在Windows(Windows)中经常执行的更改之一是自定义文件资源管理器(File Explorer)显示文件的方式。我们向您展示如何进行一次这些更改，并确保它们自动重新应用于包含相同类型文件的所有其他文件夹。这个魔法是使用默认查看模板完成的，使用它们比您想象的要容易。让我们一起完成设置，以便您在 Windows 中处理文件的方式更加高效：
注意：(NOTE:)本指南涵盖Windows 10、Windows 7 和Windows 8.1。如果您不知道您拥有的Windows版本，请阅读本教程：我安装了哪个版本的Windows ？。
文件资源管理器或 Windows 资源管理器中的(File Explorer or Windows Explorer)文件夹视图(folder view)模板是什么？
文件夹是文件系统(file system)中组织的基本元素，我们查看它们的方式对我们的工作效率有重大影响。如果您想了解有关文件夹的更多信息，请阅读什么是文件夹？为什么我需要文件夹？
显示文件夹及其内容的应用程序在Windows 10和Windows 8.1中命名为File Explorer ，在Windows 7中命名为(Windows 7)Windows Explorer。从这里开始，我们仅指文件资源管理器(File Explorer)，但您也可以将该过程应用于Windows 资源管理器(Windows Explorer)。为了适应不同类型的内容，文件资源管理器(File Explorer)使用了五种不同的查看模板：
- 常规项目(General Items)- 此视图模板(view template)显示以下数据列：名称、修改日期、类型(Name, Date modified, Type)和大小(Size)。默认视图是详细信息(Details)，它用于大多数文件夹，因为它们包含混合文件。此外，当您在Windows(Windows)中创建新文件夹时，这是倾向于应用的默认视图，直到您使用文件和内容填充它。(default view)
- 文档(Documents)- 默认情况下，它显示以下数据列：名称、修改日期、类型(Name, Date modified, Type)和大小(Size)。与General Items一样，此查看模板使用Details视图。
- 图片(Pictures)- 此查看模板使用大图标(Large icons)视图显示照片和图像文件。当您选择详细信息(Details)视图时，它会显示以下数据列：名称、日期、标签、大小(Name, Date, Tags, Size,)和评级。(Rating.)在那里，您只有在图片(Pictures)视图中才能看到这些数据列。
- 音乐(Music)- 它包括以下数据列：Name, Contributing artists, Album, #（代表曲目编号）和标题(Title)。默认视图是Details。
- 视频(Videos)- 默认视图是大图标(Large icons)。当您选择Details视图时，它会显示以下数据列：Name、Date、Tags、Size和Rating。
视图模板由Windows自动分配，具体取决于每个文件夹的内容，但您也可以将这些模板之一强制用于文件夹。在每个文件夹视图(folder view)模板中，您可以在不同的视图（或布局）之间切换：超大图标、大图标、中图标、小图标、列表、详细信息、平铺(Extra Large Icons, Large Icons, Medium Icons, Small Icons, List, Details, Tiles,)和内容(Content)。
您可以自定义布局以添加或省略细节，然后将它们作为所选文件夹视图模板(folder view template)的标准应用。要了解有关这些布局之间的差异以及如何使用它们的更多信息，请阅读：有效使用资源管理器(Explorer)中的视图的 7 种方法（在所有Windows版本中）。
文件资源管理器(File Explorer)中的默认查看模板允许您更改以下功能，以便您可以将它们自动应用于具有相同模板的所有文件夹：
- 详细信息(Details)视图（布局）中显示的列
- 按(Group by)字段分组
- 文件的排序
- 默认视图（或布局）
如何选择文件夹的查看模板(viewing template)进行自定义
确定要自定义的默认查看模板后，打开文件资源管理器并导航(File Explorer and navigate)到要应用此模板的文件夹。
由于Windows会根据文件夹的内容自动选择查看模板，因此请检查应用的模板，然后设置您要使用的模板。要访问文件夹属性，请在文件资源管理器(File Explorer)窗口中单击鼠标右键，然后在上下文菜单(context menu)中选择“自定义此文件夹(Customize this folder)”。
在“属性(Properties)”窗口中，选择了“自定义(Customize)”选项卡。验证用于文件夹的模板，如果需要，将其更改为您要配置的模板。在我们的示例中，我们自定义了图片(Pictures)模板。如果您有要使用相同模板的子文件夹，请选中“也将此模板应用于所有子文件夹”框。("Also apply this template to all subfolders.")
按确定(OK)关闭“属性(Properties)”窗口。
如何在文件资源管理器中配置文件夹的查看模板(File Explorer)
现在您已经分配了要用于文件夹的查看模板，是时候配置它了。对于我们的示例，我们设置以下配置：
- 详细信息(Details)视图（布局）中显示的列：添加水平分辨率、尺寸(Horizontal resolution, Dimensions)
- 按(Group by)字段分组：维度(Dimensions)
- 文件排序：日期(Date)
- 默认视图（或布局）：中等图标(Medium icons)
请记住，自定义视图的更改顺序至关重要。Group by设置会自动更改排序，需要最后设置布局。Group by设置仅适用于Details布局中包含的字段，因此我们将Dimensions包含(Dimensions)为我们想要使用的字段，以便我们也可以将其用作分组标准(grouping criterion)。但是足够的背景信息(background information)，让我们看看它是如何完成的：
首先，在文件资源管理器功能区的(File Explorer)视图(View)选项卡中选择当前布局的详细信息(Details)。然后，右键单击或点击并按住(tap and hold)在所选文件夹中找到的文件上方显示的字段名称。由于尺寸(Dimensions)已经显示，我们立即选择它。如果您想要的字段未显示（如Horizontal resolution的情况），请选择(Horizontal resolution)More打开完整的字段列表。
向下滚动(Scroll)直到找到所需的字段，然后单击或点击其名称旁边的复选框。选择完要查看的字段后，按OK关闭“选择详细信息”窗口。(Choose Details)
右键单击或点击并按住(tap and hold)右侧的空白区域（避免任何文件），然后在上下文菜单中选择(context menu)Group by。在打开的子菜单中，选择要用于分组的字段。
排序会自动修改以匹配Group by设置。
右键单击或点击并按住(tap and hold)文件资源管理器(File Explorer)右侧的空白区域，然后在上下文菜单(context menu)中选择排序方式(Sort by)。然后，选择要用于排序的字段。您可以重复该过程并更改顺序（升序(Ascending)或降序(Descending)）。
最后，选择要用于模板的视图（布局）。右键单击或点击并按住(tap and hold)右侧的空白区域，然后在上下文菜单中选择(context menu)查看(View)。在子菜单中选择所需的视图（布局）。
查看模板(viewing template)的设置完成。更改现在仅适用于当前文件夹。我们还需要一个步骤将它们转移到一个真实的模板，该模板将自动用于所有使用相同模板的文件夹。
如何将自定义应用到使用相同查看模板的所有文件夹(viewing template)
要应用您在上一节中所做的更改，以便将它们应用于具有相同查看模板(viewing template)的所有文件夹，您必须打开“文件夹选项”窗口(Folder Options window)，而您刚刚自定义的文件夹仍处于打开状态。在Windows 10和Windows 8.1中，单击或点击(click or tap) 文件(File)资源管理器窗口左上角的文件，然后选择“(File Explorer)更改文件夹和搜索选项(Change folder and search options)”。
在文件夹选项(Folder Options)窗口中，选择查看(View)选项卡，然后按应用到文件夹(Apply to Folders)按钮。
请记住，更改适用于使用相同视图模板(view template)的所有文件夹（在我们的示例中为图片(Pictures)）。如果您想更改另一个模板，您可以使用另一个您想使用的文件夹重复该过程，并使用您想设置的下一个模板。
您要修改哪些查看模板？
由于文件资源管理器是(File Explorer)Windows中最常用的应用程序之一，因此您需要确保根据您使用文件的方式对其进行调整。无需一遍又一遍地进行相同的布局更改，您现在可以进行一次更改，并期望每次打开具有相同类型内容的文件夹时都能看到它们。让我们知道对您最重要的查看模板的哪些更改。是否有要显示或用于排序或分组的字段？你想要更大或更小的图片图标吗？在下面的评论中告诉我们。
How to configure the default viewing templates in File Explorer
One of the changes often performed in Windows is to customize the way File Explorer displays files. We show you how to make these changes once, and make sure they re-apply automatically for all the other folders that contain the same type of files. This magic is done using the default viewing templates, and using them is easier than you might think. Let's go together through the setup so that you can be more efficient in the way you deal with files in Windows:
NOTE: This guide covers Windows 10, Windows 7, and Windows 8.1. If you do not know the version of Windows that you have, read this tutorial: What version of Windows do I have installed?.
What are the folder view templates in File Explorer or Windows Explorer?
Folders are the basic elements of organization in your file system, and the way we view them has a significant impact on our productivity. If you want to learn more about folders, read What is a folder? Why do I need folders?.
The app that displays the folders and their content is named File Explorer in Windows 10 and Windows 8.1, and Windows Explorer in Windows 7. From here on, we refer only to File Explorer, but you can apply the procedure to Windows Explorer as well. To adapt to different types of content, File Explorer uses five different viewing templates:
- General Items - this view template shows the following data columns: Name, Date modified, Type and Size. The default view is Details and it is used for most folders because they contain mixed files. Also, when you create a new folder in Windows, this is the default view that tends to be applied, until you populate it with files and content.
- Documents - it shows, by default, the following data columns: Name, Date modified, Type, and Size. Like the General Items, this viewing template uses the Details view.
- Pictures - this viewing template shows photos and image files using the Large icons view. When you select the Details view, it shows the following data columns: Name, Date, Tags, Size, and Rating. There, you see these data columns only when you are in the Pictures view.
- Music - it includes the following data columns: Name, Contributing artists, Album, # (stands for track number), and Title. The default view is Details.
- Videos - the default view is Large icons. When you select the Details view, it shows the following data columns: Name, Date, Tags, Size, and Rating.
The view templates are assigned automatically by Windows depending on the content of each folder, but you can also force one of these templates on a folder. In each of the folder view templates, you can switch between different views (or layouts): Extra Large Icons, Large Icons, Medium Icons, Small Icons, List, Details, Tiles, and Content.
You can customize the layouts to add or omit detail, and then apply them as the standard for the selected folder view template. To learn more about the differences between these layouts and how to work with them, read: 7 ways to efficiently use the views from Explorer (in all Windows versions).
The default viewing template in File Explorer allows you to change the following features so that you can apply them automatically to all folders with the same template:
- The columns displayed in the Details view (layout)
- The Group by field
- The sorting of the files
- The default view (or layout)
How to select a folder's viewing template for customization
Once you decide which default viewing template you want to customize, open File Explorer and navigate to a folder where you want this template applied.
Since Windows chooses the viewing template automatically based on the content of the folder, check the template applied, and set the one that you want to use. To access the folder properties, right-click inside the File Explorer window and, in the context menu, choose "Customize this folder."
In the Properties window, the Customize tab is selected. Verify the template used for the folder and, if needed, change it to the one you want to configure. In our example, we customize the Pictures template. If you have subfolders where you want to use the same template, check the box which says "Also apply this template to all subfolders."
Press OK to close the Properties window.
How to configure a folder's viewing template in File Explorer
Now that you have assigned the viewing template that you want to use for a folder, it is time to configure it. For our example, we set the following configuration:
- The columns displayed in the Details view (layout): add Horizontal resolution, Dimensions
- The Group by field: Dimensions
- The sorting of the files: Date
- The default view (or layout): Medium icons
Keep in mind that the order of the changes in customizing the view is essential. The Group by settings changes the sorting automatically, and the layout needs to be set last. The Group by setting works only with the fields included in the Details layout, so we include Dimensions as a field we want to use so that we can also use it as a grouping criterion. But enough background information, let's see how it is done:
First, select Details for the current layout, in the View tab on the File Explorer ribbon. Then, right-click or tap and hold on the field names shown above the files found inside the selected folder. Since Dimensions is already displayed we select it right away. If the field you want is not shown (as is the case with Horizontal resolution) open the full list of fields by choosing More.
Scroll down until you find the field that you want, and click or tap the checkbox next to its name. Press OK to close the Choose Details window, when you are done selecting the fields that you want to see.
Right-click or tap and hold in the open area on the right side (avoid any files), and choose Group by in the context menu. In the submenu that opens up, choose the field that you want to use for grouping.
The sorting is modified automatically to match the Group by setting.
Right-click or tap and hold in the open area on the right side of File Explorer, and choose Sort by in the context menu. Then, choose the field that you want to use for sorting. You can repeat the procedure and change the order (Ascending or Descending).
Lastly, choose which view (layout) you want to use for your template. Right-click or tap and hold in the open area on the right side, and choose View in the context menu. Choose the desired view (layout) in the submenu.
The settings for the viewing template are complete. The changes apply right now only to the current folder. We need one more step to transfer them to a real template that is going to be used automatically for all the folders that use the same template.
How to apply your customization to all the folders that are using the same viewing template
To apply the changes you made in the previous section so that they are applied to all the folders with the same viewing template, you have to open the Folder Options window, while the folder you just customized is still open. In Windows 10 and Windows 8.1, click or tap File in the top-left corner of the File Explorer window, and choose "Change folder and search options."
In the Folder Options window, select the View tab, and press the Apply to Folders button.
Keep in mind that the change applies to all the folders that use the same view template (Pictures in our example). If you want to change another template, you can repeat the procedure using another folder that you want to use, with the next template that you want to set.
Which viewing templates do you want to modify?
Since File Explorer is one of the most used apps in Windows, you want to make sure it is tuned according to your style of using files. Instead of making the same layout changes over and over again, you can now make them once and expect to see them every time you open a folder with the same type of content. Let us know which changes to the viewing template that are most important to you. Is there a field that you want to show or use for sorting or grouping? Do you want bigger or smaller icons for your pictures? Let us know in a comment below.
