如果您的Mac在正常使用期间容易出现死机、变慢或经常崩溃，则可能是文件损坏问题在起作用。您可以通过在Mac上使用(Mac)磁盘工具(Disk Utility)运行急救扫描来确认这一点。它不仅会检查磁盘错误，还会自动修复它们。
磁盘工具(Disk Utility)可从 macOS 中访问。但是，如果您无法启动到操作系统，则必须通过 macOS Recovery调用它。以下说明将引导您使用Mac上的“磁盘工具(Disk Utility)”运行磁盘错误检查。
如何在 macOS 中运行检查(Check)磁盘错误(Disk)
假设问题似乎很小，并且您可以顺利启动 macOS。在这种情况下，您可以通过从操作系统本身访问和使用磁盘工具(Disk Utility)来检查磁盘错误。
注意：(Note:)在开始之前，最好备份 Mac 的内容(back up the contents of your Mac)，以防在“磁盘工具(Disk Utility)”修复任何磁盘错误时出现问题。
1. 打开 Mac 的Launchpad并选择其他(Other)>磁盘工具(Disk Utility)。如果您无法找到它，请尝试在屏幕顶部的搜索栏中输入“(Search)磁盘工具”。(Disk Utility)
2. 打开磁盘工具(Disk Utility)窗口顶部的查看(View)菜单并选择显示所有设备(Show All Devices)。这将提示磁盘工具(Disk Utility)在其侧边栏中显示Mac 内部存储上的(volumes and containers on your Mac’s internal storage)所有卷和容器。
3. 选择内部存储驱动器上的最后一个卷 - 例如，Macintosh HD卷组 下的Data卷。(Data)
4. 选择标有急救(First Aid)的按钮。
5. 选择运行(Run)。
6. 选择继续(Continue)。等到(Wait)急救(First Aid)完成检查并修复所选卷上的任何磁盘错误。在此期间，您的Mac将出现无响应。
7. 选择完成(Done)。
8.通过选择并在驱动器内的剩余卷上运行急救，重复步骤(First Aid)3 – 7 。然后，将您的尝试集中在每个容器上。最后，在整个存储驱动器上运行急救。(First Aid)
如果Mac上的“磁盘工具(Disk Utility)”无法修复内部存储驱动器，最好在 macOS恢复(Recovery)中重复该过程。
如何在 macOS 恢复中运行检查(Check)磁盘错误(Disk)
如果您的Mac无法启动到 macOS，这通常表明内部存储存在严重问题。发生这种情况时，您必须调用Disk Utility并通过 macOS (Disk Utility)Recovery检查磁盘错误。如果从 macOS 中修复驱动器失败，您也必须使用它。
macOS恢复(Recovery)是独立于 Mac 操作系统的高级恢复环境。但是， Apple Silicon 和 Intel Mac(Apple Silicon and Intel Macs)进入 macOS恢复(Recovery)的过程是不同的。
进入 macOS 恢复 - Apple Silicon Macs(Enter macOS Recovery – Apple Silicon Macs)
1. 关闭你的Mac。如果您的Mac在启动时出现卡住，请按住电源(Power)按钮强制将其关闭。
2. 按住电源(Power)按钮，直到您看到加载启动选项(Loading startup options )消息在屏幕上闪烁。
3. 在启动(Startup) 选项(Options)屏幕上，选择选项(Options)并选择继续(Continue)。
4. 选择您的 Mac 用户帐户，输入您的密码，然后按Enter。macOS恢复(Recovery)应该会立即加载。
5. 选择标有磁盘工具( Disk Utility)的选项，然后选择继续(Continue)。
进入 macOS 恢复 - 英特尔 Mac(Enter macOS Recovery – Intel Macs)
1. 关闭你的Mac。如果您的Mac出现卡住，请按住电源(Power)按钮强制将其关闭。
2. 打开Mac，但立即按住Command + R直到看到Apple标志。macOS恢复(Recovery)应该会立即加载。
3. 如果出现提示，请选择您的 Mac 用户帐户并输入其密码以继续。然后，选择标记为Disk Utility的选项并选择Continue。
运行急救——Apple Silicon 和 Intel Macs(Run First Aid – Apple Silicon and Intel Macs)
在Apple Silicon(Apple Silicon)或Intel Mac上的macOS恢复(Recovery)中加载磁盘实用程序(Disk Utility)后，请按照以下步骤检查内部存储是否存在磁盘错误。
1. 打开磁盘工具中的查看(View)菜单并选择显示所有设备(Show All Devices)。
2. 选择内部存储驱动器下的最终卷。
3. 选择急救(First Aid)。
4. 选择运行(Run)。
5.等待(Wait)磁盘工具(Disk Utility)完成磁盘错误检查并选择完成(Done)。
6.在驱动器内的其他卷和容器上重复运行急救。(First Aid)
7.在整个存储驱动器上运行急救。(Run First Aid)
如果“磁盘工具(Disk Utility)”发现并修复了磁盘错误，请打开Apple菜单并选择重新启动(Restart)以重新启动 Mac。
你还能做什么？
如果磁盘工具(Disk Utility)无法修复 Mac 的内部存储驱动器（或者如果修复驱动器继续阻止您启动到 macOS），请尝试在单用户模式下运行 FSCK 扫描(running an FSCK scan in Single User Mode)（在启动时按Command + S并执行/sbin/fsck -fy command）。它是一个命令行工具，能够修复其他与驱动器相关的错误。
如果失败，请在 macOS恢复中重新加载(Recovery)磁盘工具(Disk Utility)并擦除驱动器（选择Macintosh HD卷组并选择擦除）(Erase))。然后，退出磁盘工具(Disk Utility)并使用重新安装 macOS(Reinstall macOS)选项重新安装 macOS。如果您设置了Time Machine，您可以在重新安装后恢复数据(restore your data after reinstallation)。有关更多详细信息，请查看我们使用 macOS 恢复的完整指南(complete guide to using macOS Recovery)。
How To Check for Disk Errors on Mac Using Disk Utility
If your Mac is prone to freezing, slowing down, or crashing regularly dυring normal usage, file corruption issueѕ are likеly at play. You can confirm that by running a First Aid scan using Disk Utility оn Mac. It not only chеckѕ for disk errors but аlso automatically fixes them.
Disk Utility is accessible from within macOS. But if you have trouble booting into the operating system, you must invoke it via macOS Recovery. The instructions below will walk you through running a check for disk errors using Disk Utility on Mac.
How To Run Check for Disk Errors in macOS
Suppose the issue appears to be minor, and you have no trouble booting into macOS. In that case, you can run a check for disk errors by accessing and using Disk Utility from within the operating system itself.
Note: Before you begin, it’s best to back up the contents of your Mac, just in case something goes wrong while Disk Utility repairs any disk errors.
1. Open the Mac’s Launchpad and select Other > Disk Utility. If you have trouble locating it, try typing Disk Utility into the Search bar at the top of the screen.
2. Open the View menu at the top of the Disk Utility window and select Show All Devices. That will prompt Disk Utility to reveal all volumes and containers on your Mac’s internal storage within its sidebar.
3. Select the last volume on the internal storage drive —e.g., the Data volume under the Macintosh HD volume group.
4. Select the button labeled First Aid.
5. Select Run.
6. Select Continue. Wait until First Aid finishes checking for and repairing any disk errors on the selected volume. Your Mac will appear unresponsive in the meantime.
7. Select Done.
8. Repeat steps 3–7 by selecting and running First Aid on the remaining volumes within the drive. Then, focus your attempt on each container. Finally, run First Aid on the entire storage drive.
If Disk Utility on your Mac fails to repair the internal storage drive, it’s best to repeat the procedure in macOS Recovery.
How To Run Check for Disk Errors in macOS Recovery
If your Mac fails to boot into macOS, that usually indicates a severe problem with the internal storage. When that happens, you must invoke Disk Utility and check for disk errors via macOS Recovery. You must also use it if repairing the drive from within macOS fails.
macOS Recovery is an advanced recovery environment independent of the Mac’s operating system. However, the procedure to get into macOS Recovery is different for Apple Silicon and Intel Macs.
Enter macOS Recovery – Apple Silicon Macs
1. Turn off your Mac. If your Mac appears stuck at startup, press and hold the Power button to force shut it down.
2. Press and hold the Power button until you see the Loading startup options message flashes on the screen.
3. On the Startup Options screen, choose Options and select Continue.
4. Select your Mac’s user account, type in your password, and press Enter. macOS Recovery should load momentarily.
5. Choose the option labeled Disk Utility and select Continue.
Enter macOS Recovery – Intel Macs
1. Turn off your Mac. If your Mac appears stuck, hold the Power button to force shut it down.
2. Turn your Mac on, but immediately press and hold Command + R until you see the Apple logo. macOS Recovery should load momentarily.
3. If prompted, select your Mac’s user account and enter its password to proceed. Then, pick the option labeled Disk Utility and select Continue.
Run First Aid – Apple Silicon and Intel Macs
After loading Disk Utility in macOS Recovery on your Apple Silicon or Intel Mac, follow the steps below to check the internal storage for disk errors.
1. Open the View menu in Disk Utility and select Show All Devices.
2. Select the final volume under the internal storage drive.
3. Select First Aid.
4. Select Run.
5. Wait for Disk Utility to finish checking for disk errors and select Done.
6. Repeatedly run First Aid on the other volumes and containers within the drive.
7. Run First Aid on the entire storage drive.
If Disk Utility finds and fixes disk errors, open the Apple menu and select Restart to reboot your Mac.
What Else Can You Do?
If Disk Utility fails to repair your Mac’s internal storage drive (or if repairing the drive continues to prevent you from booting into macOS), try running an FSCK scan in Single User Mode (press Command + S at startup and execute the /sbin/fsck -fy command). It’s a command-line tool capable of fixing additional drive-related errors.
If that fails, reload Disk Utility in macOS Recovery and erase the drive (pick the Macintosh HD volume group and select Erase). Then, exit Disk Utility and use the Reinstall macOS option to reinstall macOS. If you had Time Machine set up, you could restore your data after reinstallation. For more details, check our complete guide to using macOS Recovery.
