Apple在 macOS 10.12.4 Sierra中引入了APFS（Apple File System ），并将其完全实现为 macOS 10.13 High Sierra的默认文件系统。与较旧的HFS+（或Mac OS Extended）文件系统相比，APFS尤其为固态驱动器提供了关键优势。
例如，APFS具有令人难以置信的快速复制/写入速度，有效地管理存储并且不易受到数据损坏的影响。如果您想了解更多信息，以下是我们对 APFS 与 Mac OS Extended 的深入探讨(in-depth take on APFS versus Mac OS Extended)。
如果您想使用APFS文件系统格式化或转换驱动器或分区，以下说明应该对您有所帮助。
开始转换之前
如果您购买的Mac预装了 macOS 10.13 High Sierra或更高版本，则内部存储默认使用APFS文件系统。如果您从 macOS 10.12 Sierra升级到更新版本，转换将自动进行。
但是，如果您仍然有HFS+或其他格式（例如 exFAT）的驱动器或分区（内部或外部），您可以使用macOS 中 的磁盘工具应用程序将其转换为(Disk Utility)APFS 。
APFS面向固态硬盘，但您可以毫无问题地转换或格式化融合硬盘和机械硬盘。但是，如果您计划在运行 macOS 10.11 Capitan或更早版本的旧(Capitan)Mac上使用外部驱动器，则转换或格式化驱动器将使其无法读取。
磁盘工具(Disk Utility)支持以下APFS格式化选项：
- APFS
- APFS（加密）(APFS (Encrypted))
- APFS（区分大小写）(APFS (Case Sensitive))
- APFS（区分大小写，加密）(APFS (Case Sensitive, Encrypted))
在擦除驱动器或分区时，选择APFS就足够了。除非您更喜欢加密或区分大小写的文件系统，否则不要太拘泥于其他选项。根据现有的文件系统和分区方案，您还可以将驱动器或分区转换为APFS，而不会丢失任何格式。
重要提示：(Important:) Time Machine支持启动 macOS Big Sur的(Big Sur)APFS。但是，如果您有一个较旧的HFS+Time Machine驱动器，则无法在不丢失数据的情况下将其转换为(without losing data)APFS。除非您设置新的 Time Machine 驱动器(set up a new Time Machine drive)，否则坚持使用旧文件系统是个好主意。
将驱动器(Convert Drives)和分区(Partitions)转换为APFS（非破坏性(Non-Destructive)）
使用GUID 分区图(GUID Partition Map)，您可以非破坏性地转换HFS+驱动器或分区（较旧的Time Machine驱动器除外）。这使您可以保留任何现有数据。
1. 打开启动板(Launchpad)并选择其他(Other)>磁盘工具(Disk Utility)以打开磁盘工具。
2. 将磁盘工具的侧边栏设置为显示所有设备(Show All Devices)。
3. 按住 Control 键单击驱动器中的一个分区，然后选择转换为 APFS(Convert to APFS )选项。
4. 选择转换(Convert)。
5.等待(Wait)磁盘工具(Disk Utility)完成分区转换。然后，选择完成(Done)。
该分区将显示为APFS(APFS)容器中的一个卷。您可以将多个卷添加到容器中（您将在下面进一步了解）。
如果驱动器包含要转换的其他分区，请重复步骤3 – 5。
(Format)将分区(Partition)或驱动器(Drive)格式化为APFS（破坏性(Destructive)）
您还可以通过擦除其上的所有数据来转换（或格式化）分区或驱动器。这是转换不使用HFS+或具有不同于GUID Partition Map的分区方案的分区和驱动器的唯一方法。
1. 将磁盘工具侧边栏设置为显示所有设备(Show All Devices )，然后选择要格式化的分区或驱动器。
2. 选择标有擦除(Erase)的按钮。
3. 为分区指定一个新名称并选择APFS。如果您选择格式化整个驱动器，则必须选择分区方案。将其设置为GUID Partition Map。然后，选择擦除(Erase)。
4.等待(Wait)磁盘工具(Disk Utility)完成分区或驱动器的格式化。然后，选择完成(Done)。
该分区将出现在一个新的APFS容器中。如果要格式化任何其他分区，请重复步骤2 – 5。
如果您格式化了整个驱动器，您将在APFS(APFS)容器中看到一个分区。
(Create New Volumes)在APFS 容器中(APFS Container)创建新卷
将分区或驱动器转换或格式化为APFS后，您可以轻松地在(APFS)APFS容器中创建新卷。这些卷可以动态地利用可用空间，而无需将自身限制为预定义的大小，这是该格式的主要优点之一。
1. 将磁盘工具(Disk Utility)侧边栏配置为显示所有设备(Show All Devices )并选择一个 APFS 容器。
3. 选择加(Plus)号图标。
4. 选择添加卷(Add Volume)。
5. 选择尺寸选项(Size Options)。如果您不想定义卷的大小，请跳至步骤7 。
6. 指定Quota Size（卷的大小）和Reserve Size（卷可以访问的额外空间量）并选择OK。
7. 为卷添加标签。然后，指定格式 ( APFS ) 并选择Add。
8.等待(Wait)磁盘工具(Disk Utility)完成创建卷。然后，选择完成(Done)。
该卷应出现在APFS容器下。您可以随时创建额外的卷。
如果要添加新的APFS容器，请在步骤4中选择(4)添加分区(Add Partition)。您可以通过拆分驱动器或现有容器来做到这一点。
(Format)创建新(New)分区时在APFS中(APFS)格式化
如果您有不同格式的驱动器（例如HFS+或 exFAT），您可以通过对磁盘进行分区来创建新的APFS容器。如果您没有足够的可用磁盘空间，您将丢失数据。
1. 在“磁盘工具(Disk Utility)”的边栏中选择驱动器。
2. 选择分区(Partition)按钮。
3. 选择加(Plus)号按钮。
4.使用磁盘图指定APFS容器的大小。或者，在 Size 旁边的字段中输入其大小(Size)。
5. 为分区添加名称并选择APFS作为格式。然后，选择应用(Apply)。
6. 选择分区(Partition)。
7.等待(Wait)磁盘工具(Disk Utility)完成创建APFS分区。然后，选择完成(Done)。APFS分区将显示为一个容器（里面有一个卷）。
您可以继续将新卷添加到APFS容器中（请参阅上面的部分）。或者，您可以通过对驱动器进行分区或拆分现有APFS容器来创建新容器。
APFS 格式化的驱动器(APFS Formatted Drives)和分区
无论是SSD还是机械硬盘，在(SSD)APFS中转换或格式化分区和驱动器的净收益都非常显着。但是，兼容性是一个问题，因此如果您打算在较旧的Mac(Macs)上使用它们，请不要在APFS中格式化任何(APFS)外部存储设备(external storage devices)。
How to Format a Mac Drive or Partition with the APFS File System
Apple introduced APFS (Apple File Syѕtem) in macOS 10.12.4 Sierra and fully implemented it as the default file syѕtem with macOS 10.13 High Sierra. Compared to the older HFS+ (or Mac OS Extended) file system, APFS provides critical advantages for solid-state drives in particulаr.
For example, APFS sports incredibly fast copy/write speeds, manages storage efficiently and is less susceptible to data corruption. If you want to know more, here’s our in-depth take on APFS versus Mac OS Extended.
If you want to format or convert a drive or partition with the APFS file system, the following instructions should help you.
Before You Start Converting
If you bought a Mac with macOS 10.13 High Sierra or later preinstalled, the internal storage uses the APFS file system by default. If you upgrade from macOS 10.12 Sierra to a newer version, the conversion will automatically take place.
But if you still have a drive or partition (internal or external) in HFS+ or a different format (such as exFAT), you can convert it to APFS using the Disk Utility app in macOS.
APFS is geared toward solid-state drives, but you can convert or format both fusion and mechanical hard drives without issues. However, if you plan on using an external drive with an older Mac running macOS 10.11 Capitan or earlier, converting or formatting the drive will make it unreadable.
Disk Utility supports the following APFS formatting options:
- APFS
- APFS (Encrypted)
- APFS (Case Sensitive)
- APFS (Case Sensitive, Encrypted)
While erasing a drive or partition, selecting APFS should suffice. Don’t get too caught up in the other options unless you prefer an encrypted or case-sensitive file system. Depending on the existing file system and partition scheme, you may also be able to convert a drive or partition to APFS without losing any formatting.
Important: Time Machine supports APFS starting macOS Big Sur. But if you have an older Time Machine drive in the HFS+ format, you can’t convert it to APFS without losing data. It’s a good idea to stick with the older file system unless you set up a new Time Machine drive.
Convert Drives and Partitions to APFS (Non-Destructive)
With the GUID Partition Map, you can non-destructively convert an HFS+ drive or partition (except for older Time Machine drives). That allows you to preserve any existing data.
1. Open the Launchpad and select Other > Disk Utility to open Disk Utility.
2. Set the Disk Utility’s sidebar to Show All Devices.
3. Control-click a partition within the drive and pick the Convert to APFS option.
4. Select Convert.
5. Wait until Disk Utility finishes converting the partition. Then, select Done.
The partition will show up as a volume within an APFS container. You can add multiple volumes to the container (you’ll learn about that further below).
If the drive contains additional partitions you want to convert, repeat steps 3–5.
Format a Partition or Drive to APFS (Destructive)
You can also convert (or format) a partition or drive by erasing all data on it. That’s the only way to convert partitions and drives that don’t use HFS+ or feature a different partition scheme other than the GUID Partition Map.
1. Set the Disk Utility sidebar to Show All Devices and pick the partition or drive to format.
2. Select the button labeled Erase.
3. Specify a new name for the partition and select APFS. If you opted to format the entire drive, you must pick a partition scheme. Set it to GUID Partition Map. Then, select Erase.
4. Wait for Disk Utility to finish formatting the partition or drive. Then, select Done.
The partition will appear within a new APFS container. If you want to format any other partitions, repeat steps 2–5.
If you formatted the entire drive, you’ll see a single partition within an APFS container.
Create New Volumes in an APFS Container
After converting or formatting a partition or drive to APFS, you can easily create new volumes within the APFS container. These volumes can make use of free space dynamically without restricting themselves to a predefined size, which is one of the key advantages of the format.
1. Configure the Disk Utility sidebar to Show All Devices and pick an APFS container.
3. Select the Plus icon.
4. Select Add Volume.
5. Select Size Options. Skip to step 7 if you don’t want to define a size for the volume.
6. Specify the Quota Size (the size of the volume) and Reserve Size (the amount of additional space the volume can access) and select OK.
7. Add a label for the volume. Then, specify the format (APFS) and select Add.
8. Wait until the Disk Utility finishes creating the volume. Then, select Done.
The volume should appear under the APFS container. You can create additional volumes whenever you want.
If you want to add a new APFS container, select Add Partition in step 4. You can do that by splitting a drive or an existing container.
Format in APFS While Creating a New Partition
If you have a drive in a different format (such as HFS+ or exFAT), you can create a new APFS container by partitioning the disk. You’ll lose data if you don’t have enough free disk space.
1. Select the drive within the sidebar in Disk Utility.
2. Select the Partition button.
3. Select the Plus button.
4. Use the disk graph to specify the size of the APFS container. Or, enter its size into the field next to Size.
5. Add a name for the partition and select APFS as the format. Then, select Apply.
6. Select Partition.
7. Wait until the Disk Utility finishes creating the APFS partition. Then, select Done. The APFS partition will show up as a container (with a volume inside).
You can continue to add new volumes into the APFS container (see the section above). Or, you can create new containers by partitioning the drive or splitting the existing APFS container.
APFS Formatted Drives and Partitions
Whether it’s an SSD or a mechanical hard drive, the net benefit of converting or formatting partitions and drives in APFS can be significant. However, compatibility is an issue, so don’t format any external storage devices in APFS if you plan on using them on older Macs.
