苹果(Apple)最近发现自己因为做了许多客户长期以来一直怀疑的事情而陷入困境：降低旧款 iPhone 的性能。在爆料之后，苹果解释(Apple explained)说，只有当设备的电池电量下降到全速运行可能导致设备关闭的程度时，它才会限制iPhone 的性能。(iPhone performance)
苹果(Apple)坚称这是为了防止客户不得不过早升级，专家称这是解决难题的正确方法，客户提起诉讼，新闻机构继续强调“电池门”丑闻。
虽然Apple已经同意更加透明，但这个问题已经提高了对适当电池维护必要性的认识，包括尽一切可能延长设备电池的使用寿命，无论是笔记本电脑、手机还是平板电脑。
锂离子电池
锂离子 ( Li-ion ) 和衍生的锂离子聚合物 ( LiPo ) 电池是目前在现代笔记本电脑、平板电脑和手机中使用最多的电池。与以前的技术相比，这些电池具有多项优势，包括更快的充电速度和更长的使用寿命。
许多使用锂离子(Li-ion)电池的设备会在前 80% 到 90% 的电量快速充电，然后对剩余的 10% 或 20% 进行涓流充电，从而使电池电量耗尽的设备能够比以前的技术更快地使用。
锂电池的另一个好处是它们没有像以前的电池那样的“记忆”，例如镍氢 ( NiMH )。NiMH电池在完全放电后再完全充电时表现最佳。否则，如果电池仅部分放电，电池将逐渐失去其全部容量，记住部分充电的较小容量。
由于锂离子(Li-ion)电池的特性，有一些特定的方法可以帮助维持它们的健康。
如何保持电池健康
避免极端温度(Avoid Extreme Temperatures) - 许多锂离子(Li-ion)电池设计为在 32º 至 95º F 范围内运行。虽然低温会导致设备暂时减少电池容量（并意外关机），但极高的温度会导致永久性损坏。因此，请避免将您的设备放在炎热、封闭的区域。
定期检查以确保笔记本电脑的通风口干净且没有灰尘或其他障碍物也是一个好主意。同样(Likewise)，某些类型的外壳——无论是手机、平板电脑还是笔记本电脑——都会限制气流并保持热量。虽然在日常操作中通常不是问题，但充电时产生的额外热量可能会被这种情况放大。
使用正确的充电器(Use the Right Charger)——因为锂离子(Li-ion)电池设计用于最后 10% 或 20% 的涓流充电，所以充电器需要能够检测到并相应地调整充电。设备制造商的充电器可以保证为其相应的设备正确充电，但对于便宜的第三方充电器则不能这样说，您可能会在当地加油站或卡车停靠站遇到此类充电器。
通常，这些便宜的充电器(cheap chargers)会在设备达到满容量后很长时间内尝试继续为设备充电，这通常被称为“过度充电”。发生这种情况时，它会产生额外的热量，从而导致损坏。因此，在可能的情况下，请使用制造商提供的充电器。如果您确实使用第三方充电器，请务必选择由知名且受人尊敬的第三方供应商制造的充电器。
半充电存储(Store It Half-Charged)——由于锂离子电池存储能量的性质，最好将它们长期存储在半充电状态。在电量耗尽时存储它们可能会导致它们降至每节电池 2.5 伏的阈值以下，从而使电池完全停止充电。
如果发生这种情况，只有专门的电池分析软件才有希望挽救电池。相反，将其长时间存放在完全充电状态会导致锂离子电池慢慢失去一些容量。
偶尔给电池放电(Occasionally Discharge the Battery)——在正常情况下，与以前的技术不同，为了获得最佳性能，锂离子电池不应完全放电。理想情况下(Ideally)，带有锂离子电池的笔记本电脑、手机或平板电脑应在 30% 到 90% 的充电范围内运行。这有助于“锻炼”电池并保持其中的电子移动。
虽然这是在正常情况下运行锂离子电池的最佳方式，但大多数电池专家确实建议每 30 个左右循环将其完全放电一次。虽然这对电池容量没有任何直接影响，但它会重新校准充当电池功率计的内部软件。
随着时间的推移，功率计对剩余容量的估计可能会变得稍微不准确。将电池放电到截止点允许内部软件自行重置并与电池的实际容量同步。
锂离子电池与前几代相比有了显着的改进。事实上，一些制造商声称，即使经过 1,000 次充电循环，他们的设备仍将保留 80% 的原始容量。即便如此，像所有电池一样，锂离子确实会退化并失去容量。但是，遵循上述步骤将帮助您维护(maintain)设备的电池并尽可能获得最佳性能和使用寿命。享受！
How to Maintain the Battery Life of Your iPhone, iPad and MacBook
Apрle recеntly found itself in hot water for doing what many customers had long suspected: slowing down older iPhоnes’ performance. In the aftermath of the revelation, Apple explained that it only throttled iPhone performance when the device’s battery had degraded to the point that running at full speed could cause the device to shut down.
Apple insisted that this was to prevent customers from having to prematurely upgrade, experts weighed in saying it was the correct solution to a difficult problem, customers filed lawsuits and news agencies continued to highlight the “battery-gate” scandal.
While Apple has agreed to be more transparent, the issue has raised awareness of the need for proper battery maintenance, including doing everything possible to prolong the useful life of your device’s battery, whether it be a laptop, phone, or tablet.
Lithium Ion Batteries
Lithium-ion (Li-ion), and the derivative lithium-ion polymer (LiPo), batteries are currently the most popular variety used in modern laptops, tablets, and phones. These batteries have several benefits over previous technology, including faster charging and longer life.
Many devices using Li-ion batteries rapidly charge the first 80 to 90 percent, then trickle charge the remaining 10 or 20 percent, allowing a device with a depleted battery to be usable much faster than with previous technology.
Another benefit of lithium-based batteries is the fact that they do not have a “memory” like previous batteries, such as nickel-metal hydride (NiMH). NiMH batteries performed best when they were fully discharged and then fully recharged. Otherwise, if a battery was only partially discharged, the battery would gradually lose its full capacity, remembering the smaller capacity of the partial recharge.
Because of Li-ion batteries’ characteristics, there are specific ways to help maintain their health.
How to Maintain Battery Health
Avoid Extreme Temperatures – Many Li-ion batteries are designed to operate in the 32º to 95º F range. While cold temperatures can cause a device to temporarily experience a reduced battery capacity (and shutdown unexpectedly), extremely high temperatures can result in permanent damage. As a result, avoid leaving your device in hot, enclosed areas.
It’s also a good idea to periodically check to make sure a laptop’s air vents are clean and free from dust or other obstructions. Likewise, some kinds of cases—whether for phone, tablet, or laptop—can restrict airflow and hold in heat. While not normally a problem in day-to-day operation, the extra heat generated when charging can be amplified by such cases.
Use the Right Charger – Because Li-ion batteries are designed to trickle charge the last 10 or 20 percent, a charger needs to have the ability to detect that and adjust the charge accordingly. A device manufacturer’s chargers are guaranteed to properly charge their corresponding device, but the same cannot be said for a cheap, third-party charger, the likes of which you might come across at a local gas station or truck stop.
Often, these cheap chargers will attempt to continue charging a device long after it has reached full capacity, often referred to as “overcharging.” When this happens, it generates extra heat that can cause damage. Therefore, where possible, use a charger from the manufacturer. If you do use a third-party charger, be sure to select one that is made by a well-known, respected third-party vendor.
Store It Half-Charged – Because of the nature of how Li-ion batteries store energy, it’s best to store them long-term in a half-charged state. Storing them when they are depleted can cause them to drop below the 2.5 volt-per-cell threshold whereby the battery will stop holding a charge altogether.
Should this occur, only special battery analyzing software will have any hope of salvaging the battery. Conversely, storing it in a fully charged state for an extended period can cause a Li-ion battery to slowly lose some of its capacity.
Occasionally Discharge the Battery – Under normal circumstances, and unlike previous technologies, for best performance, a Li-ion battery should not be fully discharged. Ideally, a laptop, phone, or tablet with a Li-ion battery should run between the 30 and 90 percent charge range. This serves to “exercise” the battery and keep the electrons within it moving.
While this is the best way to run a Li-ion battery under normal circumstances, most battery experts do recommend completely discharging it once every 30 or so cycles. While this does not have any direct impact on the battery’s capacity, it does recalibrate the internal software that acts as the battery’s power meter.
Over time, the power meter may become slightly inaccurate in its estimations of the remaining capacity. Discharging the battery to the cutoff point allows that internal software to reset itself and get back in sync with the battery’s actual capacity.
Li-ion batteries represent a significant improvement over previous generations. In fact, some manufacturers claim that even after 1,000 charge cycles their devices will still retain 80% of their original capacity. Even so, like all batteries, Li-ions do degrade and lose their capacity. Following the above steps, however, will help you maintain your device’s battery and eke out the best performance and longevity possible. Enjoy!
