Apple希望您仅从App Store下载已批准的应用程序，但这并不总是可行的。如果您在网上发现一个合适的应用程序尚未获准安装，macOS 将阻止它启动。此安全功能是用心良苦的，但您需要绕过它才能安装第三方应用程序。
值得庆幸的是，在Mac(Mac)上运行未经验证的应用程序是一个非常简单的过程。在我们开始之前，请记住，这种安全措施的存在是有原因的。仅考虑从您信任的来源安装应用程序，否则即使安装了Mac 防病毒软件(Mac antivirus software)，您的Mac也可能面临风险。
在系统偏好设置中允许未经验证的应用(Allow Unverified Apps In System Preferences)
当您第一次尝试打开未经验证的开发人员的应用程序时，Apple会阻止它，而是显示一个警告框。macOS 将始终阻止它无法识别的应用程序在未经您批准的情况下启动。
您的 macOS 安全设置也可能会阻止启动任何不是来自App Store的应用程序。这包括来自经过验证的开发人员直接从 Internet 下载的应用程序。
- 如果您无法启动未经验证的应用程序（或不是来自App Store的经过验证的应用程序），您需要前往System Preferences。您可以直接从Dock访问它，或者从Launchpad中启动它。
- 在System Preferences中，单击Security & Privacy > General，然后单击Lock 按钮(Lock button)以允许您更改设置。您需要提供密码或使用 Touch ID 才能解锁。
如果您的应用来自经过验证的开发者，但不是来自App Store，请在名为Allow apps download from(Allow apps downloaded from)的类别下，选择App Store and identify developers(App Store and identified developers)。
- 您尝试打开的最后一个应用程序将列在您的App Store安全选项下方。要启动应用程序（或者更确切地说，包含您的应用程序的DMG图像文件），请单击仍然打开(Open Anyway)。
您需要为您启动的每个未经验证的应用程序执行此操作，因为Apple删除了在早期版本的 macOS 中自动允许此操作的选项。但是，您只需为特定应用程序执行一次此操作。
如果您单击了仍然打开(Open Anyway)，则会启动包含未验证应用程序的DMG图像文件。(DMG)大多数DMG文件包含您随附的应用程序文件，以及应用程序文件夹的快捷方式。
- 要安装此未经验证的应用程序，请将您的应用程序图标拖放到Finder窗口中的应用程序(Applications)快捷方式上。这会将应用程序从DMG图像文件复制到 macOS 安装中，从而可以从Launchpad或Finder的(Finder)Applications文件夹中访问它。
- 安装后，如果您之前没有打开过该应用程序，macOS 会警告您正在尝试从 Internet 打开应用程序。您需要批准它才能启动，因此请单击“打开(Open)”按钮执行此操作。
无需安装即可打开未经验证的应用程序(Open Unverified Apps Without Installation)
Finder 允许您做的许多事情之一(things that Finder allows)是能够在安装应用程序之前查看DMG图像文件的内容。(DMG)无需将随附的应用程序拖到（通常提供的）应用程序(Applications)快捷方式，您可以直接从DMG文件打开应用程序，而无需安装它。
- 为此，请打开您的DMG文件。为此，您可以双击应用程序图标，或右键单击Finder窗口中的应用程序文件，然后单击打开(Open)按钮。
- 将出现有关未经验证的应用程序的警告。这将通知您正在尝试从 Internet 打开应用程序。单击(Click) 打开(Open)以允许它启动。您还可以选中在此磁盘映像上打开应用程序时不警告我复选框，以允许(Don’t warn me when opening applications on this disk image)DMG文件中的所有应用程序在没有警告的情况下启动。
您的应用程序将在此时启动。由于它不会安装在您的系统上，因此您需要重复此过程才能在关闭它后再次启动它。
使用 Homebrew 在 Mac 上运行未经验证的应用程序(Using Homebrew To Run Unverified Apps on Mac)
虽然Apple希望您通过App Store安装应用程序，但您可以使用(App Store)Homebrew完全绕过它。使用Homebrew安装 macOS 应用程序的好处是它绕过了Apple用来“保护”您免受未经验证的应用程序的安全机制。
这是一把双刃剑，因为虽然您可以安装未经验证的应用程序，但您需要确保只安装您信任的应用程序和软件。
Homebrew充当包管理器的方式与APT在Linux上的方式相同。它允许您使用 macOS 终端单独安装应用程序，或者使用它创建批量安装程序以一次安装多个应用程序(install multiple apps at once)。
例如，这对于将多个应用程序安装到新的 macOS 设备可能很有用。
- 要安装Homebrew，首先打开一个 macOS终端(Terminal)应用程序窗口。您可以在Launchpad > Other 文件夹中找到(Other folder)终端(Terminal)应用程序，或者在Spotlight中搜索终端(Terminal)，您可以通过单击顶部菜单栏中的搜索图标来访问它。
- Homebrew的安装过程应该会自动完成。终端(Terminal)窗口将在完成后更新安装成功消息。(Installation successful)
安装Homebrew后(Homebrew)，您可以通过键入brew search appname搜索潜在的(brew search appname)Homebrew应用程序，将appname替换为部分或完整的应用程序名称。您也可以在Homebrew 网站(Homebrew website)上搜索这些内容。
- 为应用找到合适的安装包后，您可以键入brew cask install appname，将appname替换为应用。例如，要安装Firefox，键入brew cask install firefox将下载并安装Firefox的相关软件包。
安装过程完成后，您的应用程序将可以从Launchpad或Finder中的(Finder)Applications文件夹以及您的其他Mac应用程序启动。
How to Run Unverified Apps on MacOS
Apple wоuld prefer you to only download approved apps from the App Store, but that isn’t alwayѕ possible. If you find a ѕuitable app online that hasn’t beеn аpproved fоr installation, macOS will block it from launching. This security feature is well-intended, but you’ll need to bypass it to install third-party аpps.
Thankfully, it’s a pretty easy process to run unverified apps on a Mac. Before we begin, remember that this security measure exists for a reason. Only consider installing apps from sources you trust, or you may put your Mac at risk, even with Mac antivirus software installed.
Allow Unverified Apps In System Preferences
When you first attempt to open an app from an unverified developer, Apple will block it, displaying an alert box instead. macOS will always prevent apps it doesn’t recognize from launching without your approval.
It’s also possible that your macOS security settings prevent any apps from being launched that aren’t from the App Store. This includes apps from verified developers that have been downloaded from the internet directly.
- If you’re unable to launch an unverified app (or a verified app that isn’t from the App Store), you’ll need to head to System Preferences. You can access this from your Dock directly, or launch it from within Launchpad.
- In System Preferences, click Security & Privacy > General, then click the Lock button to allow you to make changes to your settings. You’ll need to provide your password, or use Touch ID, to unlock this.
If your app is from a verified developer but it isn’t from the App Store, under the category named Allow apps downloaded from, select App Store and identified developers.
- The last app you attempted to open will be listed underneath your App Store security options. To launch the app (or rather, the DMG image file containing your app), click Open Anyway.
You’ll need to do this for each unverified app you launch, as Apple removed the option to automatically allow this in an earlier version of macOS. You’ll only need to do this for a particular app once, however.
If you’ve clicked Open Anyway, the DMG image file containing your unverified app will launch. Most DMG files contain your enclosed application file, as well as a shortcut to your Applications folder.
- To install this unverified app, drag your app icon and drop it on the Applications shortcut in your Finder window. This will copy the app from your DMG image file to your macOS installation, allowing it to be accessed from Launchpad or from within the Applications folder in Finder.
- Once installed, if you haven’t previously opened the app, macOS will warn you that you’re attempting to open an app from the internet. You’ll need to approve it for launch, so click the Open button to do this.
Open Unverified Apps Without Installation
Among the many things that Finder allows you to do is the ability to view the contents of a DMG image file before you install an app. Rather than dragging your enclosed app to the (usually supplied) Applications shortcut, you can open the app straight from your DMG file instead without installing it.
- To do that, open your DMG file. To do this, you can either double-click on the application icon, or right-click on the application file in your Finder window and click the Open button.
- A warning about the unverified app will appear. This will inform you that you’re attempting to open an app from the internet. Click Open to allow it to launch. You can also select the Don’t warn me when opening applications on this disk image checkbox to allow all apps in your DMG file to launch without a warning.
Your app will launch at this point. As it won’t be installed on your system, you’ll need to repeat this process to launch it again once you close it.
Using Homebrew To Run Unverified Apps on Mac
While Apple would prefer you to install apps through the App Store, you can bypass it completely with Homebrew. The benefit of using Homebrew to install macOS apps is that it bypasses the security mechanisms that Apple uses to “protect” you from unverified apps.
This is a double-edged sword, as while you’ll be able to install unverified apps, you’ll need to ensure that you only install apps and software that you trust.
Homebrew acts as a package manager in the same way that APT does on Linux. It allows you to install apps using the macOS terminal, either individually, or using it to create a bulk installer to install multiple apps at once.
This might be useful to install multiple apps to new macOS devices, for instance.
- To install Homebrew, start by opening up a macOS Terminal app window. You can find the Terminal app in the Launchpad > Other folder, or by searching for Terminal in Spotlight, which you can access by clicking the search icon in the top menu bar.
- The installation process for Homebrew should complete automatically. The Terminal window will update with the message Installation successful upon completion.
Once Homebrew is installed, you can then search for potential Homebrew apps by typing brew search appname, replacing appname with a partial or full app name. You can also search for these on the Homebrew website.
- Once you’ve located a suitable installation package for an app, you can type brew cask install appname, replacing appname with the app. For instance, to install Firefox, typing brew cask install firefox would download and install the relevant package for Firefox.
Once the installation process has been completed, your app will be available to launch from the Launchpad, or the Applications folder in Finder, alongside your other Mac apps.
