在任何老化的计算机中，硬盘通常是首先要解决的问题。这是因为与RAM或处理器等组件不同，HDD具有更多的移动部件。
如果您在更换硬盘之前等待硬盘出现故障，则很有可能会丢失硬盘上的所有数据。最好观察硬盘的健康状况并将您的信息移到外部硬盘驱动器上，以免它死在您身上。
这给我们带来了一个显而易见的问题：如何检查硬盘的健康状况？
检查智能(S.M.A.R.T)。您的驱动器(Your Drive)状态(Status)
如果您的 PC 的硬盘驱动器不是太旧，它很可能已经配备了自我监控技术。称为SMART。（自我监控、分析(Analysis)和报告技术(Reporting Technology)），这个漂亮的系统可以告诉你磁盘驱动器的状态，而不需要任何复杂的软件。
您可以获得有关 SSD SMART的基本数据。使用Windows 10(Windows 10)和Windows 11中内置的WMIC（Windows Management Instrumentation 命令行(Windows Management Instrumentation Command-line)）工具的状态。
- 首先，通过在开始菜单(Start Menu)中搜索CMD来运行(CMD)命令提示符(Command Prompt)。
- 现在输入命令wmic diskdrive get model,status
- 这将显示您已安装的所有驱动器及其状态。OK表示驱动器运行正常，而Pred Fail表示它将发生故障。
- 如果您的 PC 上只有一个驱动器，您也可以使用 wmic diskdrive get status 命令。
WMIC工具的问题在于它只提供基本的是/否状态报告。聪明(S.M.A.R.T)的。驱动器能够传输更多数据，但您需要获得更好的应用程序才能读取它。
CrystalDisk Info就是这样一种应用程序。它可以提供内部和外部磁盘驱动器的SMART(SMART)信息的详细汇总，让您更好地了解驱动器的健康状况。
2.使用硬盘制造商的诊断工具(Diagnostic Tool)
并非所有硬盘驱动器都带有SMART。技术来检查他们的健康状况。可以自我监控的大多是固态硬盘；较旧的驱动器通常没有内置选项。
幸运的是，希捷(Seagate)、西部数据(Western Digital)和三星(Samsung)等领先的硬盘制造商都有专门的应用程序来检查其存储设备的状态。
这些应用程序(These apps)测试硬盘(HDD)驱动器的坏扇区和系统错误，让您准确了解驱动器完全故障的可能性。对于没有内置错误检查的驱动器，这通常是诊断任何问题的最佳方法。
3.在BIOS中测试硬盘
如果您无法找到硬盘制造商的诊断工具并且没有SMART。驱动器，您可以随时从BIOS中检查其运行状况。所有主板都有一个BIOS，可用于验证所有硬件组件的状态，包括硬盘驱动器。
由于该接口独立于操作系统，它还可以防止来自操作系统或任何正在运行的应用程序的任何干扰弄乱测试结果。
唯一的问题是触发它。首先(First)，您需要进入BIOS，它对不同的主板有不同的工作方式（通常通过点击特定的功能键）。然后你需要找到测试本身。
对于大多数BIOS版本，这可以通过前往Settings > Advanced > NVME self-test来实现。在许多 HP 和Dell PC(Dell PCs)中，该选项位于诊断程序(Diagnostics)中。
4. 使用 CHKDSK 实用程序
到目前为止，我们已经看到了检查磁盘是否存在硬件故障的方法，但这并不是HDD可能出错的全部。除了(Apart)坏扇区外，文件系统本身也可能损坏，导致数据丢失和硬盘驱动器无法使用。
要检测和修复这些问题，您可以使用Microsoft Windows chkdsk工具。它是一个命令行实用程序，可扫描磁盘驱动器并修复逻辑错误，使损坏的扇区再次可用。
- 要使用CHKDSK工具，请打开命令提示符(Command Prompt)。在开始菜单的搜索栏中键入cmd以找到它。
- 当命令提示符(Command Prompt)窗口打开时，键入此命令并按Enter：
chkdsk C: /F /R /X
其中 C 是您要扫描的磁盘的驱动器号。这将运行CHKDSK并恢复发现的任何损坏的扇区。请注意，Check Disk的数据恢复功能有限，主要用于修复损坏的文件系统。
5.安装第三方磁盘检查工具(Disk Checking Tool)
如果下载第三方应用程序没有问题，这通常是详细了解硬盘运行状况的最简单方法。专用硬盘扫描软件提供的有关硬盘状态的信息比Windows(Windows)内置工具多得多。
我们已经讨论过CrystalDisk Info ，但它不是阅读所有(CrystalDisk Info)SMART的唯一选择。来自您的驱动器的信息。有Hard Disk Sentinel和HDDScan，可以诊断所有类型的磁盘驱动器，从SSD(SSDs)到复杂的RAID设置。这些应用程序生成的报告比基本的Windows(Windows)诊断要详细得多，并且可以帮助您更快地发现故障硬盘。
检查硬盘健康状况(Hard Drive Health)的最佳方法是什么？
对于大多数用户来说，获得基本的SMART。状态检查足以查看他们的硬盘是否处于故障边缘。如果您想了解更多详细信息，您可以随时使用CrystalDisk Info或HDDScan等第三方工具(third-party tools)来获取完整报告。
当您的HDD(HDD)不支持SMART时，事情会变得更加棘手。技术。虽然在硬盘驱动器上运行CHKDSK扫描始终是根除文件系统错误的好主意，但您最终需要其他东西来诊断硬件故障。
这为您提供了两个主要选择——在BIOS(BIOS)中测试磁盘驱动器或获取制造商自己的硬盘扫描工具。BIOS选项具有适用于(BIOS)SSD(SSDs)和传统硬盘驱动器的每个操作系统的优势。另一方面，使用产品专用工具是获得最准确信息的最佳方式。
How to Check Hard Drive Health in Windows 11/10
In any aging computеr, the hard disk is usually the first thing to go. This is because unlike cоmponents like RAM or the рrocessor, an HDD haѕ more moving parts.
If you wait for your hard drive to fail before you replace it, there is a good chance of losing all the data on it. It’s much better to watch the hard disk’s health and move your information to an external hard drive before it dies on you.
Which brings us to the obvious question: How do you check the health of your hard drive?
Check the S.M.A.R.T. Status of Your Drive
If your PC’s hard disk drive isn’t too old, chances are that it already comes with self-monitoring technology. Called S.M.A.R.T. (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology), this nifty system can tell you the status of your disk drive without requiring any complicated software.
You can get basic data about your SSD’s S.M.A.R.T. status using the built-in WMIC (Windows Management Instrumentation Command-line) tool in Windows 10 and Windows 11.
- First, run Command Prompt by searching for CMD in the Start Menu.
- Now enter the command wmic diskdrive get model,status
- This will display all the drives you have installed, along with their status. An OK means the drive is functioning properly, while a Pred Fail means it is about to fail.
- You can also use the wmic diskdrive get status command if you only have one drive on your PC.
The issue with the WMIC tool is that it only gives a basic yes/no status report. S.M.A.R.T. drives are capable of communicating much more data, but you need to get a better app to be able to read it.
CrystalDisk Info is one such application. It can provide a detailed roundup of the SMART information of both internal and external disk drives, allowing you to understand the health of your drive much better.
2. Use the HDD Manufacturer’s Diagnostic Tool
Not all hard disk drives come with S.M.A.R.T. technology to check their health status. It is mostly solid-state drives that can monitor themselves; older drives usually don’t have a built-in option.
Fortunately, leading hard drive manufacturers like Seagate, Western Digital, and Samsung have a dedicated app for checking the status of their storage devices.
These apps test the HDD for bad sectors and system errors, giving you an accurate look into the chances of a complete drive failure. For drives without built-in error checking, this is usually the best way to diagnose any issues.
3. Test the HDD in BIOS
If you are having trouble finding your hard disk manufacturer’s diagnostic tool and don’t have a S.M.A.R.T. drive, you can always check its health from the BIOS. All motherboards have a BIOS that can be used to verify the status of all hardware components, including the hard disk drive.
As this interface is OS independent, it also prevents any interference from the operating system or any running application from messing up the test results.
The only problem is triggering it. First, you need to get to the BIOS, which works differently for different motherboards (usually by tapping a particular function key). Then you need to locate the test itself.
For most BIOS versions this can be achieved by heading to Settings > Advanced > NVME self-test. In many HP and Dell PCs, the option is found in Diagnostics instead.
4. With the CHKDSK Utility
So far we have seen methods to check the disk for hardware faults, but that’s not all that can go wrong with an HDD. Apart from bad sectors, the file system itself can also get corrupted, leading to data loss and an unusable hard drive.
To detect and repair these issues, you can use the Microsoft Windows chkdsk tool. It’s a command-line utility that scans the disk drive and fixes logical errors, making corrupted sectors usable again.
- To use the CHKDSK tool, open Command Prompt. Type cmd in the Start Menu’s search bar to find it.
- When the Command Prompt window opens up, type this command and press Enter:
chkdsk C: /F /R /X
where C is the drive letter of the disk you wish to scan. This will run CHKDSK and recover any corrupted sectors discovered. Note that Check Disk is limited in its data recovery capabilities, mostly meant as a way to repair a corrupted file system.
5. Install a Third-Party Disk Checking Tool
If you don’t have an issue with downloading third-party apps, it can often be the easiest way to get a detailed look into your HDD’s health. Dedicated hard drive scanning software provides much more information about the status of the hard disk than built-in Windows tools.
We have already talked about CrystalDisk Info, but it’s not the only option for reading all S.M.A.R.T. information from your drive. There is Hard Disk Sentinel and HDDScan, that can diagnose all types of disk drives, from SSDs to complex RAID setups. The reports generated by these apps are far more detailed than basic Windows diagnostics and can help you catch a failing hard drive much sooner.
What Is the Best Method to Check Hard Drive Health?
For most users, getting a basic S.M.A.R.T. status check is enough to see if their hard disk is on the verge of failing or not. If you want more details, you can always use third-party tools like CrystalDisk Info or HDDScan to get a complete report.
Things get trickier when your HDD doesn’t support S.M.A.R.T. technology. While running a CHKDSK scan on the hard drive is always a good idea to root out file system errors, you ultimately need something else to diagnose hardware faults.
This gives you two main options – testing the disk drive in BIOS or getting hold of the manufacturer’s own hard disk scanning tool. The BIOS option has the advantage of working on every operating system for both SSDs and traditional hard drives. On the other hand, using the tool specialized for the product is the best way to get the most accurate information.
