在其他文章中，我们讨论了如何使用“设置默认程序”面板和("Set Default Programs")Windows在该面板中放置的程序列表为各种活动设置默认程序。但是，当您想要设置默认值时，这不是您唯一的选择。在本文中，我们将告诉您在Windows 7和Windows 8.1中设置默认程序的其他选项。
如何在Windows 7中查找(Windows 7)默认程序列表(Default Programs)
在 Windows 7 中，打开控制面板(Control Panel)并选择"Programs -> Default programs-> Set program access and computer defaults"。您需要以管理员身份登录。您还可以在“开始”菜单(Start Menu)搜索框中键入默认值，以便更快地访问。(default)
这将带您进入“设置程序访问和计算机默认值”("Set Program Access and Computer Defaults")窗口。
如何在Windows 8.1中查找(Windows 8.1)默认程序列表(Default Programs)
Windows 8.1中的过程与Windows 7中的过程非常相似。首先在“开始(Start)”屏幕上键入默认值。(default)
单击或点按默认程序(Default Programs)，然后单击“设置程序访问和计算机默认值”("Set program access and computer defaults")。同样(Again)，您需要以管理员身份登录才能执行此操作。
从那里开始，该过程与Windows 7(Windows 7)中的过程完全相同。要了解如何使用“设置程序访问和计算机默认值”("Set Program Access and Computer Defaults")窗口，请阅读下一节。
如何使用设置程序访问和计算机默认值面板(Set Program Access And Computer Defaults Panel)
您可以从以下三个选项中进行选择：Microsoft Windows、Non-Microsoft和自定义(Custom)。默认选择自定义选项。(Custom)右侧的箭头将展开每个选择以向您展示它们的作用。
让我们谈谈这些选择以及每个选择的含义。但是，在您这样做之前，您应该注意，在每种情况下，屏幕截图都显示了我们使用的测试计算机(test computer)上可用的内容。根据您安装的内容，您的外观会有所不同。(Yours)
第一个选项Microsoft Windows将默认程序设置为(Microsoft Windows)Windows中预装的程序。例如，您将默认使用Internet Explorer和Windows Media Player 。如果您选择此选项，需要注意的重要一点是不会删除对每个类别中其他程序的访问。它们仍会显示在您的可用程序列表中，如果您愿意，您可以随时选择备用程序。(alternate program)但是，您不会被提供使用此替代程序(alternate program)作为默认程序的选项。Windows 默认(Windows default)程序被此选项锁定。
第二个选项Non-Microsoft做了一些完全不同的事情。如果您选择此选项，将选择非 Microsoft 程序作为您的默认程序，并且将删除对Windows 默认选项的访问。(Windows default)这意味着这些程序不会出现在“开始”菜单(Start Menu)或“开始(Start)”屏幕上，也不会出现在您右键单击文件时的“打开方式”对话框中。("Open with")您创建的这些程序的任何快捷方式也将被删除。
在下面的示例中，我们只安装了一个其他浏览器和一个其他媒体播放器。如果您有两个以上的任何类型的程序，您将获得一个下拉菜单供您选择。
你为什么想做这样的事情？一个原因是您是计算机的管理员，并且您希望确保其他用户只能访问一组有限的非Microsoft选项。如果您选择此选项，Microsoft程序只能通过双击Windows/File Explorer中的可执行文件来运行- 但当然您必须知道在哪里可以找到可执行文件并有权访问Windows/File Explorer才能执行此操作这。
此设置在您不希望公众做太多事情的公共计算机上最有用。我们建议您在自己的计算机上使用此选项之前三思而后行，因为除此之外，如果您以后改变主意，您将不得不重新创建所有快捷方式。
自定义(Custom)选项为您提供了最多的选择。此处显示您的Microsoft和非Microsoft选项。您可以选择默认程序(default program)，也可以选择启用或删除该类别的其他选项。
注意：(NOTE:)删除对不同程序的访问可能需要卸载这些程序，Microsoft Office Outlook就是这种情况。
如果程序(Program)不在可选选项列表中该怎么办
您可能会注意到，并非所有特定活动的程序都出现在程序列表中。这是因为并非所有程序都已注册，并且可以使用“设置程序访问和计算机默认值”将("Set program access and computer defaults")其设置为默认程序。如果是这种情况，您将需要找到其他解决方案：您可以设置默认程序或将文件类型或协议(file type or protocol)与程序相关联，正如我们在之前的教程中所展示的那样。
结论
如您所见，为网页浏览(web browsing)、媒体播放、电子邮件和即时消息等常见活动选择默认程序是一个简单的过程。但是，与有关Windows 7和Windows 8.1的许多事情一样，您在选择选项时需要非常确定自己知道自己在做什么。Microsoft仅选择非(Microsoft)Microsoft默认设置的政策特别严厉，如果您改变主意，重新获得对Microsoft自己程序的访问权限，至少需要重新创建您的快捷方式。习俗(Custom)_选项提供了最多的选择，但由于它带有您已经选择的默认值，因此没有太多理由在此处进行更改。我们建议不要玩太多，除非您已准备好并愿意从您可能不喜欢的设置中恢复。
How To Set Program Access & Computer Defaults In Windows 7 & Windows 8.1
In other articles we talked аbout how to set your default programs fоr various activities, using the "Set Default Programs" panel and the list of programs that Windows puts in that panel. However, that's not your only option when you want to set defaults. In this article we'll tell you about the other options you have for setting default programs in Windows 7 and Windows 8.1.
How To Find The List Of Default Programs In Windows 7
In Windows 7, open the Control Panel and choose "Programs -> Default programs-> Set program access and computer defaults". You will need to be logged in as administrator. You can also type default into the Start Menu search box, for faster access.
This will take you to the "Set Program Access and Computer Defaults" window.
How To Find The List Of Default Programs In Windows 8.1
The process in Windows 8.1 is very much the same as in Windows 7. Begin by typing default on the Start screen.
Click or tap Default Programs, then "Set program access and computer defaults". Again, you will need to be logged in as administrator in order to do this.
From there, the process is exactly the same as in Windows 7. To learn how to work with the "Set Program Access and Computer Defaults" window, read the next section.
How To Work With The Set Program Access And Computer Defaults Panel
You can choose from one of three options: Microsoft Windows, Non-Microsoft, and Custom. The Custom option is selected by default. The arrows on the right will expand each selection to show you what they do.
Let's talk about these choices and what each one means. But, before you do, you should note that, in each case, the screenshot shows what is available on the test computer that we used. Yours will look different depending on what you have installed.
The first option, Microsoft Windows, sets the default programs to what comes preinstalled in Windows. You'll get Internet Explorer and Windows Media Player as your defaults, for example. The important thing to notice if you choose this option is that access to other programs in each category is not removed. They will still show up in your list of available programs and you can always choose an alternate program if you wish. However, you won't be offered the option to use this alternate program as your default. The Windows default programs are locked in with this choice.
The second option, Non-Microsoft, does something radically different. If you choose this option, non-Microsoft programs will be chosen as your defaults and access to the Windows default options will be removed. This means that those programs will not show up on the Start Menu or the Start screen, nor will they appear in the "Open with" dialogue when you right-click on a file. Any shortcuts to those programs you have created will also be removed.
In the example below, we only have one other browser and one other media player installed. If you have more than two of any type of program you will be given a drop-down menu from which to make your choice.
Why would you want to do something like this? One reason would be that you are the administrator of a computer and you want to be sure that the other users only have access to a limited set of non-Microsoft options. The Microsoft programs can only be run by double clicking on the executable file in Windows/File Explorer if you choose this option—but of course you will have to know where to find the executable and have access to Windows/File Explorer in order to do this.
This setting would be most useful on a public computer where you don't want the public to do too much horsing around. We advise you to think twice before using this option on your own computer, because among other things you will have to re-create all your shortcuts if you later change your mind.
The Custom option offers you the most choices. Here, your Microsoft and non-Microsoft options are displayed. You can choose your default program and you can also choose to enable or remove the other options for that category.
NOTE: Removing access to different programs might require uninstalling those programs, as is the case for Microsoft Office Outlook.
What To Do If A Program Is Not In The List Of Selectable Options
You might notice that not all of your programs for specific activities appear in the list of programs. This is because not all programs are registered and can be set as default programs using "Set program access and computer defaults". If this is the case, you will need to find other solutions: you can set your default programs or associate a file type or protocol to a program, as we've shown in our previous tutorials.
Conclusion
As you can see, choosing your default programs for such common activities as web browsing, media playing, email and instant messaging is a straightforward process. However, as with many things about Windows 7 and Windows 8.1, you need to be very sure you know what you're doing when you choose your options. Microsoft's policy toward selecting only non-Microsoft defaults is particularly draconian, and getting back your access to Microsoft's own programs if you change your mind would involve re-creating your shortcuts at the very least. The Custom option offers the most choices, but since it comes with your already-chosen defaults already selected, there's not much reason to make changes here. We recommend not playing around with this too much unless you're ready and willing to recover from a setup you may not like.
