当您的工作量超出一个（甚至两个）屏幕的容量时，您可以使用Windows 11中的虚拟桌面在不同的工作或娱乐模式之间快速切换。
多年来，虚拟桌面(Desktop)功能一直是macOS和Linux的中流砥柱。在Windows 10之前，您必须使用第三方应用程序才能获得相同的功能。在Windows 10中，虚拟桌面(Virtual Desktops)成为一项新的内置功能，而在Windows 11中，它被打磨到了一个新的水平。
简而言之虚拟桌面
虚拟桌面就像在一个屏幕上访问多个虚拟监视器。
每个虚拟桌面都有自己的窗口和配置，您可以使用键盘或鼠标快捷方式在它们之间切换。
人们使用虚拟桌面的方式不同。对于某些人来说，这是一种将工作和个人计算分开的便捷方式。对于其他人来说，这是分离某些类型任务的好方法（例如，将通信应用程序放在一个桌面上，而在另一个桌面上编码）。对于某些人来说，这是区分不同项目的一种方式。
例如，您可以让您的torrent客户端或视频转换作业在不同的桌面上运行，同时在前台使用 Web 浏览器和浏览器。
查看您当前的桌面
在开始创建和管理虚拟桌面之前，了解当前处于活动状态的桌面以及如何检查它们会很有帮助。
任务栏(Taskbar)有一个专用的任务视图(Task View)按钮，可以激活活动虚拟桌面的概览。任务视图(Task View)图标看起来像两个重叠的正方形 - 一个浅色和一个深色 - 如下所示。
进入同一概览屏幕的更快方法是使用其键盘快捷键。只需(Simply)按Windows 键(Windows Key )+ Tab。
如何在Windows 11中创建(Windows 11)虚拟桌面(Virtual Desktops)
创建新虚拟桌面的最快方法是将鼠标悬停在上面提到的任务栏按钮上，然后选择 现有虚拟桌面最右侧的new desktop button (+)
您也可以使用Windows + Ctrl + D使新桌面出现。您将立即被带到新的空桌面，但您以前的桌面及其所有应用程序仍然存在且未更改。
命名或重命名虚拟桌面
为您的桌面命名以反映其用途会很有帮助。您可以在上面提到的预览模式中给它们命名或更改它们的当前名称。只需(Simply)激活该模式，然后单击现有名称。
或者，在任务视图模式下(Task View Mode)，右键单击虚拟桌面缩略图(virtual desktop thumbnail)并选择重命名(Rename)。
默认命名约定为Desktop1、Desktop 2等。输入(Enter)新名称，它将一直保留，直到您决定更改它。
更改桌面的顺序
根据您的工作流程，您可能希望您的桌面按特定顺序排列。有两种方法可以更改现有虚拟桌面的顺序。
一种快速而优雅的方法是使用桌面预览功能。将鼠标指针悬停在任务视图(Task View)图标上，然后将桌面缩略图拖动到您喜欢的顺序。
您还可以右键单击该列表或任务视图(Task View)模式中的任何桌面缩略图，然后选择向右(Move Right)移动或向左移动(Move Left)以更改顺序。
键盘快捷键Alt + Shift +左箭头( Left Arrow)或右箭头( Right Arrow)可实现相同的结果。
在桌面之间切换
现在您有一堆具有唯一名称的桌面，按照您想要的顺序，您如何在它们之间切换？
在桌面之间高效切换的最佳方法是按Win + Ctrl + Left Arrow或Right Arrow。
当然，这会按顺序移动您打开的桌面。如果您想直接跳转到特定桌面，可以在将鼠标悬停在任务栏上的任务视图(Task View)图标上时从桌面预览弹出窗口中执行此操作。单击(Click)相关桌面的缩略图。
您也可以在单击桌面预览按钮后使用全屏桌面预览进行切换。这比以前的方法效率低，但它确实具有向您显示更大的窗口预览的优点，从而更容易分辨每个桌面上的内容。
为每个桌面(Desktop)提供自己的壁纸(Own Wallpaper)
使识别桌面更容易或至少根据您的喜好个性化它们的另一种方法是为每个桌面提供自己的背景。
您不能通过使用桌面本身的常用Personalize选项来执行此操作。(Personalize)相反，打开桌面预览模式或任务视图(Task View)，然后右键单击要更改桌面背景的桌面缩略图。
选择选择背景(Choose Background)，然后使用背景菜单(Background menu)从提供的背景或您自己的来源中选择背景。
现在该桌面有自己的背景。
在多个桌面(Multiple Desktops)上显示一个应用程序(App)
通常，每个桌面都有自己独特的一组打开的应用程序和Windows，但有时您希望特定应用程序在多个桌面上可用。一个很好的例子是Spotify或您的日历应用程序。
您必须切换到Task View，然后右键单击有问题的应用程序。选择在所有桌面上显示此窗口(Show this Window on all desktops)。
您还可以选择在所有桌面上显示此应用程序的窗口(Show windows from this app on all desktops)，确保生成多个窗口的应用程序（例如 Web 浏览器）在所有桌面上生成它们。
在桌面之间移动应用程序
如果您不希望某个应用程序出现在所有桌面上但想将其移动到另一个桌面，则不必关闭并重新打开它，而是打开任务视图(Task view)。然后将应用程序从所选桌面拖放到目标桌面的缩略图中。
然后，您的应用程序将出现在新桌面上。
关闭虚拟桌面
完成特定虚拟桌面后，您可以将其关闭。最快的方法是将指针悬停在虚拟桌面按钮上，然后通过将鼠标指针移到它上面突出显示要关闭的桌面。
单击右上角(Click)的小“X”关闭桌面，就像关闭常规窗口一样。
当您关闭带有打开的应用程序(Open Apps)的桌面时会发生什么？
您无需关闭或移动要关闭的桌面上的应用程序。当您关闭虚拟桌面时，该桌面上所有打开的窗口和应用程序都会转移到队列中前一步的桌面。
因此，如果您希望在特定桌面上使用这些应用程序，您需要对它们重新排序，以便您希望关闭的桌面位于您想要接收这些应用程序的桌面的右侧。
(Show All Apps)在所有桌面的任务栏上(Taskbar Across All Desktops)显示所有应用程序
默认情况下，虚拟桌面的任务栏仅显示该桌面上打开的应用程序和窗口。如果您想在任务栏(Taskbar)上查看每个打开的应用程序，无论您当前使用的是哪个虚拟桌面，您都可以这样做。
打开开始菜单(Start Menu)并转到设置应用程序( Settings App)>系统(System)>多任务处理(Multitasking)>桌面(Desktops)>在任务栏上，显示所有打开的窗口(On the taskbar, show all the open windows)>在所有桌面上。(On all desktops.)
此位置的另一个有用设置是切换，当您使用Alt + Tab 键在应用程序之间切换时显示您计算机上所有打开的( Tab key)Windows，而不仅仅是来自活动虚拟桌面的应用程序。
多显示器限制
一般来说，Windows 11中的虚拟桌面很棒，但它们确实有一个明显的限制。如果您有多个显示器设置(multiple monitor setup)，则每个虚拟桌面都会跨越您的所有屏幕。换句话说，当您在虚拟桌面之间切换时，您会同时打开所有显示器。
相比之下，Apple 的 macOS 操作系统具有专用于每台显示器的虚拟桌面，因此您只需打开当前活动的屏幕。
Windows 11中唯一的近似解决方法是在任务视图(Task View)中移动应用程序或让相同的应用程序出现在多个虚拟桌面上，例如，当您切换桌面时，您可以在第二个屏幕上保持您的邮件应用程序打开。
How to Set Up Windows 11 Virtual Desktops
When you have more work than you can fit on оne (or even two) screenѕ, you can use virtual desktops in Windows 11 to quickly switch between different modes of work or play.
Virtual Desktop features have been a mainstay of macOS and Linux for many years. Before Windows 10, you had to use third-party apps to get the same functionality. In Windows 10, Virtual Desktops became a new built-in feature, and with Windows 11, it’s been polished to a new level of shine.
Virtual Desktops in a Nutshell
Virtual desktops are like having access to multiple virtual monitors on one screen.
Each virtual desktop has its own windows and configuration, and you can switch between them with a keyboard or mouse shortcut.
People use virtual desktops differently. For some, it’s a handy way to keep work and personal computing separate. For others, it’s a good way to separate certain types of tasks (like keeping communication apps on one desktop and coding on another, for example). And for some, it’s a way to distinguish between different projects.
For example, you could have your torrent client or video conversion jobs running on a different desktop while working with a web browser and browser in the foreground.
Viewing Your Current Desktops
Before you begin creating and managing virtual desktops, it’s helpful to know what desktops are currently active and how to check them at a glance.
The Taskbar has a dedicated Task View button that activates the overview of active virtual desktops. The Task View icon looks like two overlapping squares—one light and one dark—as shown below.
A faster way to get to the same overview screen is to use its keyboard shortcut. Simply press Windows Key + Tab.
How to Create Virtual Desktops in Windows 11
The fastest way to create new virtual desktops is to hover over the taskbar button mentioned above and select the new desktop button (+) on the far right of the existing virtual desktops.
You can also use Windows + Ctrl + D to make a new desktop appear. You’ll be taken to the new empty desktop immediately, but your previous desktop with all its apps is still there and unchanged.
Naming or Renaming Virtual Desktops
It’s helpful to give your desktops names that reflect their purpose. You can give them names or change their current names in the preview mode mentioned above. Simply activate the mode and then click on the existing name.
Alternatively, in Task View Mode, right-click on the virtual desktop thumbnail and select Rename.
The default naming convention is Desktop1, Desktop 2, and so on. Enter the new name, and it will remain until you decide to change it.
Changing the Order of Your Desktops
Depending on your workflow, you may want your desktops in a particular order. There are two ways to change the order of existing virtual desktops.
A fast and elegant way is to use the desktop preview function. Hover your mouse pointer over the Task View icon and drag the desktop thumbnails into your preferred order.
You can also right-click on any desktop thumbnail in that list or Task View mode and select Move Right or Move Left to change the order.
The keyboard shortcut Alt + Shift + Left Arrow or Right Arrow achieves the same result.
Switching Between Desktops
Now that you have a bunch of desktops with unique names, in the order you want them, how can you switch between them?
The best way to efficiently switch between desktops is by pressing Win + Ctrl + Left Arrow or Right Arrow.
Of course, this moves you along the open desktops sequentially. If you want to jump directly to a specific desktop, you can do it from the desktop preview popup when you hover your mouse over the Task View icon on the taskbar. Click on the thumbnail for the desktop in question.
You can also switch using the full-screen desktop preview after clicking on the desktops preview button. This is less efficient than the previous method, but it does have the advantage of showing you a bigger preview of the windows, making it easier to tell what’s on each desktop.
Giving Each Desktop Its Own Wallpaper
Another way to make identifying desktops easier, or at least personalize them to your taste, is to give each desktop its own background.
You don’t do this by using the usual Personalize option from the desktop itself. Instead, open the desktop preview mode or Task View and right-click on the desktop thumbnail you want to change the desktop background for.
Select Choose Background and then select backgrounds from those provided or your own sources, using the Background menu.
Now that desktop has its own background.
Showing One App on Multiple Desktops
Usually, each desktop will have its own unique set of open apps and Windows, but sometimes you want a particular app to be available on multiple desktops. A good example would be Spotify or your calendar app.
You have to switch to Task View, then right-click on the app in question. Select Show this Window on all desktops.
You can also choose Show windows from this app on all desktops, ensuring that apps that generate multiple windows, such as web browsers, spawn them on all desktops.
Moving Apps Between Desktops
If you don’t want an app to appear on all desktops but want to move it to another desktop, you don’t have to close and reopen it—instead, open Task view. Then drag and drop the apps from the selected desktop into the thumbnail of the destination desktop.
Your app will then appear on the new desktop.
Closing a Virtual Desktop
When you’re done with a particular virtual desktop, you can close it. The fastest method is to hover your pointer over the virtual desktops button, then highlight the desktop you want to close by moving the mouse pointer over it.
Click the small “X” at the upper right corner to close the desktop, just like you’d close a regular window.
What Happens When You Close a Desktop With Open Apps?
You don’t need to close or move the apps on a desktop that you want to close. When you close a virtual desktop, all of the open windows and apps on that desktop shift to the desktop one step earlier in the queue.
So if you want those apps on a particular desktop, you’ll want to reorder them so that the desktop you wish to close is to the right of the one you want to receive those apps.
Show All Apps on the Taskbar Across All Desktops
By default, the taskbar of a virtual desktop shows only the apps and windows open on that desktop. If you want to see every open app on your Taskbar, regardless of which virtual desktop you’re currently using, you can do that.
Open the Start Menu and go to Settings App > System > Multitasking > Desktops > On the taskbar, show all the open windows > On all desktops.
Another helpful setting in this location is the toggle to make all open Windows on your computer appear when you use the Alt + Tab key to change between applications, rather than just the ones from the active virtual desktop.
Multi-Monitor Limitations
In general, virtual desktops in Windows 11 are great, but they do have one significant limitation. If you have a multiple monitor setup, each virtual desktop spans all of your screens. In other words, when you switch between virtual desktops, you switch on all your displays simultaneously.
By contrast, Apple’s macOS operating system has virtual desktops dedicated to each monitor, so you only switch on the currently active screen.
The only approximate workaround in Windows 11 is to move apps around in Task View or have the same apps appear across multiple virtual desktops, so you can, for example) keep your mail app open on your second screen when you switch desktops.
