您的Mac允许您配置本机和第三方程序以与 macOS 一起加载。因此，将任何常用应用程序添加到您的登录项列表中，您就可以在启动到桌面区域后立即开始使用它们。
但另一方面，在启动时启动大量程序可能会损害 Mac 的性能。它们可能会导致macOS 启动时间过长(lengthy macOS boot times)，并且系统资源使用量的增加还可能导致正常使用期间的速度变慢和延迟(slowdowns and delays during regular use)。
在本教程中，您将学习如何在 macOS 中管理启动程序。您将首先了解如何在Mac上启用或禁用启动应用程序。然后，您将探索多种方法来禁用在启动时启动的程序和进程，尽管这些程序和进程并未出现在您的登录项列表中。
在 macOS 中启用或禁用启动程序(Programs)
可以通过将任何程序添加到Mac(Mac)上的登录项目列表中来设置任何程序以与 macOS 一起启动。您可以为此使用系统(System) 偏好设置(Preferences)应用程序或Dock。或者，各种应用程序可能会提供内置选项，您可以激活这些选项以使它们在启动时加载。
如果您想在Mac启动时阻止程序加载，您所要做的就是使用相同的说明将它们从登录项列表中删除。
访问系统偏好设置应用程序(System Preferences App)中的登录项目列表(Login Items List)
Mac上的“系统(System) 偏好设置”(Preferences)应用程序可让您将应用程序添加到与您的用户帐户相关的启动项目列表中。您还可以使用它来禁止程序在启动时加载。
1.通过 Apple 菜单或 Dock打开系统偏好设置。(System Preferences)
2. 选择用户和组(Users & Groups)。
3. 选择您的用户帐户并切换到登录项目(Login Items)选项卡。
4. 选择登录项目列表下方的添加(Add )( +
5. 选择Finder边栏上的应用程序(Applications)。然后，选择您希望Mac在启动时加载的应用程序，例如Mail。
6. 选择添加(Add)。
然后，您将看到该程序在登录项列表中显示为Mac启动应用程序。如果您希望Mac在启动时加载程序后隐藏程序，请选中“隐藏(Hide)”列下的复选框。
如果要禁用登录项列表中的启动程序，只需突出显示它并选择减号(Minus)按钮。
使用Mac Dock添加和删除(Add)启动程序(Remove Startup Programs)
将应用程序添加到 Mac 的启动程序列表的更快方法是通过 Mac 的Dock与其交互。您也可以使用相同的步骤从列表中删除应用程序。
1.按住 Control(Control)键单击或右键单击Dock上的程序图标。如果它不存在，请先通过Launchpad启动它。
2. 指向选项(Options)。
3. 激活标有在登录时打开(Open at Login)的子选项。
如果您想禁止程序在启动时启动，请再次选择在登录时打开(Open at Login)以停用菜单选项。
在应用程序(Application)首选项中查找启动(Startup Option)选项
各种应用程序（例如位于菜单栏上的程序）可能提供内置选项，能够启用或禁用它们在Mac启动时自动加载。
1. 在您的 Mac 上启动该程序。
2.通过菜单栏加载应用程序的设置(Settings)或首选项窗格。(Preferences)
3.找到(Locate)并激活允许应用程序在启动时自行启动的选项。如果要将其作为启动程序禁用，请禁用该选项。例如，Unclutter在“(Unclutter)常规(General)”选项卡下具有启动时启动 Unclutter(Launch Unclutter at startup)选项，您可以打开或关闭该选项。
(Additional Ways)禁用启动程序的(Startup Programs)其他方法
某些程序和第三方服务（例如应用程序自动更新工具）会在启动时自动启动，尽管它们并未包含在 Mac 的登录项目列表中。如果它们会影响 Mac 的启动时间，请使用以下方法将其删除。
检查您的Mac是否有启动代理(Launch Agents)和守护程序(Daemons)
已安装的程序Mac可以使用启动代理和守护程序（通过PLIST文件）在启动时自行启动。这些文件存在于多个位置，删除它们可能会导致系统不稳定。但从Mac用户帐户内的 LaunchAgents 和LaunchDaemons库文件夹中删除PLIST文件通常是安全的。(PLIST)无论如何，最好在继续之前为您的 Mac 创建一个 Time Machine 备份。(create a Time Machine backup of your Mac)
1.按住 Control(Control)并单击Dock上的(Dock)Finder图标，然后选择Go > Go to Folder。
2. 输入以下路径并按Enter：
~/Library/LaunchAgents
3. 识别与程序相关的任何PLIST文件。然后，按住 Control(Control)键单击或右键单击每个文件并选择Move to Trash。
4.接下来访问以下目录：
~/Library/LaunchDaemons
5.删除(Delete)与启动程序相关的任何其他PLIST文件。(PLIST)
使用第三方实用程序(Startup Programs Using Third-Party Utility)禁用启动程序
如果您发现使用Finder删除程序的启动代理和守护程序具有挑战性，请尝试使用免费版本的第三方Mac优化工具，例如MacKeeper、CleanMyMac X或Nektony。例如，这是MacKeeper的实际应用。
1. 下载并安装MacKeeper。出现提示时，提供对 Mac 用户帐户文件夹的程序访问权限。
2. 切换到侧边栏的登录项目(Login Items)选项卡。然后，选择开始扫描(Start Scan)。
3.查看(Review)启动时加载的应用和服务列表。
4. 在您要删除的每个程序旁边打勾。
5. 选择删除所选项目(Remove Selected Items)。
对恶意软件(Malicious Software)执行彻底扫描(Scan)
假设一个不寻常的程序或进程在启动时继续与 macOS 一起加载。在这种情况下，通常最好通过对恶意软件进行彻底扫描来排除可能的恶意软件感染(rule out a possible malware infection)。Malwarebytes是一款出色的恶意软件清除实用程序，可以帮助您做到这一点。
1.在您的 Mac 上下载并安装Malwarebytes的免费版本。(Malwarebytes)
2. 打开Malwarebytes并提供Full Disk Access的实用程序权限。
2. 选择标有扫描(Scan)的按钮。
3.等到(Wait)Malwarebytes完成对您的Mac的恶意软件扫描。然后，按照屏幕上的说明删除恶意程序和启动进程。
(Repeat Above Instructions)在安全模式下(Safe Mode)重复上述说明
如果您仍然遇到特定启动程序的问题，最好通过在Mac上进入安全模式(Safe Mode)来重复上述说明。这是一个仅加载基本要素以保持Mac正常运行的环境，并且可以更轻松地排除故障并从加载 macOS 中删除顽固的应用程序。Apple Silicon和Intel Mac(Intel Macs)需要不同的过程才能进入安全模式(Safe Mode)。
在 Apple Silicon Mac 上进入安全模式(Enter Safe Mode on Apple Silicon Macs)
1. 关闭你的 Mac。
2. 按住电源(Power)按钮，直到进入启动选项屏幕。
3. 按住Shift键并选择Macintosh HD >以安全模式继续(Continue in Safe Mode)。
在 Intel Mac 上进入安全模式(Enter Safe Mode on Intel Macs)
1. 关闭你的 Mac。
2. 按住Shift键并按下电源(Power)按钮。
3.进入 Mac 的登录屏幕后松开Shift键。(Shift)
将 Mac 引导至安全模式后(After Booting Your Mac Into Safe Mode)
在安全模式下(Safe Mode)，再次完成本教程以禁用启动程序。首先检查您的登录项目列表，查找内置的启动首选项，并在库系统文件夹中搜索启动代理。然后，尝试使用第三方启动管理器或运行恶意软件扫描。有关更多信息，请参阅我们在 Mac 上进入和使用安全模式的指南。(entering and using Safe Mode on Mac)
How to Enable or Disable Startup Programs on macOS
Your Mac lets you сonfigure both native and third-рarty рrogrаms to loаd alongsіde macOS. So add any frequently-usеd apps into yoυr list оf login items, and you get to start using them immediately after booting into the desktop arеa.
But on the flip side, having lots of programs launching at startup can be detrimental to your Mac’s performance. They may result in lengthy macOS boot times, and the increase in system resource usage could also create slowdowns and delays during regular use.
In this tutorial, you will learn how to manage startup programs in macOS. You’ll start by figuring out how to enable or disable startup apps on your Mac. Then, you’ll explore multiple ways to disable programs and processes that launch at startup despite not appearing in your login items list.
Enable or Disable Startup Programs in macOS
It’s possible to set up any program to launch alongside macOS by adding it to the list of login items on your Mac. You can use the System Preferences app or Dock for that. Optionally, various applications may provide built-in options that you can activate to make them load at startup.
If you want to stop programs from loading as your Mac boots, all you’ve got to do is remove them from the login items list using the same set of instructions.
Access the Login Items List in the System Preferences App
The System Preferences app on your Mac lets you add applications to a list of startup items related to your user account. You can also use it to disable programs from loading at startup.
1. Open System Preferences via the Apple menu or Dock.
2. Select Users & Groups.
3. Select your user account and switch to the Login Items tab.
4. Select the Add (+) button underneath the login items list.
5. Select Applications on the Finder sidebar. Then, pick an application you want your Mac to load at startup—e.g., Mail.
6. Select Add.
You’ll then see the program appear as a Mac startup app within the login items list. Select the checkbox under the Hide column if you want your Mac to hide the program after loading it at startup.
If you want to disable a startup program within the list of login items, simply highlight it and select the Minus button.
Use the Mac Dock to Add & Remove Startup Programs
A faster way to add an application to your Mac’s startup programs list is by interacting with it via the Mac’s Dock. You can also use the same steps to remove applications from the list.
1. Control-click or right-click the program’s icon on the Dock. If it’s not present, launch it first via the Launchpad.
2. Point to Options.
3. Activate the sub-option labeled Open at Login.
If you want to disable the program from launching at startup, select Open at Login again to deactivate the menu option.
Look for Startup Option in the Application Preferences
Various apps—such as programs that reside on the menu bar—may offer built-in options capable of enabling or disabling them from loading automatically at Mac startup.
1. Launch the program on your Mac.
2. Load the application’s Settings or Preferences pane via the menu bar.
3. Locate and activate the option that allows the app to launch itself at startup. If you want to disable it as a startup program, deactivate the option. For example, Unclutter features a Launch Unclutter at startup option under the General tab that you can turn on or off.
Additional Ways to Disable Startup Programs
Some programs and third-party services (such as application auto-updater tools) will launch automatically at startup despite not being included in your Mac’s login items list. If they hurt the Mac’s startup time, use the methods below to remove them.
Check Your Mac for Launch Agents and Daemons
Installed programs Mac can use launch agents and daemons (through PLIST files) to launch themselves at startup. These files are present in multiple locations, and deleting them may lead to system instability. But it’s generally safe to remove PLIST files from the LaunchAgents and LaunchDaemons library folders inside your Mac’s user account. Regardless, it’s best to create a Time Machine backup of your Mac before going ahead.
1. Control-click the Finder icon on the Dock and select Go > Go to Folder.
2. Type the following path and press Enter:
~/Library/LaunchAgents
3. Identify any PLIST files related to the programs. Then, Control-click or right-click each file and select Move to Trash.
4. Visit the following directory next:
~/Library/LaunchDaemons
5. Delete any additional PLIST files related to the startup program.
Disable Startup Programs Using Third-Party Utility
If you find it challenging to remove launch agents and daemons of a program using Finder, try using the free version of a third-party Mac optimization tool such as MacKeeper, CleanMyMac X, or Nektony instead. As an example, here’s MacKeeper in action.
1. Download and install MacKeeper. When prompted, provide the program access to your Mac’s user account folders.
2. Switch to the Login Items tab on the sidebar. Then, select Start Scan.
3. Review the list of apps and services that load at startup.
4. Place a checkmark next to each program you want to remove.
5. Select Remove Selected Items.
Perform a Thorough Scan for Malicious Software
Suppose an unusual program or process continues to load alongside macOS at startup. In that case, it’s generally good practice to rule out a possible malware infection by running a thorough scan for malicious software. Malwarebytes is an excellent malware removal utility that can help you do that.
1. Download and install the free version of Malwarebytes on your Mac.
2. Open Malwarebytes and provide the utility permissions for Full Disk Access.
2. Select the button labeled Scan.
3. Wait until Malwarebytes finishes scanning your Mac for malware. Then, follow any on-screen instructions to remove malicious programs and startup processes.
Repeat Above Instructions in Safe Mode
If you still keep running into issues with a particular startup program, it’s best to repeat the above instructions by entering Safe Mode on your Mac. It’s an environment that only loads the bare essentials to keep your Mac functioning, and that makes it easier to troubleshoot and remove adamant applications from loading with macOS. Apple Silicon and Intel Macs require different processes to enter Safe Mode.
Enter Safe Mode on Apple Silicon Macs
1. Turn off your Mac.
2. Press and hold the Power button until you get to the startup options screen.
3. Hold down the Shift key and select Macintosh HD > Continue in Safe Mode.
Enter Safe Mode on Intel Macs
1. Turn off your Mac.
2. Hold down the Shift key and press the Power button.
3. Release the Shift key once you get to the Mac’s login screen.
After Booting Your Mac Into Safe Mode
In Safe Mode, work through this tutorial again to disable startup programs. Begin by checking your login items list, looking for built-in startup preferences, and searching for launch agents in the library system folders. Then, try using a third-party startup manager or run a scan for malware. Refer to our guide to entering and using Safe Mode on Mac for more information.
