当您尝试打开文件或设备路径时，您的 PC 是否给您错误“ Windows 无法访问指定的设备、路径或文件”？(Windows cannot access the specified device, path, or file)您可能没有访问所选文件的适当权限，(permissions to access the selected file)或者您尝试访问的设备根本没有连接到您的 PC。
Windows显示上述错误的原因有多种。请遵循以下一些常见的修复方法来解决问题。
更改文件权限(Change the File Permission)
当您尝试打开您没有正确权限的文件时，Windows 可能会显示“ Windows 无法访问指定的设备路径或文件”错误。(Windows Cannot Access the Specified Device Path or File)您可以启用文件的所有权限，这应该可以解决您的问题。
Windows 使更改文件权限(change file permissions)变得容易，您无需使用命令行方法即可完成此操作。
- 打开包含有问题文件的文件夹。
- 右键单击该文件并选择Properties。
- 选择顶部的安全选项卡。(Security)
- 从组或用户名(Group or user names)部分，选择您的用户帐户并选择编辑(Edit)按钮。
- 在打开的新窗口中选择您的用户帐户。(your user account)
- 在底部的权限(Permissions)部分中，删除拒绝(Deny)列中的所有复选标记。
- 选择应用(Apply)，然后在底部选择确定。(OK)也在“属性(Properties)”窗口中执行此操作。
- 尝试重新打开有问题的文件以查看问题是否已解决。
插入可移动驱动器(Plug-In the Removable Drive)
如果您在使用快捷方式时遇到“ Windows无法访问指定的设备路径(Specified Device Path)或文件”问题，则可能是该快捷方式指向可移动驱动器上的文件，并且该驱动器不再连接到您的 PC。
在这种情况下，Windows无法在您的快捷方式后面找到实际文件，并最终显示一条错误消息。您可以通过将可移动驱动器插(plugging your removable drive)回计算机来解决此问题。
插入驱动器并在文件资源管理器(File Explorer)中看到它后，运行有问题的文件，它应该可以正常打开。
将计算机或 NAS 连接到网络(Connect the Computer or NAS to the Network)
Windows无法打开文件的另一个可能原因是您已将文件保存在网络计算机或NAS 设备(NAS device)上，而该设备当前未连接到网络。双击文件快捷方式时，Windows 找不到实际文件。
解决此问题的最简单方法是将存储文件的另一台计算机连接到您的网络(connect the other computer, where the file is stored, to your network)。计算机或NAS在网络上备份后，运行有问题的文件，它应该可以毫无问题地打开。
验证快捷方式的实际文件(Verify the Shortcut’s Actual File)
如果您的 PC 无法打开快捷方式，则快捷方式后面的实际文件很可能不再可用。
验证快捷方式后面文件是否存在的一种简单方法是使用文件资源管理器(File Explorer)窗口。
- 在文件资源管理器(File Explorer)中找到您的快捷方式。
- 右键单击(Right-click)快捷方式并选择Properties。
- 在属性(Properties)窗口中选择快捷方式(Shortcut)选项卡。
- 选择目标(Target)框。复制文件的完整路径，但不要复制实际的文件名。
- 打开文件资源管理器(File Explorer)窗口，选择顶部的地址栏，按Ctrl + V粘贴复制的路径，按Enter。
- 当文件夹打开时，如果相应快捷方式的文件丢失，您当前的快捷方式将无法使用。
- 如果您看到该文件，则您的快捷方式可能存在问题。通过右键单击文件并选择发送到(Send to)>桌面（创建快捷方式）(Desktop (create shortcut)) ，在桌面上创建一个新的文件快捷方式。
取消阻止文件(Unblock the File)
当文件来自不受信任的来源（如 Internet）时，Windows往往会阻止对该文件的访问。这是为了保护您的 PC(protect your PC)免受任何潜在威胁。
当您尝试打开不受信任的文件时，这种阻止不受信任的文件可能会导致Windows显示“ Windows无法访问指定的设备、路径或文件”错误。
您可以告诉Windows该文件可以安全打开，Windows将为您解除阻止该文件。
- 右键单击(Right-click)有问题的文件并选择Properties。
- 选择顶部的常规选项卡。(General)
- 在底部，选中取消阻止(Unblock)选项。
- 选择应用(Apply)，然后选择确定(OK)。
- 双击您的文件，它应该会打开。
关闭防病毒软件(Turn Off Antivirus)
有时，您的防病毒程序会将安全文件检测为可疑文件，并阻止 Windows 读取该文件，从而导致错误消息。
要解决此问题：
- 暂时关闭您的防病毒(turn off your antivirus)程序。
- 尝试打开文件以查看它是否打开。
- 如果是，请将该文件列入防病毒程序的白名单，以免将其检测为威胁。您通常可以从防病毒工具的设置菜单中将文件和应用程序列入白名单。(settings menu)您也可以只搜索您的防病毒程序名称，后跟“白名单应用程序”并获取正确的步骤。
您现在可以访问以前无法访问的文件吗？如果是这样，请在下面的评论中告诉我们您是如何解决此问题的。
How to Fix “Windows Cannot Access the Specified Device Path or File” Error
Does your PC give you the error “Windows cannot access the specified device, path, or file” when you try to open a file or device path? Chances are you don’t have the proper permissions to access the selected file or that the device you’re trying to access is not connected to your PC at all.
There are various reasons Windows displays the error mentioned above. Follow a few common fixes below to get rid of the problem.
Change the File Permission
Windows can display the “Windows Cannot Access the Specified Device Path or File” error when you attempt to open a file for which you don’t have the right permissions. You can enable all permissions for the file and that should fix your issue.
Windows makes it easy to change file permissions, and you can do this without using a command-line method.
- Open the folder containing the problematic file.
- Right-click the file and select Properties.
- Select the Security tab at the top.
- From the Group or user names section, select your user account and select the Edit button.
- Select your user account in the new window that opens.
- In the Permissions section at the bottom, remove all checkmarks from the Deny column.
- Select Apply followed by OK at the bottom. Do this on the Properties window, too.
- Try reopening the problematic file to see if the issue has been resolved.
Plug-In the Removable Drive
If you’re experiencing the “Windows Cannot Access the Specified Device Path or File” issue with a shortcut, it might be that the shortcut leads to a file that was on a removable drive, and that drive is no longer connected to your PC.
In this case, Windows fails to find the actual file behind your shortcut and ends up showing an error message. You can fix the issue by plugging your removable drive back into your computer.
Once the drive is plugged in and you see it in File Explorer, run the problematic file and it should open just fine.
Connect the Computer or NAS to the Network
Another possible reason Windows can’t open your file is that you have saved the file on a network computer or NAS device, and that device is currently not connected to the network. Windows can’t find the actual file when you double-click the file shortcut.
The easiest way to fix this issue is to connect the other computer, where the file is stored, to your network. Once the computer or NAS is back up on the network, run your problematic file and it should open without issues.
Verify the Shortcut’s Actual File
If your PC fails to open a shortcut, there’s a high chance that the actual file behind the shortcut is no longer available.
An easy way to verify the file’s existence behind the shortcut is by using a File Explorer window.
- Locate your shortcut in File Explorer.
- Right-click the shortcut and select Properties.
- Select the Shortcut tab on the Properties window.
- Select the Target box. Copy the full path to the file, but don’t copy the actual file name.
- Open a File Explorer window, select the address bar at the top, press Ctrl + V to paste the copied path, press Enter.
- When the folder opens, your current shortcut won’t work if the file for the corresponding shortcut is missing.
- If you see the file, there might be an issue with your shortcut. Create a new file shortcut on your desktop by right-clicking the file and selecting Send to > Desktop (create shortcut).
Unblock the File
When a file comes from an untrusted source, like the internet, Windows tends to block access to the file. This is to protect your PC from any potential threats.
This blocking of untrusted files can cause Windows to display the “Windows cannot access the specified device, path, or file” error when you try to open an untrusted file.
You can tell Windows that the file is safe to open and Windows will unblock the file for you.
- Right-click the problematic file and select Properties.
- Select the General tab at the top.
- At the bottom, check the Unblock option.
- Select Apply and then select OK.
- Double-click your file and it should open.
Turn Off Antivirus
Sometimes your antivirus program detects safe files as suspicious files and prevents Windows from reading the file, causing the error message.
To fix this issue:
- Temporarily turn off your antivirus program.
- Try to open the file to see if it opens.
- If it does, whitelist that file in your antivirus program so that it doesn’t detect it as a threat. You can usually whitelist files and apps from the settings menu of your antivirus tool. You can also just Google your antivirus program name followed by “whitelist app” and get the correct steps.
Can you now access the file that was inaccessible before? If so, please let us know how you fixed the issue in the comments below.
