于数据传输速度的原因，安装(transfer speed)操作系统(operating system)可能需要一段时间。完成后，设备将(Once)重新启动并引导至您安装的操作系统。(operating system)我的一切都很顺利，在我的Pi 3通电大约 45 分钟后，我在 Raspbian 桌面上。
桌面非常简单易用。有一个名为“菜单(Menu)”的按钮可让您浏览已安装的应用程序并配置设置。旁边是网络浏览器按钮(browser button)、文件管理器按钮和终端按钮(file manager button and Terminal button)。这篇文章是一个介绍，只是为了让你开始使用新的Pi 3。当我自己探索它们时，未来的帖子将涵盖更高级的主题！如果您有任何问题，请随时发表评论。享受！
How to Get Started with the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B
If you’re like me, you’ve probably heard of Raspberry Pі and how it can be used to create your own DIY рrojects like setting uр a home media server or cоntrolling a robot or monitoring the weather. If you like to tinker around with electronics, Raspberry Pi is a great starting point for beginners or advanced users.
If you’re an electrical engineer, you probably already know what to kind of Raspberry Pi to buy, how to set it up, program it, etc. If you’re a geek like me, but have never messed around with anything like Raspberry Pi or Arduino, the choice can be a little more confusing.
Which Raspberry Pi to Buy?
This is not going to be an extensive comparison of the models because there are already a lot of sites that have covered that topic. Instead, I’ll break it down into very simple terms. As of today, if you look at the official Raspberry Pi website, you have the following models:
The newest and most capable Raspberry Pi product is the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, which was released in February of 2016. The previous model was the Raspberry Pi 2 Model B, which was release in February of 2015. There are only three differences between the Pi 3 and Pi 2 Model B:
- System on a Chip (SoC) Version
- 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 on Pi 3 vs 900 MHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 on Pi 2
- 802.11n wireless and Bluetooth 4.1 on Pi 3
Everything else is exactly the same, including the price! The Pi 1 Model A+ was released in November of 2014 and is still used because it is a very low-power device, which is a requirement for some types of projects. The Raspberry Pi Zero, Sense Hat and Compute Module are all geared to industrial applications or advanced hobbyists.
So basically, in my opinion, if you are new to Raspberry Pi and DIY projects in general, the best option is the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B because it costs the same as the Pi 2 Model B, but is much faster and has more tech on the board.
It’s also the easiest to get started with in terms of setup and ease of use. The board by itself costs $35, but it’s only the board and literally nothing else, not even a power supply.
Raspberry Pi Kit vs No Kit
Again, if you know what you’re doing, buying the board may be all you need. However, if you have no clue how to get started with one of these boards, like me, then it might be worth spending some extra money and purchasing a kit.
Now if you search for Raspberry Pi 3 kits online, you’ll get a bunch of results ranging from $60 to $150. That’s because there is everything from a starter kit to a media center kit to a camera kit to a weather kit. So which one should you buy?
Well, if you want to spend the least amount of money and you have no idea what kind of project you want to start, then I suggest purchasing only a starter kit. All starter kits pretty much come with the same essential parts:
- Raspberry Pi 3 Model B board
- 1 microSD card with NOOBS preloaded
- 1 enclosure
- 1 power supply
- 1 HDMI cable (not all kits)
After that, it really depends on the starter kit or pack. Some are a bit more expensive and come with a whole bunch of other parts like a breadboard or jumper wires. If you plan on purchasing a kit, here are my four recommendations from cheapest to most expensive:
- $59.99 – MCM Raspberry Pi 3 Starter Kit
- $69.99 – Virlos Raspberry Pi 3 Complete Starter Kit
- $74.99 – CanaKit Raspberry Pi 3 Complete Starter Kit
- $99.99 – Adafruit Raspberry Pi 3 Model B Starter Pack
For me, I ended up going with the Vilros Starter Kit because it also included a good quality HDMI cable and two aluminum heat sinks.
How to Setup a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B
Once you get your kit, let’s go ahead and set it up. First, open the package and take out all of the contents. Here is my starter pack with the board and accessories.
The first thing we want to do is install the two heat sinks onto your Pi 3 board. Note that it’s not a requirement to use heat sinks and a lot of the kits don’t even include them. However, if you plan to keep your board running for long periods of time while performing intensive CPU or graphical tasks, then the heat sinks will reduce the chance of the board overheating.
Above is a close up look at the Pi 3 board. To install the heat sinks, just peel off the tape at the bottom and stick them on according to the instructions provided. For reference, here is what my board looks like with the two heat sinks installed.
After this, you should take out the microSD card and insert it into the slot, which is located on the bottom of the board on the opposite side of the USB and Ethernet ports. It’s a tiny slot, so be careful when inserting the card.
Next, we need to put the Pi 3 into the provided enclosure. Depending on what type of enclosure comes with your kit, the instructions will normally be in a separate document. In my case with the Vilros enclosure, I had to open it and then insert the board in the bottom section as shown below.
After that, I put on the two sides and then the cover at the top. Once your board is safely in the enclosure, we can start connecting cables to it. There are basically five things that need to be connected: a USB keyboard, a USB mouse, an HDMI cable, Wi-Fi or Ethernet and the power cable. It’s worth noting that if you have an SD card with NOOBS, you don’t really have to be connected to the Internet.
So what is NOOBS? It stands for New Out Of Box Software and it basically makes installing an operating system onto your Pi 3 really easy. I’ll talk about that shortly. First, here is my Pi 3 connected and ready to be powered on.
Note that once you plug in the power, the Pi 3 will turn on immediately, so make sure you do that last. Also, make sure that the monitor is set to the correct HDMI input. If your board isn’t broken or damaged, you should see the following NOOBS screen after a few moments.
You have a couple of options when it comes to installing an OS on your Pi 3. Raspbian is a Linux operating system based on Debian, but optimized for the Raspberry Pi. Kodi Entertainment Center is an open source home theater software package and OSMC is an open source media center. If you want to use your new Pi 3 as a tiny media streaming box connected to your HDTV, then choose either one of those.
The nice thing about NOOBS is that it remains on your SD card even after you install an operating system. When booting up the Pi, just hold down the SHIFT key to bring up the NOOBS menu again. You can easily install another operating system whenever you like. So feel free to test stuff out and don’t worry about making the wrong choice in the beginning.
In my case, I want to eventually try to program my Pi, so I installed Raspbian, though you can also install Windows 10 IoT Core, if you are a Windows person.
It might take a while for the operating system to install because of the data transfer speed. Once complete, the device will restart and boot into the operating system you installed. All went well on mine and I was on the Raspbian desktop about 45 minutes after powering up my Pi 3.
The desktop is very simple and easy to use. There is a button called Menu that lets you browse installed applications and configure settings. Next to that is a web browser button, file manager button and Terminal button. This post was an introduction and only meant to get you up and running with a new Pi 3. Future posts will cover more advanced topics as I explore them myself! If you have any questions, feel free to comment. Enjoy!
