XPS 文件或XML Paper Specification文件是Microsoft与(Microsoft)Adobe的PDF 格式(PDF format)的直接竞争对手。XPS Viewer是用于查看XPS文件的工具，类似于Adobe Reader。虽然XPS可能不像PDF那样流行，但它被一些Windows用户使用。对于那些使用它或想尝试它的人，我们决定展示XPS 格式(XPS format)的主要特性是什么，如何创建XPS文件以及如何使用XPS 查看器， (XPS Viewer)Windows 7中都可用的工具和视窗 8(Windows 8)。
什么是 XPS 文件以及如何(Are XPS Files and How)创建它们(Them)
XPS是一种广泛支持的固定布局文档格式(document format)，旨在保持文档保真度。XPS具有与(XPS)微软(Microsoft)的数字版权管理技术(management technology)等其他技术的良好合作以及软硬件(software and hardware)独立等优点。从支持打印的任何类型的文件创建XPS(XPS)文档都很容易，因为此功能集成在所有Windows应用程序中。有关此主题的更多信息，我建议阅读Microsoft 的 XPS 网站(Microsoft's XPS website)。
您可以从任何可打印的文件创建 XPS 文档。转到您正在使用的应用程序的打印菜单(Print Menu)，然后选择“Microsoft XPS Document Writer”文件作为打印设备。
系统将询问您在哪里保存新文件并为其命名。按保存(Save)，您就完成了。
Microsoft Office 2007和 2010在其“另存为(Save As)”菜单中包含PDF 或 XPS选项。(PDF or XPS)
在“发布为 PDF 或 XPS”('Publish as PDF or XPS')窗口中，设置文件的位置和名称(location and name)，选择XPS作为文件类型，然后单击发布(Publish)。
该文件将被创建并保存在您指定的位置。
Microsoft Office 2013允许您从Backstage视图的“(Backstage)导出(Export)”部分将文档导出为 XPS 文件（单击“文件(File)”选项卡）。
XPS 查看器(XPS Viewer)的基本操作(Operations)：打开(Open)、打印(Print)、缩放(Zoom)、搜索(Search)等。
要打开XPS 文件(XPS file)，只需双击它。在Windows 7中打开XPS 文件(XPS file)的默认程序(default program)是XPS Viewer。在 Windows 8 中，它是Reader应用程序。但是，您可以启动XPS 查看器(XPS Viewer)应用程序并使用它打开XPS文件。
要从应用程序界面打开文件，请单击文件(File)->打开(Open)，然后浏览到所需的文档。
您可以按“文件(File)”菜单中的“另存为(Save As)”以新名称保存文档。
要查看有关已打开文件的更多详细信息，请转到File -> Properties。
这将打开众所周知的文件属性(Properties)窗口。
要打印文档，您有两个选择：您可以转到File -> Print或按顶部工具栏上的打印(Print)按钮。
大纲视图(outline view)显示文档的结构。如果您的文档有大纲，请按大纲(Outline)按钮来显示它。
XPS 查看器(XPS Viewer)应用程序还提供查看文档的不同方式。按缩放(Zoom)图标附近的箭头并选择可用于查看文档的方式之一：100%, One page, Page width, Thumbnails或全屏(Full screen)。
您是否需要特别搜索某些单词或短语(word or phrase)？在搜索(Seach)框中键入它，然后按Enter。
您可以使用XPS 查看器(XPS Viewer)窗口左下方的向上(Up)和向下(Down)按钮浏览文档页面。
如何使用XPS 查看器设置(XPS Viewer)文档(Document) 权限(Permissions)
XPS 查看器(XPS Viewer)允许您决定谁可以查看、打印、复制或数字签名XPS 文档(XPS document)，以及一个人可以查看或更改文档的时间。它使用Windows 权限管理服务技术(Windows Rights Management Services technology)来应用文档权限。
要使用权限，您必须拥有权限帐户证书(Rights Account Certificate)。如果您没有或需要有关此主题的更多信息，请转到Windows 权限管理服务页面(Windows Right Management Services page)。
不幸的是，我们没有必要的设置来深入研究这个主题并演示一切是如何工作的。对于那个很抱歉！
如何使用XPS 查看器签署文档(XPS Viewer)
数字签名允许您查看谁创建了 XPS 文档，并确保文档在签名后未被更改。要对文档进行数字签名，您必须首先获得数字证书。证书用于验证个人或设备(person or device)的身份、验证服务或加密文件。不会自动提供供您个人使用的证书，因此您必须联系证书颁发机构(certificate authority)以请求证书并将其导入(certificate and import)。如果您为使用证书的企业工作，您将能够签署 XPS 文档。
要签署文件，请转到Signatures -> Sign this document。
您将看到可用的证书，您必须确认它是否正确。
如果您没有签名，请从“签名”菜单中选择“(Signatures)请求签名”("Request signatures")。
写下您的姓名并按下(name and press)下拉按钮以查看可用的签名意图列表。按确定(OK)按钮。
您可以通过在“签名(Signatures)”菜单中选择“查看签名(View signatures)”来查看所有数字签名。
在窗口的左侧，您可以看到与该文档一起使用的所有签名的列表。双击(Double click)其中一个签名以查看有关它的更多信息。
如果可用，您可以看到请求的签名者的姓名、意图、签署文档的截止日期和位置。您可以选择对文档进行签名或通过按相应的按钮从文档中删除签名。
结论
正如您在本教程中所见，XPS是一种文档格式(document format)，适用于发布、归档和传输文档。此外，XPS Viewer是一个简单易用的应用程序，可以处理此类文件。它在Windows 7(Windows 7)和Windows 8中的外观和工作方式都相同，因此您应该可以轻松学习有关其工作原理的基础知识，无论是哪种操作系统(operating system)。
如果您有一些关于XPS(XPS)文件和XPS 查看器(XPS Viewer)的提示或问题要分享，请随时发表评论。
How to Handle XPS Files with the XPS Viewer in Windows 7 or Windows 8
XPS files or XML Paper Specifiсation files, are Microsoft's direct competitor to Adobe's PDF format. XPS Viewer is the tool used to view XPS files, similar to Adobe Reader. While XPS might not be as popular as PDF, it is used by some Windows users. For those of you who use it or would like to try it out, we decided to show what are the main qualities of the XPS format, how to create XPS files and how to work with the XPS Viewer, a tool available both in Windows 7 and Windows 8.
What Are XPS Files and How to Create Them
XPS is a widely-supported, fixed-layout document format designed to preserve document fidelity. XPS holds several advantages such as good cooperation with other technologies like Microsoft's digital rights management technology and it's independence of software and hardware. It is easy to create XPS documents from any type of file that supports printing since this functionality is integrated in all Windows applications. For more information on this topic, I recommend reading Microsoft's XPS website.
You can create an XPS document from any file that can be printed. Go to the Print Menu of the application you are using and choose "Microsoft XPS Document Writer" file as a printing device.
You will be asked where to save the new file and to give it a name. Press Save and you are done.
Microsoft Office 2007 and 2010 include a PDF or XPS option in their Save As menu.
In the 'Publish as PDF or XPS' window, set the file's location and name, choose XPS as the file type and click Publish.
The file will be created and saved in the location you specified.
Microsoft Office 2013 allows you to export documents as XPS files from the Export section in the Backstage view (click on the File tab).
Basic Operations with the XPS Viewer: Open, Print, Zoom, Search, etc.
To open an XPS file, just double click on it. The default program for opening XPS files in Windows 7 is XPS Viewer. In Windows 8, it is the Reader app. However you can launch the XPS Viewer application and open XPS files with it.
To open files from the application's interface, click on File -> Open and then browse to the desired document.
You can save a document under a new name, by pressing Save As in the File menu.
To view more details about a file that you have opened, go to File -> Properties.
This opens the well known file Properties window.
To print a document you have two options: you can either go to File -> Print or press the Print button found on the top toolbar.
The outline view shows the structure of your document. If your document has an outline, press the Outline button to display it.
The XPS Viewer application also offers different ways of viewing a document. Press the arrow near the Zoom icon and choose one of the ways available for viewing a document: 100%, One page, Page width, Thumbnails or Full screen.
Do you need to search for some word or phrase in particular? Type it in the Seach box and press Enter.
You can navigate the pages of a document using the Up and Down buttons on the bottom left of the XPS Viewer window.
How to Set Document Permissions with the XPS Viewer
XPS Viewer allows you to decide who can view, print, copy or digitally sign an XPS document and also how long a person can view or make changes to the document. It uses the Windows Rights Management Services technology to apply document permissions.
To use permissions you must have a Rights Account Certificate. If you don't have one or you need more information on this topic, go to Windows Right Management Services page.
Unfortunately we don't have the required setup to dive more into this subject and demo how everything works. Sorry about that!
How to Sign a Document with the XPS Viewer
A digital signature allows you to see who created an XPS document and to make sure the document was not changed after it was signed. To digitally sign a document you must first obtain a digital certificate. Certificates are used to verify the identity of a person or device, authenticate a service or encrypt files. A certificate for your personal use is not provided automatically so, you will have to contact a certificate authority to request a certificate and import it. If you work for an enterprise that uses certificates you will be able to sign an XPS document.
To sign a document go to Signatures -> Sign this document.
You will see the available certificate that you will have to confirm as correct or not.
If you don't have a signature, choose from the Signatures menu, "Request signatures".
Write your name and press the drop-down button to see the list of available intents for signing. Press the OK button.
You can view all the digital signatures, by choosing View signatures in the Signatures menu.
In the left-hand side of the window you can see the list of all the signatures that were used with that document. Double click on one of the signatures to see more information on it.
If available, you can see the name of the requested signer, the intent, the date until which the document is signed and the location. You can choose to either sign the document or remove the signature from the document by pressing the appropriate buttons.
Conclusion
As you can see from this tutorial, XPS is a document format which is good for publishing, archiving and transmitting documents. Also, XPS Viewer is a simple and easy to use application that handles this type of files. It looks and works the same in both Windows 7 and Windows 8 so you should have no trouble learning the basics about how it works, in either operating system.
If you have some tips or questions to share about XPS files and XPS Viewer don't hesitate to leave a comment.
