如果您使用任何计算机，则需要一个安全密码(secure password)来保护您的重要数据。除非您乐于将文件和个人数据置于危险之中，否则使用通用、易于猜测的管理员密码是没有意义的。记录此类密码很重要，因为没有它们，您将被锁定在 PC 之外。
当然，有时您可能需要绕过丢失的管理员密码(lost admin password)。如果您获得了具有现有用户帐户的旧 PC，则您可能没有擦除 PC(wipe your PC)并重新调整其用途所需的详细信息。要在没有管理员密码的情况下将Windows 10(Windows 10)恢复出厂设置，您需要按照以下步骤操作。
如何从登录屏幕恢复出厂设置 Windows 10(How To Factory Reset Windows 10 From The Login Screen)
如果您没有Windows PC 的管理员密码，则可以从登录屏幕轻松地将Windows 10重置为出厂设置。(Windows 10)
- 在登录屏幕的右下角，您将看到更改网络设置、访问Windows 辅助功能选项(Windows accessibility options)或关闭 PC 的选项。要开始重置您的 PC，请按住键盘上的Shift 键(Shift key)。按住该键，按电源菜单下的重新启动(Restart)选项。
- 这将重新启动Windows 10，但不会正常加载操作系统，而是会显示启动选项菜单。单击疑难解答(Troubleshoot)选项继续。
- 在疑难解答(Troubleshoot)菜单中，单击重置此 PC(Reset this PC)选项。
- 您可以选择保存文件或完全重置 Windows 10，删除所有文件和设置。要保存您的文件，请单击保留我的文件(Keep my files)选项。否则，请改为单击“删除所有内容”。(Remove everything )
这将开始重置过程，您可能需要按照屏幕上的进一步说明继续操作。该过程完成后，您将能够使用新用户帐户设置您的 Windows PC，完全绕过旧的管理员密码。
使用 Windows 安装介质重置或重新安装 Windows(Using Windows Installation Media To Reset Or Reinstall Windows)
在没有管理员密码的情况下将Windows 10(Windows 10) PC恢复出厂设置的最简单方法是使用上述方法。但是，如果您的 PC 出现问题，您可以决定完全擦除硬盘驱动器(wipe the hard drive)，使用Windows安装介质重新安装或重置Windows。
您可以从Microsoft网站下载 Windows 10 安装磁盘映像。(download the Windows 10 installation disk image)这可以刻录到新的DVD或闪存到USB闪存驱动器。如果您有第二台Windows 10 PC 可用，您可以使用Rufus 刷机工具将此(Rufus flashing tool)ISO文件刷入您的USB驱动器。
Linux 用户可以使用 WoeUSB(WoeUSB)来执行此操作，而 macOS 用户可以使用安装在所有Mac设备上的官方Boot Camp 助手应用程序。(Boot Camp Assistant)
- 如果您已下载Windows 10 ISO文件和Rufus工具，请在您的第二台Windows PC上打开Rufus 。确保(Make)在下拉菜单中选择了您的USB闪存驱动器，然后单击(USB)选择(Select )按钮以选择您的 ISO 文件。
- 从文件选择菜单中选择您的Windows 10安装ISO文件，然后单击(ISO)打开(Open)。
- Rufus将自动更改其设置以符合闪存可引导USB Windows安装驱动器的要求。一旦您对设置感到满意，请按“开始(Start)”按钮以刷新您的驱动器。这将擦除它，因此请务必在开始之前备份保存在其上的所有重要文件。
- 这需要一些时间才能完成。Rufus(Once Rufus)完成USB闪存驱动器的刷新后，重新启动 PC 以启动进入Windows安装屏幕。在Windows安装屏幕上，您需要选择在安装过程中使用的语言。您还需要选择您的时间和货币区域设置，以及要使用的键盘区域设置。准备好继续后，单击“下一步”(Next)按钮。
- 单击立即安装(Install now )按钮开始安装过程。
- 此时将加载Windows安装文件。(Windows)此时您可能需要提供Windows 10 产品密钥(Windows 10 product key)来激活安装，因此请在此处键入此密钥。如果您没有密钥，请键入我没有产品密钥(I don’t have a product key)选项。如果选择此选项，则需要在安装完成后激活 Windows。
- 如果该选项可用，请选择您要安装的Windows 10版本，然后单击(Windows 10)下一步(Next)按钮。
- 接下来，您需要接受Windows 10许可协议。单击我接受许可条款(I accept the license terms)复选框，然后单击下一步(Next)继续。
- 安装程序将检测现有的Windows安装。要绕过管理员密码，最好在此处选择自定义：仅安装 Windows（高级）(Custom: Install Windows only (advanced))选项。这将在重新安装Windows(Windows)之前清除您 PC 中的所有文件。
- 在下一阶段选择要安装Windows的驱动器。(Windows)如果您有多个分区，您可能需要先删除并重新创建这些分区。选择下一步(Next)继续。
此时，Windows将开始擦除您的驱动器并为新安装复制文件。然后Windows(Windows)将重新启动以开始安装过程的下一阶段，允许您在该过程完成后创建一个新的用户帐户，以便您再次使用 PC。
使用制造商恢复文件重置您的管理员密码(Resetting Your Admin Password Using Manufacturer Recovery Files)
一些 PC 和笔记本电脑制造商包含一个特殊的恢复分区驱动器，可让您将Windows 10安装恢复为出厂默认设置。这通常可以通过重新启动 PC 并在启动过程中按键盘上的某个键来激活。
您按下的键会有所不同，具体取决于设备制造商。例如，某些 HP 计算机要求您在 PC 启动时按住键盘上的F11 键(F11 key)。
每个制造商都有自己的屏幕说明，说明如何激活和触发此过程。有关如何在您的 PC 上使用恢复分区以及确定要按下的正确键的任何特殊说明，请参阅您的 PC 或笔记本电脑的用户手册。
如果您的 PC 没有可用的恢复分区，您将需要使用上面列出的方法之一来恢复出厂设置Windows 10。
在 Windows 10 上重新开始(Starting Again On Windows 10)
一旦您知道如何在没有管理员密码的情况下重置Windows 10，您就可以重新开始了。您的首要任务是使用密码管理器(use a password manager)帮助您为 PC 生成安全密码。您可以在没有 Microsoft 帐户的情况下设置 Windows(set up Windows without a Microsoft account)，但您将无法访问某些其他Windows功能。
您可以在 Windows 10 上切换到无密码登录，(passwordless login on Windows 10)以便能够完全放弃密码。一旦您的 PC 重置并准备好使用，您将需要考虑需要立即安装的新软件(new software you’ll need to immediately install)，从新的 Web 浏览器到防病毒软件，以保护您的 PC免受恶意软件的侵害(safe from malware)。
How To Factory Reset Windows 10 Without The Admin Password
If you’re using any computer, you nеed a secure password to protect your important data. There’s no point using generic, easy-to-guess admin passwords unless you’re happy to put your files and personal data at risk. It’s important to keep a record of passwords like these, as without them, you’ll be left locked out of your PC.
Of course, there are times when you may need to bypass a lost admin password. If you’ve been given an old PC with an existing user account, you may not have the details you need to wipe your PC and repurpose it. To factory reset Windows 10 without the admin password, you’ll need to follow these steps.
How To Factory Reset Windows 10 From The Login Screen
If you don’t have the admin password for a Windows PC, you can reset Windows 10 to factory settings pretty easily from the login screen.
- In the bottom-right corner of the login screen, you’ll see options to change your network settings, access Windows accessibility options, or power down your PC. To begin resetting your PC, hold down the Shift key on your keyboard. With the key held down, press the Restart option under your power menu.
- This will reboot Windows 10, but rather than loading the operating system as normal, you’ll be presented with the boot options menu. Click the Troubleshoot option to proceed.
- In the Troubleshoot menu, click the Reset this PC option.
- You can choose to save your files or reset Windows 10 completely, removing all files and settings. To save your files, click the Keep my files option. Otherwise, click Remove everything instead.
This will begin the reset process, and you may need to follow further on-screen instructions to proceed. Once the process is complete, you’ll be able to set up your Windows PC with a new user account, bypassing the old admin password entirely.
Using Windows Installation Media To Reset Or Reinstall Windows
The easiest method to factory reset your Windows 10 PC without the admin password is to use the method above. If your PC is having problems, however, you could decide to wipe the hard drive entirely, using Windows installation media to reinstall or reset Windows.
You can download the Windows 10 installation disk image from the Microsoft website. This can be burned to a fresh DVD or flashed to a USB flash drive. If you have a second Windows 10 PC available, you can flash this ISO file to your USB drive using the Rufus flashing tool.
Linux users can WoeUSB to do this, while macOS users could use the official Boot Camp Assistant app, which is installed on all Mac devices.
- If you have the Windows 10 ISO file and Rufus tool downloaded, open Rufus on your second Windows PC. Make sure your USB flash drive is selected in the drop-down menu, then click the Select button to select your ISO file.
- Select your Windows 10 installation ISO file from the file selection menu, then click Open.
- Rufus will automatically change its settings to match the requirements to flash a bootable USB Windows installation drive. Once you’re happy with the settings, press the Start button to flash your drive. This will wipe it, so be sure to backup any important files saved on it before you begin.
- This will take a bit of time to complete. Once Rufus has finished flashing your USB flash drive, restart your PC to boot into the Windows installation screen. At the Windows installation screen, you’ll need to select the language to use during the installation process. You’ll also need to select your time and currency locale, as well as the keyboard locale to use. Once you’re ready to proceed, click the Next button.
- Click the Install now button to start the installation process.
- The Windows installation files will load at this point. You may need to provide a Windows 10 product key at this point to activate the installation, so type this key here. If you don’t have a key, type the I don’t have a product key option. You’ll need to activate Windows after the installation is completed if you choose this option.
- If the option is available, select the version of Windows 10 you wish to install, then click the Next button.
- You’ll need to accept the Windows 10 license agreement next. Click the I accept the license terms checkbox, then click Next to proceed.
- The installer will detect an existing Windows installation. To bypass the admin password, it’s better to choose the Custom: Install Windows only (advanced) option here. This will wipe all files from your PC before reinstalling Windows.
- Select the drive to install Windows at the next stage. If you have multiple partitions, you might need to delete and recreate these first. Select Next to continue.
At this point, Windows will begin wiping your drive and copying files for the new installation. Windows will then reboot to begin the next stage of the installation process, allowing you to create a new user account once the process has completed to allow you to use the PC again.
Resetting Your Admin Password Using Manufacturer Recovery Files
Some PC and laptop manufacturers include a special recovery partition drive that allows you to restore your Windows 10 installation back to the factory default. This can usually be activated by restarting your PC and pressing a certain key on your keyboard during the boot-up process.
The key you press will vary, depending on the device manufacturer. For instance, some HP computers require you to press and hold the F11 key on your keyboard as your PC boots.
Each manufacturer has its own on-screen instructions for how to activate and trigger this process. Consult the user manual for your PC or laptop for any special instructions on how to use a recovery partition on your PC, as well as to determine the right key to press.
If your PC doesn’t have a recovery partition available, you’ll need to use one of the methods listed above to factory reset Windows 10 instead.
Starting Again On Windows 10
Once you know how to reset Windows 10 without the admin password to hand, you’re ready to start again. Your first task is to use a password manager to help you generate a secure password for your PC. You can set up Windows without a Microsoft account, but you’ll lose access to some additional Windows features.
You could switch to a passwordless login on Windows 10 to be able to ditch passwords completely. Once your PC is reset and ready to use, you’ll need to think about the new software you’ll need to immediately install, from a new web browser to an antivirus to keep your PC safe from malware.
