您想切换到Linux但又不想丢失您最喜欢的Windows应用程序吗？现在，您可以两全其美。Linux知道如何处理大多数种类的Windows软件，并且只需稍加调整就可以运行几乎任何你扔给它的东西。
如果您对双引导（在您的计算机中同时拥有两个系统）不感兴趣，或者您只是想尝试一下Linux具有运行Windows软件的各种功能，那么本文将为您提供您需要了解的内容的一个很好的概述.
试试酒(Try Wine)
Wine是一个开源兼容性层，它使用户能够直接从他们的Linux桌面运行Windows应用程序。(Windows)
目前有数千个完全支持的应用程序( fully supported applications)在Wine上运行。Wine非常人性化。
请注意，如果一个程序需要许可证密钥才能在Windows上合法运行，则您必须拥有该程序或应用程序的许可证密钥才能通过Wine合法地运行它。
对于本文，我们将使用Ubuntu。但是，其他Linux发行版的安装应该非常相似。
如何通过 GUI 在 Ubuntu Linux 上安装 Wine(How To Install Wine On Ubuntu Linux Via GUI)
你可以在你的Ubuntu 软件中心(Ubuntu Software Center)找到Wine。但是，默认可用的版本可能不是最新版本。
为避免安装旧版本的Wine，您需要添加官方的 Wine 存储库( official Wine repository)。您可以使用命令行或图形用户界面(Graphical User Interface)( GUI ) 将其添加到您的系统中。以下是使用 GUI 方法要遵循的步骤。( steps to follow)
在应用程序(Applications)菜单中键入软件。(software)
下一步是单击Software & Updates，然后单击Other Software选项卡并选择Add。在APT行部分，添加以下内容，然后单击Add Source。
ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa
输入您的 sudo 密码，该密码与您在安装Ubuntu时设置的密码相同。它通常与您登录时使用的相同。
单击验证(Authenticate)，然后单击关闭(Close)。
然后将提示您重新加载(Reload)，然后打开软件中心(Software Center)。搜索Wine，然后单击install。等待(Wait)安装完成。
通过命令行安装(Installing Via Command Line)
通过命令行安装只需几个步骤即可完成。
首先，下载 wine 存储库密钥并将其添加到您的系统中。
wget -nc https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/winehq.key
sudo apt-key add winehq.key
然后将PPA添加到您的包列表中。您需要使用的PPA地址可能会因您使用的Linux版本而异。对于Ubuntu 18.04，您需要仿生(bionic)的。
sudo apt-add-repository 'deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ bionic main'
sudo apt update
然后要安装win，运行以下命令：
sudo apt install – install-recommends winehq-stable
该命令完成后，安装完成。您可以打开Wine程序。
如果最后的安装步骤抱怨找不到正确的 wine 包或不正确的体系结构，请通过运行以下命令启用 32 位额外库。然后再次尝试安装。
sudo dpkg – add-architecture i386
选择您的 Windows 应用程序(Select Your Windows Application)
如上所述，Wine拥有大约 24,000 个已知应用程序的数据库。您可以在WineHQ(WineHQ)网站 上找到该数据库。
它们按照在Wine中运行时的运行情况进行排序或排名，如下所示：
- 白金：无缝运行
- 金：需要一些特殊配置
- 银牌：报告了一些小问题
- 铜牌：影响使用的重大问题
- 垃圾：根本不能在 Wine 上运行
让我们向您展示如何使用包含在白金(Platinum)类别中的应用程序。
单击应用程序数据库(Application Database)左侧边栏中的浏览应用(Browse Apps)(Browse Apps)程序。
在名称(Name)字段中输入您要查找的应用程序的名称。我们将选择白金(Platinum)评级并搜索Notepad++。
查看下面的屏幕截图，您将在其中看到搜索结果。
当您单击Notepad++时，您将看到应用程序描述、可用版本列表（如果有多个）以及它与Wine版本的兼容性。
选择要下载的应用程序版本后，单击它。在这种情况下，我们将选择 7.x 版本。请注意，在下面的屏幕截图中，您会看到一个可点击的下载链接。
如何通过 Wine 下载和使用应用程序(How To Download & Use An App With Wine)
选择要安装的版本。这通常是最新版本。在这种情况下，它是版本 7.7.1。下载应用程序后，默认情况下，它将保存在您的下载文件夹中。
找到该文件（它将是一个压缩(zipped)文件），右键单击它并从菜单选项中选择“在此处提取”。(Extract here)
解压文件后，找到notepad++.exe文件。右键单击它，然后选择Open with Wine Windows Program Loader。
打开文件后，您将能够在Linux机器上使用Windows应用Notepad++
由于Wine并不总是运行最新版本的Windows应用程序并且有些运行缓慢，您可能需要考虑使用CrossOver。
在 Ubuntu 发行版中使用 CrossOver(Use CrossOver In Ubuntu Distribution)
CrossOver是CodeWeavers的商业产品。它的价格为 41.97 美元，并提供功能齐全的 14 天免费试用。如上所述， 它基于Wine 。
CrossOver增强了以下功能：
与Wine相比，CrossOver更加人性化、自动化，并提供技术支持。
要开始免费试用，请转到CodeWeavers，选择您的Linux 发行版(Linux Distribution)，然后输入您的姓名和电子邮件。
有许多Linux发行版可用。默认的包管理系统或安装软件工具将取决于您使用的Linux类型。(Linux)
下载跨界(Download CrossOver)
您应该使用系统的默认安装程序从适当的.DEB或.RPM文件安装(.RPM)CrossOver 。对于Ubuntu，您需要 . DEB格式。
大多数时候，您需要做的就是下载CrossOver安装程序包并双击它。请务必选择适当的包，32 位或 64 位。
当您双击下载的文件时，它将启动Ubuntu软件中心（默认包管理器。）
单击安装(Install)并在提示进行身份验证时输入您的 root 或 sudo 密码。
安装完成后，关闭Ubuntu 软件中心(Ubuntu Software Center)。
Ubuntu实用程序桌面管理器(Utility Desktop Manager)中的CrossOver菜单项按名字的字母顺序排列。在CrossOver中键入无济于事。您将需要调出安装程序菜单。在搜索框中输入 安装。(install)
您必须手动搜索CrossOver菜单项。要了解有关不同CrossOver菜单项的更多信息，请阅读常见问题解答( read the FAQs)。
在安装过程中，请务必选择始终更新(Always Update)以确保软件安装程序是最新的。您现在已准备好在Ubuntu Linux机器上安装和使用Windows应用程序。
使用 CrossOver 安装 Windows 软件(Install Windows Software Using CrossOver)
完成安装后，CrossOver将自动启动。您只会看到一个按钮。它说安装 Windows 软件(Install Windows Software)。
当您单击按钮时，将执行三个步骤。第一步，在数据库中搜索您想要的应用程序。
如果您想要的应用程序在数据库中，您将受益于已经加载和测试的特殊配置，并且您的应用程序将运行良好。如果安装程序不在您的系统中，您可以选择让CrossOver为您下载。
如果要安装和使用数据库中未包含的应用程序，请在第一步中键入它，然后选择选择安装程序(Select Installer)作为第二步。
第三步(Step three)涉及瓶子的选择。瓶子是具有独特配置的应用容器。Crossover 中的不同瓶子( different bottles in Crossover)允许不同版本的Windows的兼容性多样性。
接下来您将看到一个摘要屏幕。单击(Click)安装以开始安装(Install )您选择的应用程序。
一旦您安装了您想要使用的Windows应用程序，就会创建一个具有相同名称的新瓶子。(Windows)点击(Click)瓶子(bottles)按钮。然后单击运行命令(Run Command)。
您现在可以在“c:”分区中找到已安装应用程序中的可执行文件。
选择要运行的可执行文件后，您可以为其创建启动器或直接运行它。
您可以在运行命令(Run Command.)旁边的程序部分中找到启动器。(Programs)您还可以在下面的屏幕截图中看到特定瓶子的配置工具。
如果您单击Wine 配置(Wine configuration)，它将使您能够为任何选定的瓶子设置新配置。如果您想运行运行不佳的特定应用程序，这会很有帮助。
有关配置的更多信息并获取有关库覆盖的建议，请访问winehq.org。
How To Install Windows Applications in Linux
Do yoυ want to switch to Lіnux but don’t want to lose your faνоrite Windows apps? Now you can have the beѕt of both worlds. Linux knows how to handle most species of Windows software and with a few tweaks can run just about anything you throw at it.
If you are not interested in dual-booting (having both systems in your computer) or you just want to experiment with the kinds of capabilities that Linux has for running Windows software, this article will give you a good overview of what you need to know.
Try Wine
Wine is an open-source compatibility layer that enables users to run Windows apps directly from their Linux desktop.
There are currently thousands of fully supported applications that run on Wine. Wine is very user-friendly.
Note that if a program requires a license key to legally run on Windows, you must have a license key for the program or app to legally run it through Wine.
For this article, we will use Ubuntu. However, the installation for other Linux distros should be very similar.
How To Install Wine On Ubuntu Linux Via GUI
You can find Wine in your Ubuntu Software Center. However, the version available by default might not be the latest one.
To avoid installing an older version of Wine, you will want to add the official Wine repository. You can use the command-line or Graphical User Interface (GUI) to add it to your system. Below are the steps to follow using the GUI method.
Type software into the Applications menu.
The next step is to click on Software & Updates, then the Other Software tab and select Add. In the APT line section, add the following and then click Add Source.
ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa
Enter your sudo password, which is the same password that you set when you installed Ubuntu. It is usually the same one you used to log in.
Click Authenticate and then Close.
You will then be prompted to Reload and then open the Software Center. Do a search for Wine and then click install. Wait for the installation to be completed.
Installing Via Command Line
Installation via command line can be done in just a few steps.
First, download the wine repository key and add it to your system.
wget -nc https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/winehq.key
sudo apt-key add winehq.key
Then add the PPA to your package lists. The PPA address that you need to use may differ depending on what version of Linux you are using. For Ubuntu 18.04, you want the bionic one.
sudo apt-add-repository 'deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ bionic main'
sudo apt update
Then to install win, run the following command:
sudo apt install – install-recommends winehq-stable
After that command completes, the installation is finished. You can open the Wine program.
If the final install step complains that it cannot find the correct wine packages or about incorrect architectures, enable the 32-bit extra libraries by running the following command. Then try the install again.
sudo dpkg – add-architecture i386
Select Your Windows Application
As mentioned above, Wine has a database of approximately 24,000 known apps. You can find this database on the WineHQ website.
They are sorted or ranked by how well they work when running in Wine and are as follows:
- Platinum: runs seamlessly
- Gold: requires some special configuration
- Silver: some minor issues have been reported
- Bronze: significant problems that affect usage
- Garbage: doesn’t run at all on Wine
Let’s show you how to use an app that is included in the Platinum category.
Click Browse Apps from the left sidebar in the Application Database.
Type the name of the app you are looking for in the Name field. We are going to choose the Platinum rating and search for Notepad++.
Look at the screenshot below where you will see your search results.
When you click on Notepad++, you will see the application description, a list of available versions (if more than one), and how compatible it is with the version of Wine.
Once you select the version of the app you want to download, click on it. In this case, we will choose version 7.x. Note in the screenshot below that you are provided with a clickable download link.
How To Download & Use An App With Wine
Select the version you want to install. This is usually the latest version. In this case, it is version 7.7.1. Once you download the application, by default, it will be saved in your downloads folder.
Find the file (it will be a zipped file), right-click on it and choose Extract here from the menu options.
After you have extracted the files, find the notepad++.exe file. Right-click on it and then select Open with Wine Windows Program Loader.
After you open the file, you will be able to use the Windows app Notepad++ on your Linux machine.
Since Wine doesn’t always run the latest version of Windows apps and some run sluggishly, you might want to consider using CrossOver.
Use CrossOver In Ubuntu Distribution
CrossOver is a commercial product from CodeWeavers. It costs $41.97 and has a fully functional 14-day free trial. It is based on Wine, as explained above.
CrossOver has enhanced functionality that:
- Adds configuration tools
- Modifies Wine source code
- Applies compatibility patches
Compared to Wine, CrossOver is more user-friendly, automated, and provides technical support.
To start your free trial, go to CodeWeavers, select your Linux Distribution, and enter your name and email.
There are many Linux distributions available. The default package management system or install software tool will depend upon the type of Linux you are using.
Download CrossOver
You should install CrossOver from the appropriate .DEB or .RPM file using your system’s default installer program. For Ubuntu, you want the .DEB format.
Most of the time, all you need to do is download the CrossOver installer package and double-click on it. Be sure to select the appropriate package, 32 or 64-bit.
When you double-click on the downloaded file, it will launch the Ubuntu software center (the default package manager.)
Click on Install and put in your root or sudo password when prompted to authenticate.
Once the installation is complete, close the Ubuntu Software Center.
The CrossOver menu items in Ubuntu’s Utility Desktop Manager are alphabetically organized by first name.Typing in CrossOver won’t help. You will need to bring up the installer menu. Type install in the search box.
You will have to search manually for CrossOver menu items. To learn more about different CrossOver menu items, read the FAQs.
During the installation process, be sure to select Always Update to ensure that the software installer is up to date. You are now ready to install and use Windows apps on your Ubuntu Linux machine.
Install Windows Software Using CrossOver
Once you have completed the installation, CrossOver will auto-start. You will only see one button. It says Install Windows Software.
When you click the button, there will be three steps to follow. In step one, search for your desired app in the database.
If your desired app is in the database, you will benefit from the special configurations already loaded and tested, and your app will work well. If the installer is not in your system, you can choose to let CrossOver download it for you.
If you want to install and use an application that isn’t included in the database, type it in step one and then choose Select Installer as step two.
Step three involves the bottle selection. Bottles are app containers with unique configurations. The different bottles in Crossover allow for compatibility diversity for different versions of Windows.
You will next see a summary screen. Click on Install to start the installation of the app you have chosen.
Once you have installed the Windows apps you want to use, a new bottle is created with the same name. Click on the bottles button. Then click Run Command.
You will now be able to locate the executable files in installed applications in the “c:” partition.
Once you choose the executable file you want to run, you can do so by creating a Launcher for it or running it directly.
You can find the launcher in the Programs section next to Run Command. You can also see in the screenshot below the configuration tool for a specific bottle.
If you click on Wine configuration, it will enable you to set new configurations for any chosen bottle. This can be helpful if you want to run a specific application that isn’t running well.
For more information on configurations and to get advice for library overrides, visit winehq.org.
